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m1-8-2.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>M1-8, 2 of 10. Anon. Holograph. In [Articles, essays, fiction and reviews], vol. 8 [1938-39], pp. 78-102. 13p.</title>
<author>Virginia Woolf</author>
<respStmt>
<resp>Encoded by</resp>
<name>Joshua Phillips</name>
</respStmt>
<funder>The Leverhulme Trust: Grant ECF-2022-602</funder>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>The Estate of Virginia Woolf, administered by the Society of Authors</authority>
<availability>
<p>© Estate of Virginia Woolf 2022</p>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<institution>New York Public Library</institution>
<repository>Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature</repository>
<idno>m1-8-2</idno>
</msIdentifier>
<physDesc>
<p>M1-8. 2 of 8. Anon. Holograph. In [Articles, essays, fiction and reviews], vol. 8 [1938-39], pp. 78-102. 13p.</p>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<handNotes>
<handNote xml:id="ms" scribe="vwoo" script="handwritten">
<p>Holograph writing by the documents' main hand, Virginia Woolf</p>
</handNote>
</handNotes>
</profileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<editorialDecl>
<correction method="markup">
<p>Apparent errors have been explicitly corrected in sic / corr tags, wrapped in a choice element.</p>
</correction>
<interpretation>
<p>Names and references to places and literary works have been wrapped in rs tags which link to annotations and secondary material.</p>
</interpretation>
</editorialDecl>
<projectDesc>
<p>Text encoded as part of 'The Digital "Anon": A Digital Genetic Edition of Virginia Woolf's Final Essays'. This project, funded by Leverhulme Grant ECF-2022-602, seeks to construct a TEI-XML based digital edition of the drafts of 'Anon' and 'The Reader', among the final documents Woolf wrote before her death.</p>
</projectDesc>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.1" n="1" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1">
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<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-anon" key="Anon">Anon</rs></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/663,292,1843,372/full/0/default.tif">
<del>
<l>Anon <del>died</del> .. round <del>about</del> 1477. It was the</l>
<l>printed book that killed him <del>yet at</del> fair, the printed</l>
<l><del>book</del> until then the song was</l>
</del>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/663,292,1843,372/full/0/default.tif">
<l><del>The gr</del></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/797,698,1807,408/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Then the house is built; & <del>the</del> some one – a clergyman;</l>
<l>looks back. He <del>looks back</del> Time has drawn its blue veil</l>
<l>over the horizon. He has time to think about the</l>
<l>past in the quiet of the parsonage. He</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/831,1110,743,124/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Anon is <del>singing</del></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/817,1224,323,128/full/0/default.tif">
<l>all <del>Knigh</del></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/597,1678,179,188/full/0/default.tif">
<l><add place="margin">d [6?]</add></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/843,1196,1655,816/full/0/default.tif">
<l></l>
<l><del>Then at</del> When the house is built, Anon stops at the</l>
<l>back door. He <del>sings</del> Upstairs they talk French; English</l>
<l>has <del>was</del> gone down into the kitchen into the farmyard.</l>
<l>He sings in an uncouth fou . . He sings to young men &</l>
<l>maids. He tells them what they have heard already.</l>
<l>But save for this voice the English might be a dumb race.</l>
<l>& for the voice of <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-gcha" key="Chaucer, Geoffrey">Chaucer</rs> & <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-wlan" key="Langland, William">Langland</rs> the English</l>
<l>might be a dumb race; to</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/597,1678,179,188/full/0/default.tif">
<l><add place="margin">7</add></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/1961,1880,695,356/full/0/default.tif">
<add place="margin">
<l>the mummers & the</l>
<l>jugglers, the minstrels</l>
<l>& the</l>
<l>actors</l>
</add>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/777,2082,1939,712/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Then <del>The pr</del> <del>Then about</del></l>
