diff --git a/.github/workflows/run_unit_tests.yml b/.github/workflows/run_unit_tests.yml
index 68c5fcbd..13b92d31 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/run_unit_tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run_unit_tests.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-        pip install -r requirements_test.txt
+        pip install .[test]
         pip install ${{ matrix.dependencies }}
     - name: Lint with flake8
       run: |
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..516ee805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=64"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "highdicom"
+dynamic = ["version"]
+description = "High-level DICOM abstractions."
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.6"
+authors = [
+    { name = "Markus D. Herrmann" },
+]
+maintainers = [
+    { name = "Markus D. Herrmann" },
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
+    "Operating System :: MacOS",
+    "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
+    "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics",
+    "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Information Analysis",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "numpy>=1.19",
+    "pillow-jpls>=1.0",
+    "pillow>=8.3",
+    "pydicom>=2.3.0,!=2.4.0",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+libjpeg = [
+    "pylibjpeg-libjpeg>=1.3",
+    "pylibjpeg-openjpeg>=1.2",
+    "pylibjpeg>=1.4",
+]
+test = [
+    "mypy==0.971",
+    "pytest==7.1.2",
+    "pytest-cov==3.0.0",
+    "pytest-flake8==1.1.1",
+    "numpy-stubs @ git+https://github.com/numpy/numpy-stubs@201115370a0c011d879d69068b60509accc7f750",
+]
+docs = [
+    "sphinx-autodoc-typehints==1.17.0",
+    "sphinx-pyreverse==0.0.17",
+    "sphinx-rtd-theme==1.0.0",
+    "sphinxcontrib-autoprogram==0.1.7",
+    "sphinxcontrib-websupport==1.2.4",
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+homepage = "https://github.com/imagingdatacommons/highdicom"
+documentation = "https://highdicom.readthedocs.io/"
+repository = "https://github.com/ImagingDataCommons/highdicom.git"
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+addopts = "--doctest-modules"
+testpaths = ["tests"]
+log_cli_level = "INFO"
+
+[tool.mypy]
+warn_unreachable = true
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = "mypy-pydicom.*"
+ignore_missing_imports = true
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = "mypy-PIL.*"
+ignore_missing_imports = true
diff --git a/requirements_docs.txt b/requirements_docs.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 112567c4..00000000
--- a/requirements_docs.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-sphinx-autodoc-typehints==1.17.0
-sphinx-pyreverse==0.0.17
-sphinx-rtd-theme==1.0.0
-sphinxcontrib-autoprogram==0.1.7
-sphinxcontrib-websupport==1.2.4
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 28485662..00000000
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-mypy==0.971
-pytest==7.1.2
-pytest-cov==3.0.0
-pytest-flake8==1.1.1
-git+https://github.com/numpy/numpy-stubs@201115370a0c011d879d69068b60509accc7f750#egg=numpy-stubs
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index a33db6a4..1340c5f1 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -5,17 +5,3 @@ test=pytest
 max_line_length = 80
 ignore = E121 E125 W504
 statistics = True
-
-[mypy]
-warn_unreachable = True
-
-[mypy-pydicom.*]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-
-[mypy-PIL.*]
-ignore_missing_imports = True
-
-[tool:pytest]
-python_files = tests/*.py
-log_cli_level = INFO
-addopts = --doctest-modules
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 65c6914b..00000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-import re
-
-import setuptools
-from pathlib import Path
-
-root_directory = Path(__file__).parent
-readme_filepath = root_directory.joinpath('README.md')
-long_description = readme_filepath.read_text()
-
-
-def get_version():
-    version_filepath = Path('src', 'highdicom', 'version.py')
-    with open(version_filepath, encoding='utf8') as f:
-        version = re.search(r'__version__ = \'(.*?)\'', f.read()).group(1)
-    return version
-
-
-setuptools.setup(
-    name='highdicom',
-    version=get_version(),
-    description='High-level DICOM abstractions.',
-    long_description=long_description,
-    long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
-    author='Markus D. Herrmann',
-    maintainer='Markus D. Herrmann',
-    url='https://github.com/imagingdatacommons/highdicom',
-    license='MIT',
-    platforms=['Linux', 'MacOS', 'Windows'],
-    classifiers=[
-        'Operating System :: MacOS',
-        'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',
-        'Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        'Intended Audience :: Science/Research',
-        'Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics',
-        'Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Information Analysis',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
-        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-    ],
-    include_package_data=True,
-    packages=setuptools.find_packages('src'),
-    package_dir={'': 'src'},
-    python_requires='>=3.6',
-    install_requires=[
-        'pydicom>=2.3.0,!=2.4.0',
-        'numpy>=1.19',
-        'pillow>=8.3',
-        'pillow-jpls>=1.0',
-    ],
-    extras_require={
-        'libjpeg': [
-            'pylibjpeg>=1.4',
-            'pylibjpeg-libjpeg>=1.3',
-            'pylibjpeg-openjpeg>=1.2'
-        ],
-    },
-)