diff --git a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml index 51ac83997..8ae8539aa 100644 --- a/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml +++ b/frus-toc/frus1981-88v05-toc.xml @@ -85,6 +85,11 @@ data-template-current-ids="appA appB appC app">Appendix (Documents A–C) +
  • + Index +
    • diff --git a/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml b/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml index e54e26fc9..8982c7890 100644 --- a/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml +++ b/volumes/frus1981-88v05.xml @@ -87139,6 +87139,7128 @@ +
    + Index +

    + References are to document numbers +

    + + + + Able Archer (1983), 198, 261 + ABM Treaty. See Anti-Ballistic Missile + Treaty (1972) + Abrahamson, James, 65, 99 + Abramowitz, Morton, 6, 34, 37, 39, 147, 260 + Abrams, Elliott, 11, 217: + Human rights, and, 11 + + Abshire, David, 263 + Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 50, 150, 296 + "Accidents Measures" Agreement (1971), 251 + ACDA. See Arms Control and Disarmament + Agency + Adamishin, Anatoly, 287 + Adelman, Kenneth, 86, 91, 92, 263, 302: + Chemical weapons, and, 161 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 146, 188 + Nuclear testing, and, 162 + + Aerial Measuring System, 221 + Aeroflot, 28, 31, 61, 62, + 71, 72, 143, 159, 292: + Boycott, 99, 100 + + Afanasiev, Viktor, 24, 36 + Afghanistan, 5, 6, + 9, 18, 21, 29, 48, 65, 85, 94, 122, 135, 138, 143, 160, 227, 232, 240, 272: + Coalition government, 114, 186 + National reconciliation, 23, 69, 120, + 152, 163, 172, 173 + Nicaragua, relations with, 7 + Nonaligned Nations, member of, 46, 71, 152, 195, 303 + Pakistan, and, 7, 21, 23, + 41, 42, 55, 96, 157, 186 + People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, 240 + Political settlement, 41, 55, 61, + 152, 154, 172, 173, 186, + 195 + Refugee resettlement, 114, 173, 195, + 260 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 17, 28, 62, 66, + 94, 95, 105, 108, 163, + 191, 195, 212, 262, 303 + + Agreement on Military Liaison Missions (1947), 12 + Air Force Technical Applications Center, 224 + Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM), 70, + 97, 99, 112, 134, 135, 153, 197, 254, 302, 304, 305: + Soviet percentage proposal and, 58, 157 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991) and, 8, 27, 28, 124, + 131, 284, 296 + + Akhromeyev, Sergei, 58: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 43, 118 + Crowe, William, counterpart to, 199 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 302, 304, + 305 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), views on, 118 + + Alaska, 5, 188, + 296, 297, + 299 + ALCM. See Air-launched cruise + missiles + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, 37, 48, 155, 159, 214 + Alexandrov-Agentov, Andrey, 5: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, advisor to, 32, 65, 169 + Soviet private channel, and, 59, + 114 + + Alkhimov, Vladimir, 11 + American Jewish Congress, 11 + American Union of Concerned Scientists, 58, 71 + ANZUS. See Australia, New Zealand, United + States Security Treaty + Angola, 18, 74, + 86, 87, 152, 240, 260: + Cuba, relations with, 28, 151, 186 + National reconciliation, 173 + National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, 186 + Regional issues, 92, 96, 117, + 122, 173, 186, 214, 239 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty): + Arms control and disarmament, 8, + 17, 22, 23, 28, 29, 32, 41, + 42, 58, 70, 93, 118, 147, 239, + 278 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 23, 28, + 124, 188, 206, 236, 239, + 247, 254, 275, 296, 297, + 305, 307 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 43, + 93, 97, 99, 105, 152, 153, 157 + Historical overview, 147 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 188, 227, 278 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 29, 124 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 297, 301, 302, 306, + 307, 308 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), and, 5, 32, 50, 61, + 99, 101, 278 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991) and, 296, 297, + 305, 308 + Strategic defenses whether permitted by, 8, 23, 41, 42, + 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, 91, 93, + 97, 99, 101, 102, 105, + 118, 127, 138, 146, 147, + 152, 153, 180, 186, 188, + 192, 206, 227, 236, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 258, + 264, 284, 296, 301, 304, + 308 + Verification and verification protocols, 97, 124, + 227 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance: + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment + system (CORRTEX), 203, 296, 302 + Fylingdales radar, 122, 140, 284 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 22, 28, 29, + 71, 97, 99, 105, 140, 157, 202, + 284, 296, 308 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and, 23, 42, 49, 50, + 70, 71, 82, 91, 93, 97, 98, + 99, 101, 102, 105, 113, + 118, 124, 134, 135, 138, + 146, 147, 152, 153, 180, + 186, 192, 197, 202, 206, + 212, 227, 236, 238, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 257, + 258, 264, 280, 284 + Telemetry encryption, 29, 97, 124, + 134, 135 + Thule radar, 122, 140, 284, + 296 + + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal: + Nuclear testing, and, 17, 23, 65, + 135, 152, 227, 236, 239, + 249, 254, 284, 296, 301, + 305, 306, 307, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, associated with, 113, 134, + 206, 236, 238, 239, 247, + 284, 296, 297, 306, 308 + Treaty compliance, and, 97, 206, 257 + + Anti-satellite systems (ASAT), 50, 89, 195, 236, 238, 247, 301: + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), role in, 70, 71, + 97, 112, 140, 195, 257 + Nuclear testing, and, 95, 99, 102, + 122, 296 + + ANZUS. See Australia, New Zealand, United + States Security Treaty + Apollo–Soyuz space mission (1975), 130 + Arbatov, Georgii, 89, 153, 240, 307: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, advisor to, 114, 129 + Institute of U.S. and Canadian Studies (Soviet), director + of, 49, 111, 122 + Kissinger, Henry, meeting with, 111 + + Arensburger, Dimitri, 5, 28 + Arensburger, Eugenia, 106, 107, 159 + Aristov, Boris, 169 + Arkhipov, Ivan, 7 + Arms control and disarmament: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), 8, 17, 22, 23, + 28, 29, 32, 41, 42, 58, 70, + 93, 118, 147, 239, 278 + Confidence-building measures, 146, 180, 197, 247 + Conventional weapons, 66, 180, 247, + 254, 280, 296 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 28, 99, + 124, 131, 176 + Europe and, 8, 27, 46, 122, 124, + 135, 177, 185, 188, 197, + 212, 248, 256, 257, 259, + 263, 275, 284, 296, 297, + 299 + Geneva Summit (1985), 52, 82, 92, + 93, 95, 123, 135, 142, + 160, 208 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, 177, 178, 179, + 180, 182, 185, 187, 195, + 299 + Interim Restraint proposal, 238, + 293 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 6, 62, + 70, 97, 108, 129, 183, + 189, 192, 196, 206, 213, + 239, 278, 296 + No first use, 29 + Nonuse of force, 13, 23, 29 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and, 8, 112, + 182, 185, 196, 278, 301, + 306 + Nuclear nonproliferation, 28, + 61, 62, 71, 82, 135, 237 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), 46, 87, 196, 207, + 243, 278, 306 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 293, 296, 297, 306 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, Geneva), 5, 8, 98, 99, + 284 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + 284, 286 + Space activities, 28, 49, 71, + 158, 238, 296 + Space-strike arms, 8, 127 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 62, 70, + 72, 97, 188, 275, 284, + 296, 306 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, 23, 43, 90, 98, + 113, 123, 127, 233 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 6, 17, 77 + U.S.-Soviet relations and, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15, + 29, 127, 132 + + Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 61, 91, 153, 190, 262, 264, 297 + Arms Control Support Group, 91, 113, 264, 297: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 97, 142 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 185 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, 296 + Senior Arms Control Group (SACG) and, 91, 170, 185, 249, + 296 + + Arms race, 98, 152, 153, 158, 160, 172, 277, 284: + Outer space, in, 8, 9, 71, 99, 151, + 152, 153, 157, 177, 247 + Space-strike arms, and, 5, 135, 138, + 139, 140, 157, 301 + + Arms sales, 117 + ASAT. See Anti-satellite systems + ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian + Nations + al-Assad, Hafez, 186 + Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 28, 71, 186 + Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability, 221 + Australia, 8 + Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS), + 7 + Austrian State Treaty (1955), 9, 28 + Baker, James, 73, 94, 106, 190, 214: + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 188, 243 + + Baldrige, Malcolm, 13, 39, 167, 173, 175: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 32, 36, 38, 71, + 169 + Joint Commercial Commission, participant in, 55 + Patolichev, Nikolai, counterpart to, 26, 31 + U.S.