<l>Anon is still the only articulate voice.</l>
<l><del>But aft</del></l>
<l>The house however became more &</l>
<l>more comfortable. At last we see someone in the house</l>
<l>winter is past. . . And the great
<choice>
<sic>E<hi rend="superscript">thn</hi></sic>
<corr>Elizabethan</corr>
</choice> house is</l>
<l>in existence.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-1/861,2744,1759,312/full/0/default.tif">
<l>The <rs xml:id="obj-prin" key="Printing Press">Printing Press</rs> had come. It is the Printing</l>
<l>Press that preserves the dumb world.</l>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.2" n="2" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-2">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-2/817,96,1803,704/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Then when the house was built, & roads <del>led</del> often</l>
<l>flooded, often deep in mud, led <del>to</del> from house to house</l>
<l><del><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-anon" key="Anon">Anon</rs> came</del> along the roads, came the minstrels, the</l>
<l>jugglers, the <del>singers</del>, bear leaders, singing their crude</l>
<l>songs at the back door, to the farm hands & the</l>
<l>maid servants, in the uncouth jargon of <del>the</del> <add place="above">their</add> native tongue</l>
<l><del>English</del> <del>Upstairs they talked French</del></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-2/943,760,1087,128/full/0/default.tif">
<l><quote source="#" rend="block">Icham for wore...</quote></l>
</p>
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<l>Upstairs they spoke French. The <del>nature singer was</del></l>
<l>man at the back door was despised. <del>He</del> <add>[It?]</add> had no</l>
<l>name, no station <del>yet even the Kings & Queens</del></l>
<l><del>must have their singers, their actors.</del> He was</l>
<l>a <del>jester, a [illeg.]</del> <del>Perhaps</del> But even the Kings &</l>
<l>Queens must have their minstrel, even if they</l>
<l>despised him, they tolerated him, as we tolerate</l>
<l>those who say out loud what we think, but will</l>
<l>not admit. If he <del>was</del> <add place="above">had</add> the outsiders</l>
<l>privilege, to say <del>the</del> <add place="above">to</add> mock<del>up</del> the <del>irreverent, the</del></l>
<l>to comment; <del>to</del> He <del>too was the</del> to see</l>
<l>from the outside. He <del>preserved to the</del> old</l>
<l><del>stories. He</del> <del>he</del> As <del>time went on, he</del></l>
<l>He put into words the things that were</l>
<l>remembered – the <del>old legends; the old</del> he</l>
<l><del>dan</del> <del>incited the peasants to</del> As time</l>
<l>went on, & <del>the</del> <del>there</del> houses were</l>
<l>grouped by the <del>road, a church</del>, he</l>
<l>& the church found in the [midst?], he</l>
<l>was to be found acting in the church;</l>
<l><del>he</del> <del>a</del> & then, when <del>his</del> as <del>his</del> acting</l>
<l>became more & <del>more definite</del> as he acted</l>
<l><del>himself</del> a more & more secular past, he</l>
<l>left the church, acted in the churchyard,</l>
<l>& was at last admitted to the</l>
<l>market place. But he was</l>
<l><del>the scholars</del> <del>have</del></l>
<l>nameless. <del>His songs were</del> <del>unwritten</del></l>
</p>
</div>
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<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-3/809,114,1599,164/full/0/default.tif">
<l>he was ribald, he was often obscene. It is <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-anon" key="Anon">Anon</rs></l>
</p>
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<l><del>But when the</del> <del>It was strange</del></l>
</p>
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<l>During the silent centuries, before the book was printed,</l>
<l>his is the only voice that was to be heard in</l>
<l>England. <del>The</del> <del>He</del> <del>It was a</del> <del>Save for</del> Save</l>
<l>for Anon singing of his day in the back door, the</l>
<l>English might be a desert race, a race of individuals</l>
<l>nameless [priest?], who left behind them stone barns,</l>
<l>cultivated fields, & great churches but no words.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-3/835,864,1815,1964/full/0/default.tif">
<l><del>It was the</del> Yet, during all these centuries,</l>
<l>as the scholars tell us, Anon was never silent <add place="above">also sang</add>. He was</l>
