[release-1.11] precompilepkgs: make the circular dep warning clearer and more informative (#56621) (#56677)

Was e.g.
```
┌ Warning: Circular dependency detected. Precompilation will be skipped for:
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("eb0c05c4-6780-5852-a67e-5d31d2970b9a"), "ArrayInterfaceTrackerExt")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("f517fe37-dbe3-4b94-8317-1923a5111588"), "Polyester")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("0d7ed370-da01-4f52-bd93-41d350b8b718"), "StaticArrayInterface")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("6a4ca0a5-0e36-4168-a932-d9be78d558f1"), "AcceleratedKernels")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("244f68ed-b92b-5712-87ae-6c617c41e16a"), "NNlibAMDGPUExt")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("06b0261c-7a9b-5753-9bdf-fd6840237b4a"), "StaticArrayInterfaceStaticArraysExt")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("21141c5a-9bdb-4563-92ae-f87d6854732e"), "AMDGPU")
│   Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("9f7883ad-71c0-57eb-9f7f-b5c9e6d3789c"), "Tracker")
└ @ Base.Precompilation precompilation.jl:511
```
Now
![Screenshot 2024-11-21 at 11 20

50 PM](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6939d834-90c3-4d87-baa9-cf6a4931ca03)

Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <[email protected]>

Author: topolarity

base/precompilation.jl

@@ -351,6 +351,50 @@ end
 const Config = Pair{Cmd, Base.CacheFlags}
 const PkgConfig = Tuple{PkgId,Config}
 
+# name or parent → ext
+function full_name(exts::Dict{PkgId, String}, pkg::PkgId)
+    if haskey(exts, pkg)
+        return string(exts[pkg], " → ", pkg.name)
+    else
+        return pkg.name
+    end
+end
+
+function excluded_circular_deps_explanation(io::IOContext{IO}, exts::Dict{PkgId, String}, circular_deps, cycles)
+    outer_deps = copy(circular_deps)
+    cycles_names = ""
+    for cycle in cycles
+        filter!(!in(cycle), outer_deps)
+        cycle_str = ""
+        for (i, pkg) in enumerate(cycle)
+            j = max(0, i - 1)
+            if length(cycle) == 1
+                line = " ─ "
+            elseif i == 1
+                line = " ┌ "
+            elseif i < length(cycle)
+                line = " │ " * " " ^j
+            else
+                line = " └" * "─" ^j * " "
+            end
+            hascolor = get(io, :color, false)::Bool
+            line = _color_string(line, :light_black, hascolor) * full_name(exts, pkg) * "\n"
+            cycle_str *= line
+        end
+        cycles_names *= cycle_str
+    end
+    plural1 = length(cycles) > 1 ? "these cycles" : "this cycle"
+    plural2 = length(cycles) > 1 ? "cycles" : "cycle"
+    msg = """Circular dependency detected.
+    Precompilation will be skipped for dependencies in $plural1:
+    $cycles_names"""
+    if !isempty(outer_deps)
+        msg *= "Precompilation will also be skipped for the following, which depend on the above $plural2:\n"
+        msg *= join(("  " * full_name(exts, pkg) for pkg in outer_deps), "\n")
+    end
+    return msg
+end
+
 function precompilepkgs(pkgs::Vector{String}=String[];
                         internal_call::Bool=false,
                         strict::Bool = false,
@@ -408,7 +452,7 @@ function _precompilepkgs(pkgs::Vector{String},
     pkg_exts_map = Dict{PkgId, Vector{PkgId}}()
 
     function describe_pkg(pkg::PkgId, is_direct_dep::Bool, flags::Cmd, cacheflags::Base.CacheFlags)
-        name = haskey(exts, pkg) ? string(exts[pkg], " → ", pkg.name) : pkg.name
+        name = full_name(exts, pkg)
         name = is_direct_dep ? name : color_string(name, :light_black)
         if nconfigs > 1 && !isempty(flags)
             config_str = join(flags, " ")
@@ -547,32 +591,51 @@ function _precompilepkgs(pkgs::Vector{String},
 
 
     # find and guard against circular deps
-    circular_deps = Base.PkgId[]
-    # Three states
-    # !haskey -> never visited
-    # true -> cannot be compiled due to a cycle (or not yet determined)
-    # false -> not depending on a cycle
+    cycles = Vector{Base.PkgId}[]
+    # For every scanned package, true if pkg found to be in a cycle
+    # or depends on packages in a cycle and false otherwise.
     could_be_cycle = Dict{Base.PkgId, Bool}()
+    # temporary stack for the SCC-like algorithm below
+    stack = Base.PkgId[]
     function scan_pkg!(pkg, dmap)
-        did_visit_dep = true
-        inpath = get!(could_be_cycle, pkg) do
-            did_visit_dep = false
-            return true
-        end
-        if did_visit_dep ? inpath : scan_deps!(pkg, dmap)
-            # Found a cycle. Delete this and all parents
-            return true
+        if haskey(could_be_cycle, pkg)
+            return could_be_cycle[pkg]
+        else
+            return scan_deps!(pkg, dmap)
         end
-        return false
     end
     function scan_deps!(pkg, dmap)
+        push!(stack, pkg)
+        cycle = nothing
         for dep in dmap[pkg]
-            scan_pkg!(dep, dmap) && return true
+            if dep in stack
+                # Created fresh cycle
+                cycle′ = stack[findlast(==(dep), stack):end]
+                if cycle === nothing || length(cycle′) < length(cycle)
+                    cycle = cycle′ # try to report smallest cycle possible
+                end
+            elseif scan_pkg!(dep, dmap)
+                # Reaches an existing cycle
+                could_be_cycle[pkg] = true
+                pop!(stack)
+                return true
+            end
+        end
+        pop!(stack)
+        if cycle !== nothing
+            push!(cycles, cycle)
+            could_be_cycle[pkg] = true
+            return true
         end
         could_be_cycle[pkg] = false
         return false
     end
+    # set of packages that depend on a cycle (either because they are
+    # a part of a cycle themselves or because they transitively depend
+    # on a package in some cycle)
+    circular_deps = Base.PkgId[]
     for pkg in keys(depsmap)
+        @assert isempty(stack)
         if scan_pkg!(pkg, depsmap)
             push!(circular_deps, pkg)
             for pkg_config in keys(was_processed)
@@ -582,7 +645,7 @@ function _precompilepkgs(pkgs::Vector{String},
         end
     end
     if !isempty(circular_deps)
-        @warn """Circular dependency detected. Precompilation will be skipped for:\n  $(join(string.(circular_deps), "\n  "))"""
+        @warn excluded_circular_deps_explanation(io, exts, circular_deps, cycles)
     end
     @debug "precompile: circular dep check done"
 
@@ -973,7 +1036,7 @@ function _precompilepkgs(pkgs::Vector{String},
                         else
                             join(split(err, "\n"), color_string("\n│  ", Base.warn_color()))
                         end
-                        name = haskey(exts, pkg) ? string(exts[pkg], " → ", pkg.name) : pkg.name
+                        name = full_name(exts, pkg)
                         print(iostr, color_string("\n┌ ", Base.warn_color()), name, color_string("\n│  ", Base.warn_color()), err, color_string("\n└  ", Base.warn_color()))
                     end
                 end