From 326e8fa7538c69757822dac3fbd797f295b9af58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: YdrMaster <ydrml@hotmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2024 15:09:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=89=A9=E5=85=85=E5=88=B0=2034=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=A2=98?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Signed-off-by: YdrMaster <ydrml@hotmail.com>
---
 exercises/06_array/main.cpp                   |  26 ++++
 exercises/{06_loop => 07_loop}/main.cpp       |   0
 exercises/08_pointer/main.cpp                 |  28 +++++
 .../{07_enum&union => 09_enum&union}/main.cpp |   0
 exercises/{08_trivial => 10_trivial}/main.cpp |   0
 exercises/{09_method => 11_method}/main.cpp   |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 exercises/{11_class => 13_class}/main.cpp     |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../{14_class_move => 16_class_move}/main.cpp |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../{22_std_array => 24_std_array}/main.cpp   |   0
 .../{23_std_vector => 25_std_vector}/main.cpp |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 exercises/{25_strides => 27_strides}/main.cpp |   0
 .../{26_std_string => 28_std_string}/main.cpp |   0
 exercises/{27_std_map => 29_std_map}/main.cpp |   0
 exercises/30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp          |  74 ++++++++++++
 exercises/31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp          |  45 +++++++
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 .../main.cpp                                  |   0
 exercises/xmake.lua                           | 112 ++++++++++--------
 learn/summary.cpp                             |  14 ++-
 30 files changed, 245 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 exercises/06_array/main.cpp
 rename exercises/{06_loop => 07_loop}/main.cpp (100%)
 create mode 100644 exercises/08_pointer/main.cpp
 rename exercises/{07_enum&union => 09_enum&union}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{08_trivial => 10_trivial}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{09_method => 11_method}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{10_method_const => 12_method_const}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{11_class => 13_class}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{12_class_destruct => 14_class_destruct}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{13_class_clone => 15_class_clone}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{14_class_move => 16_class_move}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{15_class_derive => 17_class_derive}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{16_class_virtual => 18_class_virtual}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{17_class_virtual_destruct => 19_class_virtual_destruct}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{18_function_template => 20_function_template}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{19_runtime_datatype => 21_runtime_datatype}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{20_class_template => 22_class_template}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{21_template_const => 23_template_const}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{22_std_array => 24_std_array}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{23_std_vector => 25_std_vector}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{24_std_vector_bool => 26_std_vector_bool}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{25_strides => 27_strides}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{26_std_string => 28_std_string}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{27_std_map => 29_std_map}/main.cpp (100%)
 create mode 100644 exercises/30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp
 create mode 100644 exercises/31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp
 rename exercises/{28_std_transform => 32_std_transform}/main.cpp (100%)
 rename exercises/{29_std_accumulate => 33_std_accumulate}/main.cpp (100%)