<l>It was he who gave voice to the old stories, who</l>
<l><del>found the</del> when he came to the back door</l>
<l>incited the peasants to put off their wooly</l>
<l>clothes & to dress themselves in green leaves, to</l>
<l>take [illeg.] in their hands, to enact <del>wh</del> the</l>
<l>old pagan beliefs which <del>has</del> <del>still</del> the</l>
<l>[antiquaries?] had not created. If we
<choice>
<sic>cd.</sic>
<corr>could</corr>
</choice> see the</l>
<l>village as it was before <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-gcha" key="Chaucer, Geoffrey">Chaucers</rs> time we</l>
<l>
<choice>
<sic>shd.</sic>
<corr>should</corr>
</choice> see tracks across the fields leading from the</l>
<l>main house to the farm, to the cottage, to the</l>
<l>hovel. The paths were worn, often by the</l>
<l>soldiers, & by the labourers. They scar</l>
<l>[illeg.] by the & sow [by the?] of they were [illeg.] to be</l>
<l>conquered by man, as by nature. That</l>
<l>connection, as time goes on, is painfully &</l>
<l>minutely recorded in old papers, old</l>
<l>account books. It made the shape of the</l>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.4" n="4" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-4">
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<l><del>But</del> This [anonymous?] that the <rs type="object" xml:id="obj-pres" key="Printing Press">Printing Press</rs>, which was</l>
<l>to [even?] to kill <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-anon" key="Anon">Anon</rs>, <del>was the</del> preserved him. There</l>
<l>in the [21?] books & we
<choice>
<sic>shd.</sic>
<corr>should</corr>
</choice> that we tap the</l>
<l><del>cl</del> [illeg.] of [writer?] put that lay deep [flush?] in the</l>
</p>
<p>
<l><del>The</del> The legend was still fact when</l>
</p>
<p>
<l>The <del>book</del> printed book fixed in a [& for?] all the dream</l>
<l>world that was about to fade under the [surface?] of</l>
<l>the <del>sixt</del>
<choice>
<sic>El<hi rend="superscript">an</hi></sic>
<corr>Elizabethan</corr>
</choice></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-4/877,966,795,152/full/0/default.tif">
<l><del>The printe book, was d</del></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-4/825,1044,1699,320/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Of the writer [nothing?] is known. <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tmal">Malory</rs> is</l>
<l>not distinct from his book. The book is still the</l>
<l>voice of Anon speaking to the dreaming mind of Anon.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-4/807,1332,1775,736/full/0/default.tif">
<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-wcax">Caxton</rs> [dow?] his [loubell?] the end of that</l>
<l>world, it is now written down, fixed; nothing will be</l>
<l>added, even if the dream the legend survives.</l>
<l>After that the the audience became separate & the</l>
<l>After that, we have the individual; the man</l>
<l>who looks back; who sees the past against the</l>
<l>present.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-4/873,1922,1747,476/full/0/default.tif">
<l>There is <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-whar" key="Harrison, William">Harrison</rs> in <rs type="place" xml:id="pla-esse" key="Essex">[Essex?]</rs>, the [parsonage?] in</l>
<l>his [liking?]. <del>He</del> These old stories are to him [office?] [illeg.]</l>
<l>born. They</l>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.5" n="5" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-5">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-5/695,132,1829,1576/full/0/default.tif">
<l>the preacher, the man who went from town to</l>
<l><del>town among the</del> living <add place="above">peasants</add> <del>among</del> among the peasants &</l>
<l>the nobles, heard them & the sound & his</l>
<l>fury. <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tlat" key="Latimer, Thomas">Latimer</rs>, riding in a [illeg.] homeward</l>
<l>from <rs type="place" xml:id="pla-lond" key="London">London</rs> <quote source="#" rend="inline">"going to preach, in the church,</quote></l>
<quote source="#" rend="inline">
<l>found the church door fast locked</l>
<l>and one of the parish came to me &</l>
<l>Lo this is a busy day with us, we cannot</l>
<l>hear you, it is <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-rhoo" key="Robin Hood">Robin Hood's</rs> day. The</l>
<l>parish are far abroad to gather for</l>
<l>Robin hood,... I was fain there to give</l>
<l>place to R H: I thought my [Racket?]