-Soviet trade relations, role in, 144, 161, 165, 168 + + Ballistic missiles, 92, 98, 130, 138, 172, 177, 219, 227, 243, 264, 278, 283, 284: + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 8, 27, 28, 50, + 82, 85, 97, 99, 111, 112, 124, + 131, 134, 157, 169, 178, + 185, 197, 275, 286, 293, + 296 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 299, 304, 305, 306, + 307, 308 + Strategic defenses, and, 41, 49, 62, + 91, 101, 133, 195, 254, + 258 + + Balovlenkov, Yuri, 35, 41 + Baltimore Sun, 274 + Barker, Robert, 256, 259, 262 + Barry, Robert, 204, 256, 259 + Baybakov, Nikolai, 48 + Begun, Yosef, 5, 272, 283 + Beirut, 135 + Belenogov, Alexander, 285 + Berlin air corridors, 13, 55, 61, 71, 186: + Air safety, 22, 28, 29, + 135 + + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 28, 54, 135, 140, 159, 165, 210, 212, 222, 245, 260, 267, 276, 286: + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 9, + 237 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + Ridgway, Rozanne "Roz" counterpart to, 250, 256, 257, 258, + 287, 288, 292, 303 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 257 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, New York), + participant in, 289, 292 + Simons, Thomas, meeting with, 255 + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues, and, 165, 210, 255 + + Billington, James, 85, 96 + Blackwill, Robert, 262 + Blix, Hans, 229 + Bomber aircraft, 8, 97, 264, 284, 305: + Bomber counting rule, 92, 112, 304 + + Brazil, 5 + Brezhnev, Leonid, 59, 66, 110, 138, 201, 214, 259: + Brezhnev Doctrine, 3, 60, 74, + 242 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, compared to, 143, 215, 242 + Nixon, Richard, meeting with, 212 + + Brooks, Linton, 296, 297 + Broomfield, William, 213 + Bruk, Mike, 59 + Bukin, Alexi, 65, 66 + Bulgaria, 198, 287 + Burton, Bruce, 255, 258 + Burt, Richard "Rick," 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 22, 62, 64, 68: + Mock Memorandum, author of, 16 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 12 + Summit planning, views on, 33 + + Bush, George H.W., 23, 71, 105, 138, 245: + Arbatov, Georgii, meeting with, 89 + Arms control and disarmament, and, 5 + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 89 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 1, 2, 9, 10, 15 + National Security Council meeting, participant in, 94 + People's Republic of China, former ambassador to, 106 + + Byrd, Robert, 80 + Cambodia, 62, 96, 120, 122, 152 (see + also Vietnam-Cambodian conflict) + Canada, 292 + Cancer research, 190 + Carter, Jimmy, 277: + Carter-Brezhnev meeting (June 1978), 33, 45, 212 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), 156 + Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, 138 + + Casey, William, 34, 78, 178, 253, 287, 290: + National Security Council meeting, participant in, 94, 146 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 188, 243 + Strategic defenses, views on, 243 + + CBM. See Confidence-building + measures + CCP. See Chinese Communist Party + Central America, 18, 21, 22: + Contadora, and, 96, 186 + + Central Committee, 5, 25, 179, 209, 212, 215, 242, 245: + Hartman, Arthur access to, 114, + 241 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April 1985), and, 22 + + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 39, + 57, 94, 141, 145, 227, 261, 267, 269, 274, 283, 304: + Geneva Summit (1985), response to, 160 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 160 + Intelligence Assessment prepared in, 215 + Intelligence Report prepared in, 220, 223 + Paper prepared in, 48, 80, 87, + 133 + Soviet foreign policy, and, 87 + + Chautauqua Conference (1985), 47: + Nitze, Paul speaker at, 97 + + Chebrikov, Viktor, 48, 53, 198, 240 + Chemical weapons (CW), 9, 22, 28, 158, 164, 180, 182, 190, 280, 287, 297: + Chemical industry, 286 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), and, 23, 41, + 71, 188, 254, 256, 259, + 286 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 23, 28, 62, 71, + 108, 122, 135, 140, 257 + Libya, 173 + Nonproliferation, 13, 29, 55, + 135, 146, 177, 204, 259, + 262 + Verification and verification protocols, 29, 61, + 195, 197, 204, 286 + Weapon destruction, 71, 89, 177, + 183 + + Chernenko, Konstantin, 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, 59, 114, 136, 259: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 54 + Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, 1 + Soviet Union, former leader of, 1, + 48, 53, 87, 141 + + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), 220, + 221, 223, + 225, 226, + 230, 234, + 287, 289: + Damage assessment, 224, 229 + Economic affairs, impact on, 223, 225, 243 + Emergency evacuation, 223, 224 + Gale, Robert and, 233, 235, 237 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, impact on, 223, 225, 226, 230, + 231, 236 + Humanitarian assistance, 221, + 228, 230, 235, 251 + International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) response to, + 229, 230, 234, 251, 254 + International reaction, 220, + 221, 222, 225, 226, 230, + 234 + Kiev (Kyiv), impact on, 220, + 222, 223, 224 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), impact on, 225, 228, + 230, 284 + Nuclear energy safety, 221, 223, 225, + 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, + 251, 284 + Radioactive contamination of the environment, 220, 221, + 223, 224, 225, 229, 230, + 235, 237, 257 + Reactor fire, 224, 230 + Shcherbitsky, Vladimir, and, 226, 230 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 223, 228, 230, 231, + 243 + Soviet Union response to, 220, + 222, 223, 226, 229, 231, + 232, 234, 235 + Summit planning, impact on, 234, + 235 + Thermal radiation, 230 + United States response to, 221, + 222, 224, 225, 228, 230, + 234 + U.S.-Soviet relations, impact on, 232, 233, 234, 257 + Verification and verification protocols related to, 225 + Water pollution, 221, 223 + + Chernyaev, Anatoly, 240, 245, 280 + Chernyshov, Albert S., 106 + Chervov, Nikolai, 71, 263, 275 + China. See People's Republic of + China + Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 179 + Chirac, Jacques, 287 + Chulitsky, Vadim, 147 + Churkin, Vitaly, 107, 256 + CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency + Civil aviation, 23, 62, 71, 72, 134, 144, 159, 161, 204 + Cobb, Tyrus "Ty," 3, 281 + Cockell, William, 277 + Coffey, Steven, 268, 270 + Combs, Richard, 78, 222, 273, 276: + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), response to, 267 + + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union (KGB, Komitet + Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), 11, 94, 98, 109, 125, 193, 201, 281, 289: + Andropov, Yuri and, 198 + Chemical agents, 78 + Daniloff, Nicholas, arrest of, 267, 268, 270, 274, + 295 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, 48, 86, 92, 198, + 214 + Soviet military, relations with, 198 + + Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, Kommunisticheskaya + partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza), 3, 17, 109, 126, 145, 174, 226: + Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1986), + 194, 210 + + Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), 13, 29, 170, 200, 257, 281, 296, 297, 301, 306 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), 9, 29, 66, 142, 143, 146, 161, 180, 204, 208, 210, 262, 284, 291: + Chemical weapons (CW) and, 23, + 41, 71, 188, 254, 256, + 259, 286 + Confidence-building measures, 58, + 62, 71, 105 + Geneva Summit (1985), related to, 61, 62, 65, 105 + Nonuse of force included in, 28, + 29, 62, 71, 122, 135 + + Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 10, 51, 71, 161, 254, 262, 284 + Confidence-building measures (CBM), 13, + 23, 29, 60, 125, 143: + Arms control and disarmament, 146, 180, 197, 247 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), 58, 62, + 71, 105 + + Contadora, 28, 96, 186, 287, 303 + Conte, Silvio, 19 + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment system + (CORRTEX), 203, 296, 302 + Contras, 29, 48, + 61, 152, 186 + Conventional weapons, 9, 16, 50, 105, 112, 129, 133, 187, 227, 239: + Arms control and disarmament, 66, + 180, 247, 254, 280, 296 + Deterrence and, 180, 182, 185, + 197, 296 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 164 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989), and, + 182, 188, 197, 204, 212, + 254, 256, 286 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and, 197, 256, + 286 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 302 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, and, 70, 85, + 