diff --git a/exercises/06_array/main.cpp b/exercises/06_array/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61ed99ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/06_array/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "../exercise.h"
+
+// READ: 数组 <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/array>
+
+unsigned long long arr[90]{0, 1};
+unsigned long long fibonacci(int i) {
+    switch (i) {
+        case 0:
+            return 0;
+        case 1:
+            return 1;
+        default:
+            // TODO: 补全三目表达式缺失的部分
+            return <condition> ? <cache> : (arr[i] = fibonacci(i - 1) + fibonacci(i - 2));
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    // TODO: 为此 ASSERT 填写正确的值
+    ASSERT(sizeof(arr) == ?, "sizeof array is size of all its elements");
+    // ---- 不要修改以下代码 ----
+    ASSERT(fibonacci(2) == 1, "fibonacci(2) should be 1");
+    ASSERT(fibonacci(20) == 6765, "fibonacci(20) should be 6765");
+    ASSERT(fibonacci(80) == 23416728348467685, "fibonacci(80) should be 23416728348467685");
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/exercises/06_loop/main.cpp b/exercises/07_loop/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/06_loop/main.cpp
rename to exercises/07_loop/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/08_pointer/main.cpp b/exercises/08_pointer/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba37173f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/08_pointer/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "../exercise.h"
+
+// READ: 数组向指针退化 <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/array#%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%88%B0%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96>
+bool is_fibonacci(int *ptr, int len, int stride) {
+    ASSERT(len >= 3, "`len` should be at least 3");
+    // TODO: 编写代码判断从 ptr 开始，每 stride 个元素取 1 个元素，组成长度为 n 的数列是否满足
+    // arr[i + 2] = arr[i] + arr[i + 1]
+    return true;
+}
+
+// ---- 不要修改以下代码 ----
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    int arr0[]{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55},
+        arr1[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
+        arr2[]{99, 98, 4, 1, 7, 2, 11, 3, 18, 5, 29, 8, 47, 13, 76, 21, 123, 34, 199, 55, 322, 0, 0};
+    // clang-format off
+    ASSERT( is_fibonacci(arr0    , sizeof(arr0) / sizeof(*arr0)    , 1),         "arr0 is Fibonacci"    );
+    ASSERT( is_fibonacci(arr0 + 2, sizeof(arr0) / sizeof(*arr0) - 4, 1), "part of arr0 is Fibonacci"    );
+    ASSERT(!is_fibonacci(arr1    , sizeof(arr1) / sizeof(*arr1)    , 1),         "arr1 is not Fibonacci");
+    ASSERT( is_fibonacci(arr1 + 1,  3                              , 1), "part of arr1 is Fibonacci"    );
+    ASSERT(!is_fibonacci(arr2    , sizeof(arr2) / sizeof(*arr2)    , 1),         "arr2 is not Fibonacci");
+    ASSERT( is_fibonacci(arr2 + 2, 10                              , 2), "part of arr2 is Fibonacci"    );
+    ASSERT( is_fibonacci(arr2 + 3,  9                              , 2), "part of arr2 is Fibonacci"    );
+    ASSERT(!is_fibonacci(arr2 + 3, 10                              , 2), "guard check"                  );
+    ASSERT(!is_fibonacci(arr2 + 1, 10                              , 2), "guard check"                  );
+    // clang-format on
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/exercises/07_enum&union/main.cpp b/exercises/09_enum&union/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/07_enum&union/main.cpp
rename to exercises/09_enum&union/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/08_trivial/main.cpp b/exercises/10_trivial/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/08_trivial/main.cpp
rename to exercises/10_trivial/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/09_method/main.cpp b/exercises/11_method/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/09_method/main.cpp
rename to exercises/11_method/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/10_method_const/main.cpp b/exercises/12_method_const/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/10_method_const/main.cpp
rename to exercises/12_method_const/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/11_class/main.cpp b/exercises/13_class/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/11_class/main.cpp
rename to exercises/13_class/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/12_class_destruct/main.cpp b/exercises/14_class_destruct/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/12_class_destruct/main.cpp
rename to exercises/14_class_destruct/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/13_class_clone/main.cpp b/exercises/15_class_clone/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/13_class_clone/main.cpp
rename to exercises/15_class_clone/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/14_class_move/main.cpp b/exercises/16_class_move/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/14_class_move/main.cpp
rename to exercises/16_class_move/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/15_class_derive/main.cpp b/exercises/17_class_derive/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/15_class_derive/main.cpp
rename to exercises/17_class_derive/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/16_class_virtual/main.cpp b/exercises/18_class_virtual/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/16_class_virtual/main.cpp
rename to exercises/18_class_virtual/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/17_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp b/exercises/19_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/17_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp
rename to exercises/19_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/18_function_template/main.cpp b/exercises/20_function_template/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/18_function_template/main.cpp
rename to exercises/20_function_template/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/19_runtime_datatype/main.cpp b/exercises/21_runtime_datatype/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/19_runtime_datatype/main.cpp