<choice>
<sic>wd.</sic>
<corr>would</corr>
</choice></l>
<l>have been regarded, tho' I was not; but it</l>
<l>
<choice>
<sic>wd</sic>
<corr>would</corr>
</choice> not serve, it was fain to give place to</l>
<l>Robin hoods men. It was no laughing matter</l>
<l>my friends, it is a weeping matter, a heavy</l>
<l>matter, a heavy matter, ....</l></quote>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-5/805,1654,1547,544/full/0/default.tif">
<del>
<l>It is the preacher who shows us the</l>
<l><del>living body of the</del> <add place="above">living body</add> the English peasant <del>whose</del></l>
<l>still <del>honouring the pagan Gods</del>: still</l>
<l>honouring the old gods; still immersed in </l>
<l>superstition. The preacher [imposes upon them his?]</l>
<l><del>God.</del> <del>It is in the preacher</del> who</l>
<l><del>killed</del> There is the voice that went</l>
<l>up & down England Latimer was no</l>
<l>chronicler of times past. To Latimer the old</l>
<l><del>dreams</del> games, the old <del>[songs?]</del> Latimer,</l>
</del>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-5/889,1990,1563,1216/full/0/default.tif">
<l>going up & down England, saw the peasant as he</l>
<l>is now at this moment, in King <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-edw6">Edward Sixths</rs></l>
<l><del>reign</del> in 1549. He saw the peasant</l>
<l>still <del>harbouring old superstitions</del>, going on</l>
<l>pilgrimage, setting up candles, worshipping</l>
<l>[pigs?] bones. <del>The</del> <del>saw</del> He <del>saw the</del> There was</l>
<l>no beauty, <del>it was</del> but only superstition &</l>
<l>corruption in their ancient games. He</l>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.6" n="6" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-6">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-6/801,80,1895,2320/full/0/default.tif">
<l>saw the present moment in all its crudity. He</l>
<l><del>saw the</del> was no antiquary. <del>He knew what he</del></l>
<l>He <del>had his</del> His eyes were open as he rode from</l>
<l>town to town to what was actually in existence.</l>
<l>He saw poverty; he saw the peasant <del>suff</del></l>
<l>unable to buy a grave. He saw the nobles</l>
<l>[eye?] long the field. He saw the great man lying</l>
<l>[illeg.] to in bed, after his [hawking?] & his hunting, in the</l>
<l>poor made waiting hour after hour to bring his</l>
<l>care upon him. He saw the great ladies</l>
<l>wearing vardigalls & puffing their hair out in</l>
<l>tussocks. And what he saw in the</l>
<l>roads, in the fields, in the house, he</l>
<l>described in a voice that stumbles & stutters &</l>
<l>cannot keep to the theme; for he is</l>
<l>enraged by what he sees. This was the voice of</l>
<l>the new <del>learning</del>. As he walked in the</l>
<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-arch" key="Archbishop of Canterbury">
<choice>
<sic>A of C.</sic>
<corr>Archbishop of Canterbury's</corr>
</choice></rs> garden, <quote source="#" rend="inline">looking in my [bokes?] –</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">"I cannot go long [bokes?], for poor folks</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">come unto me, desiring <del>tha</del> me that I will</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">[illeg.] so that their matters may be heard</quote></l>
<l>If he tries to read in the
<choice>
<sic>A of C</sic>
<corr>Archbishop of Canterbury's</corr>
</choice> garden,</l>
<l>the poor come knocking at the gate, & his man</l>
<l>says <quote source="#" rend="inline">"Lo there is someone at the gate
<choice>
<sic>wd</sic>
<corr>would</corr>
</choice></quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">speak with you..."</quote> and so</l>
<l>faithfully, <del>[outpoured?]</del> not [illeg.] he
<choice>
<sic>wd</sic>
<corr>would</corr>
</choice></l>
<l>he brings before the young king the state of</l>
<l>England at the very moment.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-6/947,2294,1579,920/full/0/default.tif">
<l>To him <del>the old Engand is</del> <del>no less</del> It is the</l>
<l>preacher who [exacts?] the <del>farmers</del> farmers; <del>the</del></l>
<l>for <del>he fain</del> upon them the light of the new</l>
<l>knowledge. He <del>alone</del> knows what he</l>
<l>is saying for he too, until he was thirty</l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">"walked in the shadow of death"</quote></l>