86, 97, 104, 135, 164, + 178, 258 + Verification and verification protocols, 204, 286 + + Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (1980), + 251 + Cooper, Henry "Hank," 147, 278 + Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls, 148 + Cordovez, Diego, 262: + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, mediator of, 55, 173, + 186 + + CORRTEX. See COntinuous Reflectometry for + Radius vs. Time EXperiment system + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, 58, 117 + Counterintelligence, 272 + CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet + Union + Craxi, Bettino, 44, 287 + Crocker, Chester "Chet," 186, 204 + Crowe, William, 144, 188: + Akhromeyev, Sergei counterpart to, 199 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 188 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 249 + + CTB. See Comprehensive Test Ban + Cuba, 61, 74, + 214, 282, + 287: + Angola, relations with, 28, 151, 186 + Soviet Union, relations with, 21, + 71, 86, 129 + + CW. See Chemical weapons + Dailey, Peter, 179 + Dam, Kenneth, 5, 12, 40, 44 + Daniloff, Nicholas, 267, 268, 270, 273, 274, 283: + Arrest, 267, 268, 270, 274, 295 + Espionage, allegations of, 267, + 271, 273, 274, 287 + Matlock, Jack views on, 267, + 272, 295 + Orlov, Yuri related to, 272, + 283, 288, 289, 290, 291, + 292 + Release, 277, 283, 289, + 290, 291, 292 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, 274, 279, 283, 285, + 289, 292 + Sestanovich, Stephen views on, 277 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + impact on, 270, 281 + U.S. News and World Report, employee of, 271, 274 + U.S.-Soviet relations, impact on, 270, 271, 273, 274, + 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, + 283, 285, 287, 288, 289, + 291, 292, 295 + Zakharov, Gennady, related to, 271, 272, 276, 277, + 279, 280, 283, 285, 288, + 290, 291, 292, 295 + + Deaver, Michael, 88 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), 180, 202, 238, 306, 308: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 23, 28, 124, 188, 206, + 236, 239, 247, 254, 275, + 296, 297, 305, 307 + Anti-satellite systems (ASAT) role in, 70, 71, 97, 112, + 140, 195, 257 + Arms control and disarmament and, 28, 99, 124, 131, + 176 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 28, 185, 275, 297 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 185, 236, + 264 + Research and development, and, 162, 197, 239, 258, + 264, 280, 301, 302, 304, + 305 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 28, 296, + 297, 305 + Strategic Defense Initiative, 188, 257 + + Delhi Six, 208, 286, 296 + Democratic Party, 65, 245 + Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 28, 37, 260 + Deng Xiaoping, 7 + Denmark, 220 + Denver, John, 63 + Department of Defense, 85, 148, 232, 281: + Defense budget, 57, 249 + Department of Defense Reorganization Act (1986), 249 + Department of State, relations with, 142, 161 + Geneva Summit (1985), associated with, 142 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), views on, 162, 202 + Space cooperation, views on, 262 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, response to, 86, 91 + Technology transfer, 142 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 116, + 161, 264 + + Department of Energy (DOE), 148, 237, 264, 296 + Department of Justice, 268, 274 + Department of State, 63, 64, 73, 264, 268, 270, 272, 296: + Department of Defense, relations with, 142, 161 + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), response + to, 13 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 298, 301 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 14, + 20, 73, 190, 207, 218, + 267 + + Detente, 7, 141, + 148: + Reagan administration (1981–1988) response to, 2, 87, 143, 193, + 211 + + Deterrence, 70, 92, 93, 135, 138, 146, 154, 239, 243, 258, 286, 302: + Conventional weapons, and, 180, + 182, 185, 197, 296 + Strategic defenses, 77, 158, 239, + 243, 286 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, 86, 97, + 99, 104, 133, 158, 197, + 203, 284 + + Detinov, Nikolai, 8, 263, 275 + Disinformation, 3, 303: + U.S.-Soviet relations, role in, 303 + + Divided families: + Nudel, Ida associated with, 28, + 29, 136, 283, 289 + Shcharanskiy, Anatoly associated with, 136, 168, 175, 181, + 193, 194, 285 + + Dobrynin, Anatoly, 7, 10, 11, 20, 101, 106, 136, 178, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 212, 235, 246, 247, 268: + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 154 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 252 + Kendall, Don, meeting with, 40 + Kennedy, Edward "Ted," meeting with, 184 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 24 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 40, 44, + 128, 208 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 212 + Retirement, 208, 210, 212 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 13, + 18, 22, 35, 36, 43, 46, 52, + 55, 83, 90, 167, 174, 184, 194, + 212 + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 138 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, Helsinki), + participant in, 71 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 134 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October 1985, New York), + participant in, 122 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, New York), + participant in, 99 + Soviet private channel, and, 14, + 51, 111, 114, 115, 206 + United States, former ambassador to, 241 + + DOE. See Department of Energy + Dole, Robert "Bob," 245 + Dubinin, Yuri, 256, 262, 268, 276: + Reagan administration (1981–1988), access to, 241, 247 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 246 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + Shultz-Bessmertnykh meeting (July 1986, Washington), + participant in, 257, 260 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 244 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, New York), + participant in, 292 + United States, ambassador to, 241, 251, 273 + + Duke University, 214 + Eagleburger, Lawrence, 88 + Eastern Europe, 219: + Council for Mutual Economic Assistance impact on, 117 + Soviet Union, relations with, 37, + 48, 117, 214, 227 + + East Germany. See German Democratic + Republic + East-West relations, 8, 9, 50, 58, 74, 80, 87, 112, 122, 141, 160, 197, 211, 278 + Economic affairs: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 223, 225, + 243 + Economic cooperation, 116 + Economic reform, 17, 37, 48, + 66, 209, 214, 215, 278 + + Egypt, 163, 165, 287 + Eisenhower, Dwight, 157: + Khrushchev, Nikita, meeting with, 212 + + Emigration, 9, 11, 26, 28, + 29, 119, 169, 246, 275, 287: + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, 61, 62 + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 11 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, 5, 6, 11, 17, 29, 100, + 129, 283 + Most Favored Nation status, precursor to, 17, 28, + 29 + U.S.-Soviet trade relations, impact on, 31, 32, 38, 95, + 168, 169, 303 + + Energy technology, 17 + England. See United Kingdom + Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 144 + Environmental research, 190 + EPA. See Environmental Protection + Agency + Ermarth, Fritz, 49, 58, 133, 242, 253 + Espionage, 12, 13, 28, 268, 270, 276, 295: + Daniloff, Nicholas allegations of, 267, 271, 273, 274, + 287 + Zakharov, Gennady allegations of, 283, 287 + + Ethiopia, 5, 6, + 219 + Eureka College, 86 + Europe, 117, 155, 223, 225, 234, 238, 247: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 8, 27, 46, 122, + 124, 135, 177, 185, 188, + 197, 212, 248, 256, 257, + 259, 263, 275, 284, 296, + 297, 299 + European Community, 129 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 97, 242, + 284 + Strategic offensive arms reductions in, 180, 247, + 280, 286, 301, 302, 305, + 307 + U.S.