rename to exercises/21_runtime_datatype/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/20_class_template/main.cpp b/exercises/22_class_template/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/20_class_template/main.cpp
rename to exercises/22_class_template/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/21_template_const/main.cpp b/exercises/23_template_const/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/21_template_const/main.cpp
rename to exercises/23_template_const/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/22_std_array/main.cpp b/exercises/24_std_array/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/22_std_array/main.cpp
rename to exercises/24_std_array/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/23_std_vector/main.cpp b/exercises/25_std_vector/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/23_std_vector/main.cpp
rename to exercises/25_std_vector/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/24_std_vector_bool/main.cpp b/exercises/26_std_vector_bool/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/24_std_vector_bool/main.cpp
rename to exercises/26_std_vector_bool/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/25_strides/main.cpp b/exercises/27_strides/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/25_strides/main.cpp
rename to exercises/27_strides/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/26_std_string/main.cpp b/exercises/28_std_string/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/26_std_string/main.cpp
rename to exercises/28_std_string/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/27_std_map/main.cpp b/exercises/29_std_map/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/27_std_map/main.cpp
rename to exercises/29_std_map/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp b/exercises/30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab75c801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "../exercise.h"
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// READ: `std::unique_ptr` <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr>
+
+std::vector<std::string> RECORDS;
+
+class Resource {
+    std::string _records;
+
+public:
+    void record(char record) {
+        _records.push_back(record);
+    }
+
+    ~Resource() {
+        RECORDS.push_back(_records);
+    }
+};
+
+using Unique = std::unique_ptr<Resource>;
+Unique reset(Unique ptr) {
+    if (ptr) {
+        ptr->record('r');
+    }
+    return std::make_unique<Resource>();
+}
+Unique drop(Unique ptr) {
+    if (ptr) {
+        ptr->record('d');
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+Unique forward(Unique ptr) {
+    if (ptr) {
+        ptr->record('f');
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    std::vector<std::string> problems[3];
+
+    drop(forward(reset(nullptr)));
+    problems[0] = std::move(RECORDS);
+
+    forward(drop(reset(forward(forward(reset(nullptr))))));
+    problems[1] = std::move(RECORDS);
+
+    drop(drop(reset(drop(reset(reset(nullptr))))));
+    problems[2] = std::move(RECORDS);
+
+    // ---- 不要修改以上代码 ----
+
+    std::vector<const char *> answers[]{
+        {"fd"},
+        // TODO: 分析 problems[1] 中资源的生命周期，将记录填入 `std::vector`
+        {"", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""},
+        {"", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""},
+    };
+
+    // ---- 不要修改以下代码 ----
+
+    for (auto i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        ASSERT(problems[i].size() == answers[i].size(), "wrong size");
+        for (auto j = 0; j < problems[i].size(); ++j) {
+            ASSERT(std::strcmp(problems[i][j].c_str(), answers[i][j]) == 0, "wrong location");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/exercises/31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp b/exercises/31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..febbbcc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "../exercise.h"
+#include <memory>
+
+// READ: `std::shared_ptr` <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr>
+// READ: `std::weak_ptr` <https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/weak_ptr>
+
+// TODO: 将下列 `?` 替换为正确的值
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    auto shared = std::make_shared<int>(10);
+    std::shared_ptr<int> ptrs[]{shared, shared, shared};
+
+    std::weak_ptr<int> observer = shared;
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    ptrs[0].reset();
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    ptrs[1] = nullptr;
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    ptrs[2] = std::make_shared<int>(*shared);
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    ptrs[0] = shared;
+    ptrs[1] = shared;
+    ptrs[2] = std::move(shared);
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    std::ignore = std::move(ptrs[0]);
+    ptrs[1] = std::move(ptrs[1]);
+    ptrs[1] = std::move(ptrs[2]);
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    shared = observer.lock();
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    shared = nullptr;
+    for (auto &ptr : ptrs) ptr = nullptr;
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    shared = observer.lock();
+    ASSERT(observer.use_count() == ?, "");
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/exercises/28_std_transform/main.cpp b/exercises/32_std_transform/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/28_std_transform/main.cpp
rename to exercises/32_std_transform/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/29_std_accumulate/main.cpp b/exercises/33_std_accumulate/main.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from exercises/29_std_accumulate/main.cpp
rename to exercises/33_std_accumulate/main.cpp
diff --git a/exercises/xmake.lua b/exercises/xmake.lua
index f7c656f2..0c3b11bf 100644
--- a/exercises/xmake.lua
+++ b/exercises/xmake.lua
@@ -28,100 +28,116 @@ target("exercise04")
 target("exercise05")
     add_files("05_constexpr/main.cpp")
 