<del>
<l>He too had, <del>taken</del> <add>[illeg.]</add> part in the old</l>
<l>superstitions. But since <del>But</del></l>
</del>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.7" n="7" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-7">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-7/813,66,1803,1948/full/0/default.tif">
<l>It was master <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tbil" key="Bilney, Thomas">Bilney</rs> at <rs type="place" xml:id="pla-camb" key="Cambridge">Cambridge</rs> who opened his eyes.</l>
<l>Master Bilney who went about among the poor &</l>
<l>the sick, & finally had a paper set in his hand &</l>
<l>was burnt. So, it was he, he the [illeg.] will be</l>
<l>burnt. Meanwhile he will speak the truth; he</l>
<l>will speak in English. He will speak <del>in</del> <del>a</del></l>
<l>word that the poor, the [simple?] can</l>
<l>understand, in their own tongue. It was</l>
<l>the preacher then, saying the <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-lord" key="Lord's Prayer">Lords Prayer</rs> <del>in</del> <del>to</del></l>
<l>at the
<choice>
<sic>beg</sic>
<corr>beginning</corr>
</choice> & the end of his [sermons?] who</l>
<l>put English into the highest places.</l>
<l><del>But indeed</del> while during all [minstrels?] &</l>
<l>mummers, he was yet fashioning a</l>
<l>language for them to use. He was</l>
<l>giving a common <del>tongue</del> speech for nobles &</l>
<l>peasants. <del>But to</del> <del>He Just as</del></l>
<l><del>Harrison comes</del> Standing on the edge of the edge of the</l>
<l>
<choice>
<sic>Et<hi rend="superscript">hn</hi></sic>
<corr>Elizabethan</corr>
</choice> age, he saw the [gorgeous?] buildings she</l>
<l>and Harrison saw there. He deplored them</l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">Never has there been such building & planting"</quote> he</l>
<l>saw. Never had there been such</l>
<l>crime, such splendour, such poverty.</l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">"There never was such building then, as is now</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">planting, nor marrying.</quote> <del>The wealth that had</del></l>
<l><del>come from the sale of the monasteries, was not</del></l>
<l><del>given to</del> Give the money that used to be</l>
<l>shut in</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-7/825,1932,1879,1568/full/0/default.tif">
<quote source="#" rend="inline">
<l>There be none now</l>
<l>but great mens rooms in colleges.</l>
<l>It will come to pass that we shall</l>
<l>have nothing but a little English divinity</l>
<l>that will bring the realm into a very</l>
<l>barbarousness, & utter decay of</l>
<l>learning. Give the money "that it</l>
<l>were wont to bestow in pilgrimage</l>
<l>matters, in trentalls, in masses, in</l>
<l>purgatory matters" to poor [illeg.]</l>
<l>so that they may become scholars.</l>
</quote>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-7/825,1932,1879,1568/full/0/default.tif">
<add place="margin">63</add>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.8" n="8" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-8">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-8/821,72,1619,584/full/0/default.tif">
<l>This is the voice that ousted superstition: the voice of</l>
<l>reason, of common sense. By using English, by</l>
<l>putting English in the pulpit the preacher was</l>
<l>forging the very weapon that gave the</l>
<l>old [methods?] a new lease of life.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-8/831,586,1739,968/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Thus <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-whar" key="Harrison, William">Harrison</rs> and <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tlat" key="Latimer, Thomas">Latimer</rs> both saw what we can</l>
<l>still see, the great Elizabethan house</l>
<l>sitting often on the ruins & foundation of the old.</l>
<l>The sight & sound in both of them the same</l>
<l>denunciation: Harrison [described?] the men,</l>
<l>with him . . Latimer the women</l>
<l><del>But</del> We <del>sti</del> can see the house now,</l>
<l>steady in its ... still silent.</l>
<l>They cannot speak. They use the biblical</l>
<l>prose. <del>Old</del> [Lacy tone?]</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-8/831,586,1739,968/full/0/default.tif">