-NATO relations, and, 13, + 32, 99, 129, 157, 164, + 176, 182, 189, 195, 262 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 28, + 41, 112, 151, 205, 214, + 219 + + European Parliament, 47 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), 263, 266, 275 + Expert-level talks on regional issues (1986), 257, 260 + Export Administration Act (1979), 169 + Family reunification, 13, 50, 100, 114, 119, 121, 129, 137, 139, 156, 175, 239, 245, 246 + Fascell, Dante, 213, 234 + FBI. See Federal Bureau of + Investigation + FBS. See Forward-based systems + Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 267, 274 + Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), 16, + 23, 151, 306: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), response to, 222, 230 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 182 + Kohl, Helmut leader of, 194, + 225, 236 + Soviet Union, relations with, 214 + West German Greens, 220, 223 + + Feltsman, Vladimir, 181 + Finland, 221 + First strike capability, 23, 43, 245 + Five-Year Plan for 1986–90, 110, 209 + Ford, Gerald, 212 + Forward-based systems (FBS), 131, 135, 152, 162, 302 + "Four-part agenda": + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, 64, 67, 94, 95, + 97, 140, 250 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), and, 52, 64, 139, 235 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 27, 52, 55, + 178, 274, 297, 300 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), included in, 300, 301 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 13, + 15, 27, 137, 161, 174, + 190, 197, 298 + + France, 22, 23, + 65, 117, 122, 130, 178, 200, 201, 202, 249, 283: + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, 188, + 191, 192 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, and, 6, 8, 46, 99, 131, 162, + 180 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, and, 180, 187, + 197, 205, 212, 239, 280, + 286, 296, 301, 302, 306 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems in, 71, 84, + 99, 130, 153, 161, 162, + 164, 177, 178 + + FRG. See Federal Republic of Germany + FSLN. See Sandinista National Liberation + Front + Fuller, Craig, 206 + Fylingdales radar, 122, 140, 284 + G–7 Economic Summit (1986), 214, 251 + Gaffney, Frank, 97 + Gale, Robert, 233, 235, 237 + Gandhi, Rajiv, 46, 55, 71 + Garang, John, 219 + Gates, Robert, 39, 86, 249, 253 + GDR. See German Democratic Republic + Geneva Exchanges Initiative, 218 + Geneva Summit (1985), 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 43, 93, 97, 99, 105, 152, 153, + 157 + Arms control and disarmament, 52, + 82, 92, 93, 95, 123, 135, 142, + 160, 208 + Arms Control Support Group views on, 97, 142 + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) response to, 160 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–) related to, + 61, 62, 65, 105 + Department of Defense associated with, 142 + "Four-part agenda" included in, 64, 67, 94, 95, + 97, 140, 250 + Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, 150, 151, 152, 153, + 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + Hopkins, William interpreter for, 155, 159 + Human rights and, 119, 123, 136, + 137, 143, 144, 168 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989) and, 65, 66, + 105, 135 + National Security Council (NSC) views on, 73, 94 + National Security Planning Group (NSPG) views on, 73, 146 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 80, 84, + 99, 122, 124, 127, 134, + 158, 164, 165, 166, 176, + 190 + Palazhchenko, Pavel interpreter for, 159 + Reagan, Ronald participant in, 150, 151, 152, 153, + 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + Regional issues and, 94, 95, 96, + 120, 122, 135, 140, 144, + 160, 161, 163, 165, 172, + 173, 197 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, 151, 152, 154, 155, + 157, 158, 159 + Shultz, George participant in, 151, 152, 154, 155, + 157, 158, 159 + Soviet private channel and, 114, + 115, 128 + Summit planning, 33, 34, 43, + 52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 66, 71, + 73, 75, 76, 81, 83, 86, 88, + 93, 94, 97, 100, 107, 121, 122, + 126, 132, 140, 143, 144, + 149 + Uspensky, Nikolai interpreter for, 150, 151, 153, 156, + 157 + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues included in, 96, 127, + 144, 149, 158, 204 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 71, + 73, 80, 84, 94, 132, 135, 158, + 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, + 169, 176, 187, 190, 191, + 192, 200, 204, 205, 208, + 210, 234, 235, 239, 246, + 247, 254, 280, 292, 294, + 301 + Zarechnak, Dimitri interpreter for, 150, 151, 156, 157, + 158 + + Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 257 + George, Clair, 98 + George, Douglas, 178, 266 + Georgia, 107, 292 + German Democratic Republic (GDR), 186, + 286, 287, + 306: + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), and, 12, 13, + 15, 22, 23, 62 + + Glasnost, 226 + GLBM. See Ground-launched ballistic + missiles + GLCM. See Ground-launched cruise + missiles + Glitman, Maynard "Mike," 8: + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 275 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), + expert on, 85, 124 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4 + U.S. Nuclear Space Talks delegation, member of, 4, 124 + + Gomel radar, 140 + Goodby, James, 55, 62 + Gorbachev, Mikhail: + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, 37, + 48, 155, 159, 214 + American Union of Concerned Scientists, correspondence + with, 58, 71 + Arms control and disarmament, views on, 10, 19, 125, 138, + 139, 145, 177, 178, 215, + 247, 278, 301, 308 + Baldrige, Malcolm, meeting with, 32, 36, 38, 71, + 169 + Brezhnev, Leonid, compared to, 143, 215, 242 + Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 1, 2, 9, 10, 15 + Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) views on, 160 + Chernenko, Konstantin, and, 54 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 223, 225, + 226, 230, 231, 236 + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union, relations + with, 48, 86, 92, 198, 214 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1986), + speaker at, 191, 200, 204, + 209, 212, 214, 215, 240, + 242, 254 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), and, 273, 276, 280 + East-West trade, views on, 87, + 110, 168 + Economic reform, advocate for, 3, + 37, 48, 66, 209, 214, 215, 278 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 150, 151, 152, 153, + 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, author of, 177, 178, 183, + 187, 188, 191, 192, 204 + Gromyko, Andrei, and, 34, 36, 45, + 47, 51, 114 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), views on, 32, 87 + O'Neill, Thomas "Tip," meeting with, 15, 19, 29, 138 + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, meeting with, 48 + People's Republic of China (PRC)-Soviet relations, + advocate for, 260 + Politburo, relations with, 48, + 179, 183, 191, 209, 260, + 278, 294 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 87, 138, + 150, 198, 209, 239, 252, + 278, 294 + Reagan, Nancy, and, 159 + Reagan, Ronald + correspondence with, 1, + 10, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 41, 46, 68, 69, 84, 115, 120, 127, 128, 163, 166, 168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 203, 208, 213, 235, 247, 251, 254, 271, 273, 280 + meeting with, 150, 151, 152, 153, 301, 302, 306, 308 + + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 301, 302, + 306, 308, 309 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, and, 34, 45, 53, + 230 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, and, 54 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 5, + 71, 99, 100, 122, 134, + 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, + 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, + 288, 289, 292 + Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 17, 29, 36, 47, + 48, 54, 79, 112, 126, 145, 150, + 179, 183, 191, 200, 209, + 215, 242, 253, 260, 278, + 294 + Soviet government reform, proponent of, 215 + Soviet grain embargo (1979), response to, 151, 169 + Soviet hardliners, relations with, 40, 48, 143, 145, + 215, 239, 240, 242, 243 + Soviet military, relations with, 17, 145, 183, 209, + 242 + Space-strike arms, views on, 69, + 81, 84, 105, 152, 154, + 160, 161, 162, 163, 172, + 177, 195, 280, 301, 302 + Strategic Defense Initiative, views on, 41, 46, 69, 81, + 87, 114, 125, 131, 138, + 157, 160 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, 3, 5, 151, 155, 306 + TIME magazine, 81, 89, 90, + 101, 111, 112, 129, 132 + United States, invited to, 165, + 167, 172, 174, 184, 190 + U.S.-Soviet relations + impact on, 3, 9, 37, + 61, 278 + views on, 5, 10, 125, 138, 150, 151, 155, 160, 169, 172, 208, 215, 234, 246, 252, 301 + + Zia, Muhammad, relations with, 7 + + Gorbachev, Raisa, 16, 48, 71, 75, 83, 155, 163, 297 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the Year + 2000, 135, 154, + 158, 306: + Arms control and disarmament, 177, 178, 179, 180, + 182, 185, 187, 195, 299 + Arms Control Support Group views on, 185 + Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1986), + impact on, 191 + Federal Republic of Germany, impact on, 182 + France, impact on, 182, 185, 188, + 191, 192 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), + impact on, 196, 204, 212, + 296, 301, 302 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) views on, 188 + Linkage included in, 185, 194 + Military balance, impact on, 180, 182, 185, 187, + 188, 301, 305 + National Security Planning Group (NSPG) response to, 188, 196 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), related to, 183, 185, + 187, 188, 194, 264 + People's Republic of China, impact on, 185 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) response to, 179, 185, + 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, + 196 + Soviet SS-20s in Asia, 188, 205, 239, + 280, 286, 301, 305, 306, + 307 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 185, 187, 188, 195, + 302 + Thatcher, Margaret views on, 192 + United Kingdom, impact on, 182, + 185, 188, 191, 192 + U.S.