--- 循环
+-- 数组
 target("exercise06")
-    add_files("06_loop/main.cpp")
+    add_files("06_array/main.cpp")
 
--- 枚举/联合体
+-- 循环
 target("exercise07")
-    add_files("07_enum&union/main.cpp")
+    add_files("07_loop/main.cpp")
 
--- “普通”类型
+-- 指针
 target("exercise08")
-    add_files("08_trivial/main.cpp")
+    add_files("08_pointer/main.cpp")
 
--- 方法
+-- 枚举/联合体
 target("exercise09")
-    add_files("09_method/main.cpp")
+    add_files("09_enum&union/main.cpp")
 
--- const 修饰方法
+-- “普通”类型
 target("exercise10")
-    add_files("10_method_const/main.cpp")
+    add_files("10_trivial/main.cpp")
 
--- 类
+-- 方法
 target("exercise11")
-    add_files("11_class/main.cpp")
+    add_files("11_method/main.cpp")
 
--- 析构器
+-- const 修饰方法
 target("exercise12")
-    add_files("12_class_destruct/main.cpp")
+    add_files("12_method_const/main.cpp")
 
--- 复制构造函数
+-- 类
 target("exercise13")
-    add_files("13_class_clone/main.cpp")
+    add_files("13_class/main.cpp")
 
--- 移动语义
+-- 析构器
 target("exercise14")
-    add_files("14_class_move/main.cpp")
+    add_files("14_class_destruct/main.cpp")
 
--- 派生
+-- 复制构造函数
 target("exercise15")
-    add_files("15_class_derive/main.cpp")
+    add_files("15_class_clone/main.cpp")
 
--- 虚函数
+-- 移动语义
 target("exercise16")
-    add_files("16_class_virtual/main.cpp")
+    add_files("16_class_move/main.cpp")
 
--- 虚析构函数
+-- 派生
 target("exercise17")
-    add_files("17_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp")
+    add_files("17_class_derive/main.cpp")
 
--- 函数模板
+-- 虚函数
 target("exercise18")
-    add_files("18_function_template/main.cpp")
+    add_files("18_class_virtual/main.cpp")
 
--- 习题：用于编译器的运行时类型
+-- 虚析构函数
 target("exercise19")
-    add_files("19_runtime_datatype/main.cpp")
+    add_files("19_class_virtual_destruct/main.cpp")
 
--- 类模板
+-- 函数模板
 target("exercise20")
-    add_files("20_class_template/main.cpp")
+    add_files("20_function_template/main.cpp")
 
--- 模板非类型实参
+-- 习题：用于编译器的运行时类型
 target("exercise21")
-    add_files("21_template_const/main.cpp")
+    add_files("21_runtime_datatype/main.cpp")
 
--- std::array
+-- 类模板
 target("exercise22")
-    add_files("22_std_array/main.cpp")
+    add_files("22_class_template/main.cpp")
 
--- std::vector
+-- 模板非类型实参
 target("exercise23")
-    add_files("23_std_vector/main.cpp")
+    add_files("23_template_const/main.cpp")
 
--- std::vector<bool>
+-- std::array
 target("exercise24")
-    add_files("24_std_vector_bool/main.cpp")
+    add_files("24_std_array/main.cpp")
 
--- 习题：步长计算
+-- std::vector
 target("exercise25")
-    add_files("25_strides/main.cpp")
+    add_files("25_std_vector/main.cpp")
 
--- std::string
+-- std::vector<bool>
 target("exercise26")
-    add_files("26_std_string/main.cpp")
+    add_files("26_std_vector_bool/main.cpp")
 
--- std::map
+-- 习题：步长计算
 target("exercise27")
-    add_files("27_std_map/main.cpp")
+    add_files("27_strides/main.cpp")
 
--- std::transform
+-- std::string
 target("exercise28")
-    add_files("28_std_transform/main.cpp")
+    add_files("28_std_string/main.cpp")
 
--- std::accumulate
+-- std::map
 target("exercise29")
-    add_files("29_std_accumulate/main.cpp")
+    add_files("29_std_map/main.cpp")
+
+-- std::transform
+target("exercise30")
+    add_files("30_std_unique_ptr/main.cpp")
+
+-- std::accumulate
+target("exercise31")
+    add_files("31_std_shared_ptr/main.cpp")
+
+-- std::transform
+target("exercise32")
+    add_files("32_std_transform/main.cpp")
+
+-- std::accumulate
+target("exercise33")
+    add_files("33_std_accumulate/main.cpp")
 
 -- TODO: lambda; deque; forward_list; fs; thread; mutex;
diff --git a/learn/summary.cpp b/learn/summary.cpp
index 775bd4ae..7c4ca371 100644
--- a/learn/summary.cpp
+++ b/learn/summary.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
-constexpr auto MAX_EXERCISE = 29;
+constexpr auto MAX_EXERCISE = 33;
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     if (argc == 1) {
@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         std::vector<std::thread> threads;
         threads.reserve(concurrency);
 
+        std::cout << "concurrency: " << concurrency << std::endl;
         Log log{Null{}};
         for (auto i = 0u; i <= concurrency; ++i) {
-            threads.emplace_back([&log, &k] {
-                int i = k.fetch_add(1);
-                while (i <= MAX_EXERCISE) {
-                    log << i;
-                    i = k.fetch_add(1);
+            threads.emplace_back([i, &log, &k] {
+                int j = k.fetch_add(1);
+                while (j <= MAX_EXERCISE) {
+                    std::printf("run %d at %d\n", j, i);
+                    log << j;
+                    j = k.fetch_add(1);
                 }
             });
         }