<add place="margin">
<l>the same</l>
<l>house [today?]</l>
<l>the house <del>that</del></l>
<l>built on the</l>
<l>old foundations</l>
<l>the
<choice>
<sic>gt</sic>
<corr>great</corr>
</choice>
<choice>
<sic>E<hi rend="superscript">th</hi></sic>
<corr>Elizabethan</corr>
</choice></l>
<l>house</l>
</add>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.9" n="9" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-9">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-9/815,164,1821,2792/full/0/default.tif">
<l>To <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tlat" key="Latimer, Thomas">Latimer</rs>, <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-rhoo" key="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</rs> was a <add place="above">[illeg.]</add> thief. <del>He was</del></l>
<l>He had walked in the shadow of death " till he was 30,</l>
<l>but then his eyes were opened, & he was through</l>
<l><del>the cloud</del> <del>of</del> superstition <del>that <del>still</del> obscured his</del> thought</l>
<l>He <del>saw things as they were</del>, he saw through the old</l>
<l><del>beliefs</del> through the old Popish preachers, the old</l>
<l>pagan customs. He saw England still, at the moment</l>
<l>in its reality. He was no antiquary. He did</l>
<l>not dig in the garden for roman coins. When he</l>
<l>walked in the
<choice><sic>A of C</sic>
<corr>Archbishop of Canterbury's</corr>
</choice> garden, <del>a man</del> his man</l>
<l>came & said: <quote source="#" rend="inline">"Sir there is one that
<choice>
<sic>wd.</sic>
<corr>would</corr>
</choice> speak</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">with you."</quote> <add place="above">Then</add> He shut his book, a <del>heart</del> He</l>
<l><del>he said</del> so <quote source="#" rend="inline">"the cry of the washerman is come up</quote></l>
<quote source="#" rend="inline">
<l>up to <del>my ears</del> "mine ears" The poor Labourers,</l>
<l>Gun makers, Powdermen, Bow makers, Arrow makers,</l>
<l>Smiths, Carpenters, [Solderers?], & other crafts</l>
</quote>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">cry out..."</quote> <add place="margin">111</add> They be unpaid. <del>So</del> He laid</l>
<l>aside his book. He <del>found</del> waited on the</l>
<l>great man & found him still in bed. <quote source="#" rend="inline">They</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">the <del>prelates</del> <del>they hawke</del></quote> He found the prelates,</l>
<quote source="#" rend="inline">
<l>They hawke, they hunt, they carde, they dice</l>
<l>they patronise in the palaces with [gallows?]</l>
<l>flatterers, with their dancing mummers, & with</l>
</quote>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">their fresh companions...</quote> Standing up by the</l>
<l>the King himself he laid bare the state of</l>
<l>England. In a voice that starts & stammers</l>
<l>repeating the word as in his hard</l>
<l>[powder?] the [cake?], he [fight?] to the English</l>
<l>[illeg.]</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-9/471,1552,399,192/full/0/default.tif">
<add place="margin">111</add>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.10" n="10" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-10">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-10/819,60,1853,2416/full/0/default.tif">
<l>We cannot hear them talking: the sound of the</l>
<l>bible <del>is in their ears</del> They speak ceremoniously</l>
<l>lay sounding in <del>that [imaginary?] still</del></l>
<l>to the speech of the [bible?] There is no</l>
<l>language [press?]. When Lady <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-abac" key="Bacon, Anne">Ann</rs></l>
<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-abac" key="Bacon, Anne">B</rs> writes to <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-fbac" key="Bacon, Francis">her son</rs> she adminishes, she</l>
<l>exhorts. She is a preacher advising a</l>
<l>subordinate. <del>She</del> <del>She</del> Fear of god,</l>
<l>fear of man shroud her with the walls of a dungeon.</l>
<l>They <del>are</del> Again, we cannot hear the</l>
<l>voices they heard- the voice of the [mummers?], of the</l>
<l>[market?]. [But?] we can see the path that led</l>
<l>to the well & the tree. It is an isolated</l>
<l>house: a house full of finery, <del>but</del></l>
<l>& furniture; <del>but</del> in