-NATO relations, impact on, 182, 185, 188, 189, + 194 + + Gordievskiy, Oleg, 125, 198, 261 + Gosplan, 110, 287: + Baybakov, Nikolai head of, 48 + + Great Britain. See United Kingdom + Grinevskiy, Oleg, 55, 204: + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), ambassador + to, 256 + Conventional weapons, and, 256, + 259, 262 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), participant + in, 147 + + Grishin, Viktor, 198 + Grobel, Olaf, 193 + Gromyko, Andrei, 1, 5, 7, 8, + 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 135, 257, 280, 286: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 34, 36, 45, + 47, 51, 114 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 9 + Shevardnadze, Eduard and, 53, + 54, 55, 101 + Shultz, George, meeting with, 28, + 30, 32 + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 24, 51, 59 + Supreme Soviet, head of, 53, 54 + United Nations General Assembly, present at, 33, 35 + + Ground-launched ballistic missiles (GLBM), 124 + Ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM), 124, 135, 153, 185, 275, 282, 283, 296, 297 + Guhin, Michael, 178 + Gulf of Sidra, 167, 212 + Guyana, 21 + Haig, Alexander, 9 + Haile Selassie, 152 + Hammer, Armand, 59, 233 + Hartman, Arthur, 11, 20, 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 56, 62, 103, 106, 191, 192, 216: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, 9, 237 + Central Committee, access to, 114, 241 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 252 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 29 + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 9 + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 149, 165, 210, 228 + Soviet Union, ambassador to, 5, + 44, 100, 121, 128, 136, + 169, 250, 256, 257, 289 + + Hawes, John, 8, 206 + Helms, Jesse, 16 + Helsinki Acts (1975): + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 5, 23, 68, + 71, 158, 291 + + Helsinki Final Act (1975): + Human rights, 9, 156, 303 + + Heuven, Marten Van, 44 + Hill, M. Charles, 5, 56, 137, 138, 139, 178, 260, 290, 304 + Hofdi House, 300, 303, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 + Holmes, H. Allen, 44, 180, 182, 207, 238, 250: + Nuclear testing, and, 262 + + Hoover Institute, 138, 143, 214 + Hopkins, William: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, 155, 159 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), interpreter for, 302, 303 + + Horowitz, Lawrence "Larry," 59, 65: + Pavlov, Andrei, meeting with, 245 + Soviet private channel, role in, 59, 66, 184, 245 + + Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 257, 287 + Humanitarian assistance, 28, 221, 222, 224, 287 + Human rights: + Dual national, and, 11, 22, 136, + 137, 168, 256 + Emigration, 9, 11, 35, 38, 61, + 69, 95, 119, 169, 246, + 275, 287 + Family reunification, and, 13, + 55, 100, 114, 119, 121, + 129, 136, 137, 139, 156, + 168, 175, 239, 245, 246, + 257, 287 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 119, + 123, 136, 137, 143, 144, + 168 + Helsinki Final Act (1975), 9, 156, 303 + Human rights violations, 143 + Immigration, 136 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, 5, 6, 11, 29, 100, 119, + 129, 136, 283 + Journalism, 274 + Most Favored Nation status, related to, 32 + Refuseniks, 11, 38, 283, + 290, 292 + Religious freedom, 156, 168, 283 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 293, 301, 303 + Sakharov, Andrei advocate for, 29, 283 + Soviet Union and, 38, 60, 136, + 175 + United States and, 169, 303 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 5, + 6, 11, + 30, 32, 71, 136, 137, 143, 175, + 181, 245, 262, 283, 303 + U.S.-Soviet trade relations, impact on, 17, 26, 31, 94, + 100, 108, 114, 129, 136, + 156, 161, 167, 168, 169, + 175, 181, 306 + Visas, 136, 175, 245 + Women's rights, 156 + + Hungary, 220 + Hussein bin Talal, 287 + Hussein, Saddam, 186 + IAEA. See International Atomic Energy + Agency + ICBM. See Intercontinental ballistic + missile + Iceland, 283, 285, 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 298, 300 + Iklé, Fred, 86, 87, 94, 148, 161, 162, 243 + Immigration, 136, 169, 283, 303 + Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972) (INCSEA), 65, 108, 144, 232 + INCSEA. See Incidents at Sea Agreement + (1972) + Institute of U.S. and Canadian Studies (Soviet), 49, 111 + Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), 8, 28, 49, 124, 134, 152, 157, 162, 172, 254, 264, 284, 304, 305: + Midgetman ICBM, 77, 98, 185, + 188 + Minuteman ICBM, 70, 131 + SS–18 ICBM, 195, 296, 302, + 308 + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + + Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic + Offensive Weapons (1972), 5, 45, 46, 247 + Interim Restraint proposal, 135 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces: + SS–20 ICBM, 282, 299, 302 + + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 188, 227, 278 + Arms control and disarmament and, 6, 62, 70, 97, + 108, 129, 183, 189, 192, + 196, 206, 213, 239, 278, + 296 + Conventional weapons and, 164 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) and, 28, 185, + 275, 297 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 196, 204, 212, + 296, 301, 302 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and, 8, 50, 87, 97, + 112, 114, 124, 131, 134, + 157, 176, 296, 301 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 162, 189, + 202, 204, 206, 282 + Nuclear testing, 157 + Pershing II missile, 27, 172, 185, + 195, 248, 275, 282, 283, + 296, 297, 299, 302 + Potential interim agreement, 108, 124, 131, 134, + 135, 153, 176, 185, 188, + 194, 228, 247, 254, 257, + 258, 262, 263, 264, 283, + 286, 296, 297, 302, 306 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 292, 293 + Soviet SS-20s in Asia, 98, 99, 112, + 114, 124, 131, 135, 157, + 176, 185, 188, 212, 262, + 286, 297, 302, 304 + Soviet suspension of talks (1983), 132 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 6, 27, 98, 127, + 208, 212, 245, 246, 247, + 256, 257, 264, 275, 282, + 293, 296, 297, 302, 304, + 305, 306 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and, 70, 80, 87, 97, + 98, 131, 153, 202, 206, + 243, 286, 309 + Verification and verification protocols included in, 188, 191, + 210, 296, 299, 302 + + International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 122, 225: + Blix, Hans head of, 229 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), response to, 229, 230, + 234, 251, 254 + + International Court of Justice, 201 + Iran, 9, 17, 28, 37, 54, 87, 122, 135, 214, 287 (see also Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)) + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), 17, 18, 29, 256, 287, 303: + Chemical weapons (CW) and, 23, + 28, 62, 71, 108, 122, 135, 140, + 257 + Soviet Union and, 303 + United Nations Security Council and, 287, 288 + U.S.-Soviet relations and, 28, + 138 + + Iraq, 28, 122, + 262, 287 + (see also Iran-Iraq War + (1980–1988)) + Isakov, Viktor, 106, 181, 255 + Islam, 159 + Israel, 28, 58, + 66, 87, 119, 136, 156, 193, 287, 303 + Italy, 201 + Izvestiya, 178 + Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 11, 32: + Emigration, 11 + + Japan, 8, 28, + 151: + Soviet Union, relations with, 260 + + JCC. See Joint Commercial Commission + JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union: + Human rights, 5, 6, 11, 29, 100, + 119, 129, 136, 283 + + Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 138, 160 + Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 27, 97, 146, 264, 296, 297: + Arms control and disarmament, views on, 104 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 188 + Vessey, John W., Jr. chair of, 92, 104 + + Joint Commercial Commission (JCC), 13, + 26, 31: + U.S.