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Basic Java and Tools - Pumpkinor.io
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<h1>生产就绪前要做的工作</h1>
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<h4><a id="%E6%91%98%E5%BD%95" class="anchor" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>摘录</h4>
<p>今天，我和你介绍了如何使用 Spring Boot Actuaor 实现生产就绪的几个关键点，包括健康检测、暴露应用信息和指标监控。<br />
所谓磨刀不误砍柴工，健康检测可以帮我们实现负载均衡的联动；应用信息以及 Actuaor 提供的各种端点，可以帮我们查看应用内部情况，甚至对应用的一些参数进行调整；而指标监控，则有助于我们整体观察应用运行情况，帮助我们快速发现和定位问题。<br />
其实，完整的应用监控体系一般由三个方面构成，包括日志 Logging、指标 Metrics 和追踪 Tracing。其中，日志和指标我相信你应该已经比较清楚了。追踪一般不涉及开发工作就没有展开阐述，我和你简单介绍一下。<br />
追踪也叫做全链路追踪，比较有代表性的开源系统是SkyWalking和Pinpoint。一般而言，接入此类系统无需额外开发，使用其提供的 javaagent 来启动 Java 程序，就可以通过动态修改字节码实现各种组件的改写，以加入追踪代码（类似 AOP）。</p>
<p>全链路追踪的原理是：</p>
<ol>
<li>请求进入第一个组件时，先生成一个 TraceID，作为整个调用链（Trace）的唯一标识；</li>
<li>对于每次操作，都记录耗时和相关信息形成一个 Span 挂载到调用链上，Span 和 Span 之间同样可以形成树状关联，出现远程调用、跨系统调用的时候，把 TraceID 进行透传（比如，HTTP 调用通过请求透传，MQ 消息则通过消息透传）；</li>
<li>把这些数据汇总提交到数据库中，通过一个 UI 界面查询整个树状调用链。</li>
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<p>同时，我们一般会把 TraceID 记录到日志中，方便实现日志和追踪的关联。我用一张图对比了日志、指标和追踪的区别和特点：<br />
<img src="media/16355083181390/16355084552562.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p>在我看来，完善的监控体系三者缺一不可，它们还可以相互配合，比如通过指标发现性能问题，通过追踪定位性能问题所在的应用和操作，最后通过日志定位出具体请求的明细参数。</p>
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<span class="date">2021/10/29</span>
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<span class="posted-in"><a href='Java%20Mistake%20100.html'>Java Mistake 100</a></span>
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