Extend preflight guide

[amesgen]

#879 added a preflight guide, with two initial topics. This epic collects further potential steps in that guide.

• Use basic cardano-cli commands, and do sth simple with the result (this maybe should be split across several steps)
  • get current tip
  • use cardano-cli ping to see/explain network versions and handshaking
  • get protocol parameters, explain values relevant for Consensus, in particular the on-chain protocol version (intra-era HFs, obsolete node check)
  • get stake distribution, explain decentralization parameter $k$ for why so many pools have roughly the same stake
    • Synergy with the leader schedule section: concrete calculations with the stake distribution, eg regarding multi leader slots
  • get protocol state, explain nonces
• Explore some Cardano-related resources/website
  • Explain all(?) rows/columns of https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/blob/master/CIP-0059/feature-table.md
  • Explore https://pooltool.io/, especially https://pooltool.io/realtime (slot battles, height battles)
  • Explore some Cardano explorer page, and look at properties of blocks relevant for Consensus
• (✅ done in PreflightGuide: new section on the leader schedule #1096) First exploration of leadership probability stuff
  • Introduce $\varphi(\alpha) = 1 - {(1-f)}^\alpha$ and basic properties
  • Some calculations around multi leader slots
  • Some applications of (negative) binomial distributions to get the probability of a specific number of blocks in a range of slots etc.