-Soviet trade relations, mediator of, 23, 28, + 55, 62 + + Jordan, 287 + Kalb, Bernard, 260, 292, 303 + Kampelman, Max, 44, 65, 66, 99, 124, 202, 238, 258, 296: + Arms control and disarmament, expert on, 202 + Defense and Space, expert on, 124 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 266, 275 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4, + 238, 255, 259, 302 + + Kampuchea, 28, 71, 72, 94, 186: + International Conference on Kampuchea (1981), 186 + + Karpov, Viktor, 7, 29, 256, 260, 286, 307: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 147 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 266, 275 + Glitman, Maynard "Mike" counterpart to, 4 + Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 4, + 238, 255, 259, 302 + McFarlane, Robert "Bud" counterpart to, 8, 28, 29 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), participant in, 8, 202 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + participant in, 284 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), participant + in, 147 + Tower, John counterpart to, 4, + 58 + + Kashlev, Yuri, 256 + Keel, Alton "Al," Jr., 295, 299 + Kelly, John, 52 + Kendall, Don, 40 + Kennedy, Edward "Ted," 59, 194: + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 184 + Soviet private channel, role in, 245 + + Kennedy, John F., 306: + Khrushchev, Nikita, meeting with, 45, 212 + + Kennedy, Richard, 13, 237 + Keyworth, George A., II, 178 + KGB. See Committee for State Security, + Soviet Union + Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 159 + Khrushchev, Nikita, 126, 215, 240, 242: + Eisenhower, Dwight, meeting with, 212 + Kennedy, John F., meeting with, 45, 212 + + Kiev (Kyiv), 13, 134: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 220, 222, + 223, 224 + + Kishilov, Nikolai, 147 + Kissinger, Henry, 66, 138, 169: + Arbatov, Georgii, meeting with, 111 + + Klinghoffer, Leon, 122 + Kochetkov, Vassiliy, 165 + Kohl, Helmut, 122, 193, 229, 233, 287: + Federal Republic of Germany, leader of, 194, 225, + 236 + + Kommunist, 242 + Komplektov, Viktor, 24, 135, 167 + Korea. See Democratic People's Republic of + Korea; Republic of Korea + Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown (1983), 13, 17, 231, 239, 257, 272: + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), compared + to, 13, 22 + + Korniyenko, Georgiy, 11, 23, 69, 100, 102, 106, 108, 272: + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 154, 159 + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, Washington), + participant in, 105 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, Helsinki), + participant in, 99 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 135, 136 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, negotiator of, 191 + + Kosygin, Alexei, 138, 204 + Kraemer, Sven, 8, 296 + Krasnoyarsk radar, 22, 104, 122, 146, 238, 302 + Kremlin, 245 + Krimer, William, 152, 153 + Kruzhina, Nikolai, 65 + Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 198 + Kurile Islands, 28 + Kurth, Ronald, 232 + Kuznetsov, Vadim, 9, 255, 259, 270, 276, 286, 287 + Kvitsinskiy, Yuliy, 98, 296: + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), negotiator of, 202, 236 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 135 + + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986), 216, 217, 219 + Laxalt, Paul, 245 + Lebanon, 18, 28, + 46, 114, 122, 135, 303 + Lehman, Ronald, 76, 85, 178, 189, 284: + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 275 + + Lenczowski, John, 3, 126, 211 + Leningrad, 25 + Lenin, Vladimir, 37, 74, 105, 306 + Libya, 9, 165, + 212, 214, + 303: + Chemical weapons, 173 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 219, 228, + 240, 287 + Terrorists and terrorism, 57, + 167, 174, 216 + United States bombing of Libya (April 1986), 219 + + Ligachev, Yegor, 226 + Linhard, Robert, 8, 64, 85, 106, 178, 189, 238, 281, 307, 308: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 255, 262 + Arms Control Support Group, participant in, 91 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 266, 275 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 249 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), negotiator + of, 256 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 304 + + Lomeiko, Viktor B., 106 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces (LRINF), 27, 114, 131, 135, 164, 176, 180, 185, 206, 254, 263, 264, 275, 282, 283, 284, 296, 306: + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, and, 122, 284 + United States INF deployments (1983), 8, 50, 58, 97, + 124, 135, 157, 197, 286 + + Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 38, + 129, 301, + 306 + Louis, Victor, 198 + LRINF. See Long-range intermediate nuclear + forces + Lusaka Accords (1984), 28 + Malta, 219 + Maltsev, Viktor, 204 + Maritime boundaries, 71, 165 + Marshall, Andrew, 214 + Marshall, George, 94 + Martin, John, 193 + Massie, Suzanne, 47 + Matlock, Jack, 51, 73, 85, 103, 106, 121, 136, 149, 231, 256, 294, 295, 302: + Arms Control Support Group, participant in, 91 + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, and, 259 + Daniloff, Nicholas, views on, 267, 272, 295 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 24 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + meeting with, 32 + views on, 20, 39, 265 + + Human rights, views on, 38 + Menshikov, Stanislav, meeting with, 114 + Mock Memorandum, author of, 240, + 248 + Regional issues, views on, 21 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, views on, 205 + Shultz-Ryzhkov meeting (March 1986, Stockholm), views on, + 205 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, Helsinki), and, + 67 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 24 + Summit planning, views on, 14, + 24, 45, 47, 64, 85, 96, 205 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 26, + 33, 34, 36, 39, 47, 60, 66, + 94, 96, 148, 161, 178, + 184, 191, 209, 240, 245, + 248, 253, 259, 265, 300 + + McClellan, Irina, 175 + McDaniel, Rodney, 281 + McFarlane, Robert "Bud," 20, 34, 39, 61, 62, 76, 101, 103, 106, 121, 137, 178, 238: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 43, 44, 82, 118, + 138 + Arms Control Support Group, and, 91, 161 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 154, 155 + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 8, + 28, 29 + National Security Council, and, 94, 144 + Nitze, Paul, meeting with, 82 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 44, 86 + Reagan-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, Washington), + participant in, 105 + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 138 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, Helsinki), views + on, 57 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 135 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October 1985, New York), + participant in, 122 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, New York), + participant in, 99 + Summit planning, and, 27, 51 + + + McLean, Martin, 165 + McSweeney, Bill, 59 + Meehan, Frank, 193 + Meese, Edwin "Ed," 146, 188 + Meiman, Naum, 283 + Menshikov, Stanislav, 7, 114 + MFN. See Most Favored Nation status + Michel, Robert, 19, 94 + Middle East, + Peace plan, 18, 87, 303 + Regional issues, 9, 21, 22, + 28, 42, 65, 71, 96, 122, 135, + 186, 287 + Weinberger, Caspar and, 256 + + + Midgetman ICBM, 77, 98, 185, 188 + Mikhailov, Valerian, 256, 259 + Mikol'chak, Vitaliy, 228, 256, 286, 287: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues, expert on, 262 + + + Military balance, + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 180, 182, 185, + 187, 188, 301, 305 + Strategic defenses, impact on, 92, 104, 105, 118, + 133, 157 + U.S.-Soviet relations related to, 92, 99, 104, 105, + 129, 143, 151, 185, 187, + 197 + + + Military budget: + Reagan administration (1981–1988) impact on, 80, 138, + 143, 236 + Soviet, 151, 214, 236, 243, 278 + + + Military buildup, + Impact on U.S.-Soviet relations, 151, 152 + + + Military capabilities: + Soviet, 110, 125, 133, 145, 227, + 239 + + + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), 13, 105: + Department of State response to, 13 + Espionage, allegations of, 12 + German Democratic Republic (GDR) and, 12, 13, 15, 22, + 23, 62 + Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown (1983), compared to, + 13, 22 + Nicholson, Arthur associated with, 13, 135 + Soviet Union response to, 12, + 13 + United States response to, 13 + U.S.-Soviet relations, impact on, 15, 17, 22, 23, + 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 41, 42, + 46, 55, 71, 94, 101 + + + Military Liaison Mission (MLM), 186 + Military-to-military contacts: + U.S.-Soviet relations and, 232 + + + Mitterand, François, 66, 87, 94, 129, 164 + MLM. See Military Liaison Mission + Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 24 + Mongolia, 260 + Morocco, 219 + Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 17, + 28, 29, 31, 32 + Mozambique, 5 + Mshvenieradze, Vladimir, 242 + Mubarak, Hosni, 57 + Mujahideen, 61: + Military assistance and sales, 186 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 17, 65, 87, 209 + + + Multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicle (MIRV), 29, 99, 138, 162, 258, 296, 301, 305 + Murphy, Richard, 184, 256, 262 + Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989), 9, 28, 55, 71, 122, 146, 161, 166, 180, 183, 208, 210, 257, 262: + Conventional weapons and, 182, + 188, 197, 204, 212, 254, + 256, 286 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 65, + 66, 105, 135 + + + MX missile, 16, 98, 131, 146, 185, 188, 248 + Nakasone Yasuhiro, 7, 122, 214, 297 + Namibia, 18, 28, + 96, 287: + National independence, 173 + + + National Conference on Soviet Jewry, 262 + National Institutes of Health, 78, 190 + National Security Council (NSC), 63, 82, 144, 207, 216, 241, 281, 298: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 73, 94 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 3, + 81, 297 + McFarlane, Robert "Bud" and, 94, + 144 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 3, + 144 + + + National Security Decision Directive: + NSDD 169, "U.S.