<choice>
<sic>wh.</sic>
<corr>which</corr>
</choice> the
<choice>
<sic>Ethns</sic>
<corr>Elizabethans</corr>
</choice></l>
<l>set <del>like</del> painted images. <del>less</del> without [sit?]</l>
<l>atmosphere, direction. <del>There is no</del></l>
<l><del>medium between the white & the scarlet, the</del></l>
<l><del>glass & the gold.</del>[Begat?] concentrated colour</l>
<l>must on their faces; <del>there is no mediium</del></l>
<l>[carnale?], snow: ebony & gold. There is no</l>
<l>natural medium [congregation?]</l>
<l>The writer then must be a poet–– For</l>
<l>when familiar letters are written in –</l>
</p>
</div>
<div xml:id="m1-8-2.11" n="11" facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11">
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11/827,194,1595,568/full/0/default.tif">
<l>To disengage the song from its encumberances</l>
<l>becomes as time goes on a task for the</l>
<l>critic – that specially qualified taster who</l>
<l>was not yet in existence when <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-espe" key="Spenser, Edmund">Spenser</rs></l>
<l>emerged <del>at last</del> partially at least from</l>
<l>the depths of anonymity.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11/849,690,1587,468/full/0/default.tif">
<l>But <del>he had the past</del> behind him. <quote source="#" rend="inline">For why a</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">For why a Gods name,</quote> he exclaimed <quote source="#" rend="inline">may not we</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">as else the Greeks, have the Kingdom of our</quote></l>
<l><quote source="#" rend="inline">own language?</quote></l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11/865,1030,1583,436/full/0/default.tif">
<l>So he was aware of his language, its possibilities, its</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11/865,1030,1583,436/full/0/default.tif">
<l>The writer must have the past behind him. For</l>
<l>Spenser the golden age <del>was</del> of English was <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-gcha" key="Chaucer, Geoffrey">Chaucer</rs>.</l>
</p>
<p facs="https://llkn576nqxepo6yucgfh2nl2ea0kkigc.lambda-url.eu-west-2.on.aws/iiif/2/m1-8-2/m1-8-2-11/833,1336,1683,1980/full/0/default.tif">
<l>Behind him too is the <del>Morte darthur</del></l>
<l>the old world of the <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-mort" key="Morte d'Arthur">Morte d'Arthur</rs>, the world is</l>
<l>Kings <del>ladies</del>, dwarfs, giants. But he has</l>
<l>ceased to believe in giants. <del>Therefore</del></l>
<l>they <del>have gone</del> <del>If</del> He no longer believes, [unlike?]</l>
<l>noblemen in 1470 that King <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-kart" key="Arthur (King)">Arthur</rs> was a</l>
<l>real man. Thus his poem lacks the reality</l>
<l>of the Morte d'Arthur. <del>It has not the</del> He cannot</l>
<l>see <add place="margin">within</add> <del>as Malory saw the</del>: <add place="above">When</add> <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tmal" key="Malory, Thomas">Malory</rs>Malory sees</l>
<l>sharply & distinctly, Spenser sees at a distance;</l>
<l>he sees with [regret?], with <add>[illeg.]</add> desire; but not</l>
<l>with belief. <del>There is no sense of</del> He cannot</l>
<l><del>His figures <del>are</del> pass at a distance. They do not</del></l>
<l><del>He cannot make us believe; he cannot</del></l>
<l>There is no sharpness in the figures of the</l>
<l><rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-faer" key="Faery Queen, The">Fairy Queen</rs>: no [vice?], no <del>belief</del>, no edge: no</l>
<l>such closeness <del>or</del> <del>comes</del> none of that</l>
<l>reality
<choice>
<sic>wh.</sic>
<corr>which</corr>
</choice> comes from <del>the</del> belief: On the other</l>
<l>hand he shows us as Malory cannot, the</l>
<l>world surrounded by [words?]. His vision</l>
<l>is not fixed in the figure: but holds</l>
<l><del>the</del> <del>more</del> so that if we lose the</l>
</p>
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<add place="margin">
<l>Looking at them</l>
<l>from a distance</l>
<l>he sees them</l>
<l>pictorally</l>
</add>
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<l><del>He gives</del> <del>It holds the</del> It holds the surrounding</l>
<l>[illeg.]. He realises time & change. And </l>