-USSR Joint Commercial Commission + Meetings," 31 + NSDD 183, "Meeting with Soviet Leader in Geneva," 73 + NSDD 194, "Meeting with Soviet Leader in Geneva," 123 + NSDD 195, "The US Position: Nuclear and Space Talks," 124 + NSDD 203, "Nuclear Testing Limitation," 171 + NSDD 205, "Instructions for the Fourth Round of the + US/Soviet Negotiations in Geneva," 176 + NSDD 209, "Implementing Decisions of the Geneva Summit," + 190 + NSDD 223, "Implementing the Geneva Exchanges Initiative," + 218 + NSDD 232, "Preparations for the Next NST Negotiating + Round," 264 + NSDD 245, "Reagan-Gorbachev Preparatory Meeting," 298 + + + National Security Planning Group (NSPG), 189: + Geneva Summit (1985), views on, 73, 146 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, response to, 188, 196 + Meetings, 188, 239, 243 + + + NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty + Organization + Nicaragua, 5, 6, + 17, 172, 240, 287: + Afghanistan, relations with, 7 + Regional issues, 186 + Soviet Union, relations with, 7, + 28, 96, 152 + + + Nicholson, Arthur, 15, 22, 29, 30, 281, 283: + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), associated + with, 13, 135 + + + Nitze, Paul, 71, 103, 136, 146, 188, 189, 192, 196, 231, 266, 293: + Arms control and disarmament, expert on, 27, 28, + 43, 50, 56, 62, 82, 102, 140, + 162, 164, 178, 249, 254, + 255, 258 + Chautauqua Conference (1985), speaker at, 97 + Crowe, William, meeting with, 249 + Defense and Space, and, 50, 99, 202 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 275 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, response to, 178 + Linhard, Robert, meeting with, 249 + McFarlane, Robert "Bud," meeting with, 82 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 146, 188 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 302, 304, + 305 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), + participant in, 135, 140 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, New York), + participant in, 99 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + participant in, 284 + Soviet private channel, role in, 111, 114, 206, 209 + Space-strike arms, views on, 99 + Teller, Edward, meeting with, 249 + Wade, Jim, meeting with, 249 + + Nixon, Richard, 66, 70, 71, 214: + Brezhnev, Leonid, meeting with, 212 + Linkage, and, 138, 143, 239 + Soviet Union, relations with, 129, 239 + + + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see + also U.S.-NATO relations): + Arms control and disarmament, and, 8, 112, 182, 185, + 196, 278, 301, 306 + Conventional weapons, and, 197, + 256, 286 + Flexible response, 70 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 8, 50, + 87, 97, 112, 114, 124, + 131, 134, 157, 176, 296, + 301 + Shultz, George report to, 118, + 236, 263, 275 + Soviet Union, relations with, 9, + 28, 50, 80, 97, 129, 198 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 7, + 9, 17, + 70, 80, 124, 135, 209, + 239, 249, 278, 286, 296 + + + North Korea. See Democratic People's + Republic of Korea + Norway, 220 + NPT. See Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NRRC. See Nuclear Risk Reduction + Centers + NSC. See National Security Council + NSPG. See National Security Planning + Group + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 1, + 4, 5, 13, 15, 71, 146, 244, 250, 259: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 29, 124 + Ballistic missiles and, 8, 27, 28, + 50, 82, 85, 97, 99, 111, 112, + 124, 131, 134, 157, 169, + 178, 185, 197, 275, 286, + 293, 296 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 225, 228, + 230, 284 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 185, 236, + 264 + Department of Defense views on, 162, 202 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 80, + 84, 99, 122, 124, 127, + 134, 158, 164, 165, 166, + 176, 190 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 32, + 87 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 related to, 183, 185, 187, + 188, 194, 264 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 162, 189, 202, 204, 206, + 282 + Kvitsinskiy, Yuliy negotiator of, 202, 236 + Linkage associated with, 22, 28, 41, + 62, 70 + Planning meeting, 4 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 15, 209 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, 292, 306 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, Geneva) impact on, + 4, 23, + 43, 71, 157 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), and, 112, 113, + 121, 122, 127, 138 + Soviet Nuclear and Space Talks delegation, 176, 275 + Soviet SS-20s in Asia included in, 28, 66, 71, 124, + 131, 134, 135, 152, 176, + 188 + Space Research Institute, 49 + Space-strike arms related to, 22, + 28, 41, 43, 50, 58, 99, 101, + 121, 122, 163, 210, 245 + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979) and, 46, 250 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 162, 202, + 264, 284, 293, 296, 297 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and, 6, 19, 23, 28, + 29, 41, 43, 46, 50, 62, 65, + 69, 70, 98, 99, 160, 200 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, 90, 92, 95, 99, + 101, 105, 111, 112, 113, + 131, 135, 138, 140, 153, + 154, 158, 162, 172, 176, + 177, 180, 188, 195, 204, + 206, 227, 238, 246, 247, + 257, 258 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal (1985), 134, 140, + 157 + U.S. Nuclear Space Talks delegation, 176, 250, 266, 275 + Weapon destruction included in, 28 + + + Nuclear energy safety: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), 221, 223, 225, 228, + 229, 230, 233, 234, 251, + 284 + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown (1979), 228, 229, + 251 + + + Nuclear nonproliferation, 29 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), 256 + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRC), 177, 190, 203, 204, 255, 259, 262, 281, 286, 287, 293, 302 + Nuclear testing: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal and, 17, 23, + 65, 135, 152, 227, 236, + 239, 249, 254, 284, 296, + 301, 305, 306, 307, 308 + Anti-satellite systems (ASAT) and, 95, 99, 102, 122, + 296 + COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment + system (CORRTEX), applied to, 203, + 296, 302 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), 157 + Nuclear weapon control, 71, 140, 157, + 180, 197, 204, 205, 212, + 264, 280, 299, 305 + On-site inspections related to, 64, 68, 76, 77, + 160, 170, 203 + Reagan, Ronald, and, 171, 203, 213, + 246, 254, 264 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 293, 306 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium, 71, 72, 76, 81, + 84, 99, 114, 121, 122, + 166, 177, 183, 207, 239, + 240, 262, 263, 265, 286, + 296, 297, 306 + Soviet Union and, 207, 208, 212, + 265, 280, 286, 296 + Strategic defenses, and, 8, 213, 243, + 248, 249, 255, 264, 299, + 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, related to, 286, 296, + 301, 302, 305, 306 + United States participant in, 207 + Verification and verification protocols, 166, 170, + 171, 177, 203, 204, 205, + 212, 247, 257, 262, 265, + 286, 305, 306 + + + NPT. See Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of + Nuclear Weapons (1968) + NRRC. See Nuclear Risk Reduction + Centers + NSC. See National Security Council + NSPG. See National Security Planning + Group + Nudel, Ida, 28, 29, 136, 283, 289 + Nunn, Sam, 70, 81: + Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, establisher of, 135, 161 + + + Oakley, Robert, 61, 217, 256, 262 + Obukhov, Alexey, 256: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 262 + Defense and Space, and, 255 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 275 + Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs, interpreter for, 204 + + + Occidental Petroleum Corporation, 59 + Ogarkov, Nikolai, 17, 214 + Oil: + Oil prices, 214, 306 + + + Olmer, Lionel, 38 + Olympic Games (1988), 287 + O'Neill, Thomas "Tip," 16, 18, 23, 32: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 15, 19, 29, 138 + + + On-site inspections, 71, 99, 134, 183, 188, 197, 204, 296: + Nuclear testing, related to, 64, + 68, 76, 77, 160, 170, 203 + Verification and verification protocols, included in, 89, 166, + 177, 180, 280, 284, 299, + 301, 302 + + + Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, 306 + Orlov, Yuri, 5, 168, 175, 181: + Daniloff, Nicholas, related to, 272, 283, 288, 289, + 290, 291, 292 + Zakharov, Gennady, related to, 283, 288, 289, 290, + 291, 292 + + + Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, 29, 48 + Outer space, 28, 41, 84, 85, 105, 135, 138, 284, 286, 302, 308: + Arms race in, 8, 9, 71, 99, 151, + 152, 153, 157, 177, 247 + Outer Space Treaty (1967), 255, + 284 + + + Pacific air safety, 13, 29, 31, 55, 61, 72, 122, 134, 140, 144 + Pacific Air Safety