<l>again, he has the painters eye. Now like</l>
<l>the eye which gives the figures
<choice>
<sic>wh.</sic>
<corr>which</corr>
</choice> [houses?]</l>
<l>them with the flower & the barbed thorn</l>
<l>marble pillar, <del>& pen</del> with light sees,</l>
<l>There is no fear, but always [meriment?]. No</l>
<l>[virtue?] <del>that of light</del> gives, rounds lit up but in</l>
<l>great illuminated wid <del>a</del> <del>vi</del></l>
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<l><del>Still it is the world of</del></l>
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<l>But still there is something anonymous about</l>
<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-espe" key="Spenser, Edmund">Spenser</rs>. He <del>must stand out</del> cannot</l>
<l>confine his [characters?] in [huals?]: they are</l>
<l>symbolic. He externalises: <del>he</del></l>
<l>embodies [learning?], not as a man, but gives it a</l>
<l>[separate?], a symbolic existence. <del>Still</del> The</l>
<l>He shall pass <del>away</del> ignores himself, the</l>
<l>first mind. The individual. He must</l>
<l>and at the same time, forces are at work</l>
<l>that are forcing the poet to be conscious of</l>
<l>himself, as a separate individual; a man</l>
<l>who <del>he</del> is giving something to the world: who</l>
<l>asks something: but <del>w</del> who is conscious of the</l>
<l>worlds scorn & neglect.</l>
<l>Then is the artist thus aware of his birth</l>
<l>as <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-gcha" key="Chaucer, Geoffrey">Chaucer</rs> was not, nor <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-wlan" key="Langland, William">Langland</rs>, nor</l>
<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-tmal" key="Malory, Thomas">Malory</rs>. He is becoming separate:</l>
<l>outside; <del>Not all</del> his [illeg.]</l>
<l>No longer a wandering voice, but specialised</l>
<l>He is <del>indeed more</del> <del>When he</del></l>
<l><del>a</del> <del>When</del> <del>And here</del></l>
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<l>He was then the first self conscious poet.</l>
<l>The first real poet. And English poetry</l>
<l>might have continued to be a book read aloud</l>
<l>by the leisured in the great hall <del>were</del> had it</l>
<l>not been for the other voice – the voice at the</l>
<l>back door. Ironically [though?], when</l>
</p>
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<add place="margin">
<l>12</l>
</add>
</p>
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<l><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-espe" key="Spenser, Edmund">Spenser</rs> himself heard the voice of the mummers. He</l>
<l>was present, it may be, at the pageant
<choice>
<sic>wh.</sic>
<corr>which</corr>
</choice></l>
<l>was acted before the <rs type="person" xml:id="psn-eliz" key="Elizabeth I">Queen</rs> at <rs type="place" xml:id="pla-keni" key="Kenilworth">Kenilworth.</rs></l>
<l>He saw the players dressed in green.</l>
<l><del>He</del> For time had made the peasant, probably</l>
<l>the Earth in his own [guise?], a spectacle, a</l>
<l>figure from the past. The old superstitions</l>
<l>were so [harmless?] that the
<choice>
<sic>Q</sic>
<corr>Queen</corr>
</choice> was</l>
<l>awed at their survival. But even while</l>
<l>Spenser looked at their <del>fantastic</del> survival,</l>
<l><del>with his</del> the <del>stage was being</del></l>
<l>theatre was being built upon which</l>
<l>the <del>old</del> <del>English was</del> the mummers were to act</l>
<l>not Robin hood, not <del><rs type="person" xml:id="psn-gawa" key="Gawain">Gawain</rs></del> for the sophisticated</l>
<l>antiquated pageantry to <del>the</del> <add place="inline">a</add> sophisticated</l>
<l>audience, but <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-faus" key="Faust">Faust</rs>, <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-tamb" key="Tamburlaine">Tamburlaine</rs>, the</l>
<l><rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-span" key="Spanish Tragedy, The">Spanish Tragedy</rs>, <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-haml" key="Hamlet">Hamlet</rs>, <rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-lear" key="King Lear">Lear</rs></l>
<l><rs type="literary-work" xml:id="lit-ancl" key="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony & Cleopatra</rs></l>
</p>
</div>
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