Agreement (1985), 71, + 72, 94 + Pakistan, 17, 299: + Afghanistan and, 7, 21, 23, + 41, 42, 55, 96, 157, 186 + People's Republic of China (PRC)-Soviet relations, and, + 7 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 7, 41, 212, 287 + United States, diplomatic relations with, 21, 23, + 42, 262 + + + Palazhchenko, Pavel, 28, 106: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, 159 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + interpreter for, 302, + 306, 307 + notetaker for, 308 + + + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, interpreter for, 284, 285, + 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + + + Palmer, Robie Marcus Hooker "Mark," 11, + 13, 45, 59, 62, 85, 96, 181, 193, 206: + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 47, + 191, 217 + Soviet private channel, and, 59, + 67, 114 + + + Pan American World Airways, 55, 72, 159: + Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking (September 1986), 272, 287 + + + Parris, Mark, 178, 217, 250, 256, 276, 302: + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, notetaker for, 204 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 191, 217 + + + Pascoe, Boris "Lynn," 272 + Patolichev, Nikolai, 169: + Baldrige, Malcolm counterpart to, 26, 31 + Joint Commercial Commission, participant in, 32 + + + Pavlov, Andrei, 245 + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976) (PNET), 65, 213, 245, 254, 257, 262, 264, 286, 296, 302, 306: + Treaty ratification, 13, 28, 29, + 41, 61, 62, 66, 71, 77, 203, + 204 + Verification and verification protocols, 95, 171, + 265, 281, 297, 301 + + + People's Republic of China (PRC), 130, + 162, 164, + 178, 202, + 249, 286: + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 185 + Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 7 7 , + 74, 106, + 117, 214, 227, 260 260, + Strategic offensive arms reductions, and, 99, 177, + 180, 197, 289 + United States, diplomatic relations with, 28, 88, + 186, 260 + + + People-to-people contacts, 16, 85, 116, 123, 143, 161, 191, 192, 197, 287 + Peres, Shimon, 119, 193, 287 + Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 201, 244 + Perle, Richard, 40, 178, 258, 302, 307, 308: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 161, 162, 262, 284 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 266, 275 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + participant in, 284, 287 + + + Pershing II missile, 27, 172, 185, 195, 248, 275, 282, 283, 296, 297, 299, 302 + Petrosyants, Andranik, 13, 237, 256, 259, 262 + Petrovsky, Vladimir, 135 + Platt, Nicholas, 56, 178, 238, 260 + PNET. See Peaceful Nuclear Explosions + Treaty (1976) + Poindexter, John, 27, 65, 76, 78, 167, 189, 212, 253, 266, 282, 293, 307: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 178, 252, 294 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 188, 239, 243, 297 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 307 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 233, + 241, 274 + + + Politburo, 6, 24, + 25, 34, 174, 215, 230: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, 48, 179, 183, 191, + 209, 260, 278, 294 + Soviet foreign policy, role in, 109, 133, 278 + + + Political prisoners, 17 + Polyakov, Vladimir, 256, 259 + Popov, Viktor I., 98 + Pravda, 9, 22, + 36, 118, 242 + PRC. See People's Republic of China + Primakov, Evgeniy, 303 + Pripyat, 224 + Problems of Philosophy (Voprosy Filosofii), 242 + Project RYaN, 198 + Qadhafi, Muammar, 153, 167, 302, 303, 306: + Terrorists and terrorism, associated with, 174, 195, + 216, 219, 287 + + + RAND Corporation, 2, 13, 214, 239 + Rather, Dan, 114 + Raymond, Walter, Jr., 211 + Reagan administration (1981–1988): + Arms control and disarmament, 46, + 87, 196, 207, 243, 278, + 306 + Contras, and, 152, 186 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), response to, 268, 274, + 276, 277 + Detente, response to, 2, 87, 143, + 193, 211 + "Four-part agenda" and, 52, 64, 139, + 235 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, response to, 179, 185, 188, + 189, 191, 192, 194, 196 + Military budget, impact on, 80, + 138, 143, 236 + Mujahideen, and, 17, 65, 87, + 209 + Project RYaN, impact on, 198 + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), response to, 113 + Soviet military, relations with, 199, 232 + Soviet Union, relations with, 241 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and, 9, 93, 238, 308 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 2, + 30, 51, 63, 70, 71, 80, 89, + 119, 123, 138, 169, 199, + 252, 266, 280 + + + Reagan Doctrine, 1, 2 + Reagan, Nancy, 71, 83, 163, 169, 297, 308: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 159 + + + Reagan, Ronald, 15, 52, 89, 105, 127, 163, 210, 213, 294: + Afghanistan, and, 212 + Arms control and disarmament, 5, + 43, 105, 138, 153, 178, + 245, 308 + Chernenko, Konstantin, correspondence with, 1 + Eureka College, speaker at, 86 + "Four-part agenda" and, 27, 52, 55, + 178, 274, 297, 300 + G–7 Economic Summit (1986), participant in, 214, 251 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 150, 151, 152, 153, + 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + correspondence with, 1, + 10, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 41, 46, 68, 69, 84, 115, 120, 127, 128, 163, 166, 168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 195, 197, 203, 208, 213, 235, 247, 251, 254, 271, 273, 280 + meeting with, 150, 151, 152, 153, 301, 302, 306, 308 + + + Human rights, and, 121, 156, 168, + 181, 212, 301 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 15, 209 + Nuclear testing and, 171, 203, 213, + 246, 254, 264 + Republican Party, relations with, 245, 252, 308 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 298, 306, 309 + + + Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 105, 106, 114, 121, + 283 + Soviet Union, education about, 39, 60, 74, 79, 109, 117, + 129, 133 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, views on, 163 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 23, 69, 82, 151, + 153, 157, 195, 309 + Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, 93, 125, 192, 225, + 236 + United Nations General Assembly, speaker at, 21, 96, + 120, 144, 158, 173, 190, + 197, 287, 288 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 138, 156 + + + Refuseniks, 5, 41, 119: + U.S.-Soviet trade relations impact on, 38 + Zakharov, Gennady exchanged for, 276, 279, 283, 288, + 289 + + + Regional issues, 184, 256, 262: + Afghanistan, 5, 6, 21, 29, 48, + 65, 94, 122, 138, 143 + Angola, 92, 96, 117, 122, 173, + 186, 214, 239 + Geneva Summit (1985), and, 94, + 95, 96, 120, 122, 135, + 140, 144, 160, 161, 163, + 165, 172, 173, 197 + Middle East, 9, 21, 22, 28, 42, + 65, 71, 96, 122, 135, 186, 287 + Nicaragua, 186 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 303 + Southern Africa, 137, 161, 173, + 186, 204, 257, 303 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 17, 23, 120, 152, + 186, 191, 195, 212 + United Nations (UN) mediator of, 23, 120, 152, 173, + 195 + U.S.-People's Republic of China (PRC) relations, 28 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 5, + 18, 21, 23, 28, 41, 55, 71, + 105, 120, 191, 194, 212, + 246, 256, 257, 260, 303 + + + Religious freedom, 60, 79, 109, 156, 159, 168, 283 + Republican Party, 87, 306: + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 245, 252, 308 + + + Republic of Korea, 287, 299 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 297, 301, 302, 306, 307, + 308 + Arms control and disarmament, and, 293, 296, 297, 306 + Arms Control Support Group views on, 296 + Ballistic missiles and, 299, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 + Bomber counting rule, 302, 304 + Conventional weapons and, 302 + Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 274, 279, 283, 285, + 289, 292 + Department of State role in, 298, 301 + "Four-part agenda" included in, 300, 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, 301, 302, 306, 308, + 309 + Hopkins, William interpreter for, 302, 303 + Human rights, and, 293, 301, 303 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 292, 293 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), impact on, 292, 306 + Nuclear testing and, 293, 306 + Palazhchenko, Pavel + interpreter for, 302, + 306, 307 + notetaker for, 308 + + + Presidential itinerary, 300 + Press coverage, 293, 298, 309 + Reagan, Ronald + participant in, 301, + 302, 306, 308, 309 + views on, 298, 306, 309 + + + Regional issues, and, 303 + Senior Arms Control Group (SACG) views on, 296 + Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, 301, 302, 306, 307, + 308, 309 + Shultz, George + participant in, 301, + 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 + views on, 293 + + + Simons, Thomas notetaker for, 302, 308 + Soviet SS-20s in Asia, 296, 304, 306, + 307 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) impact on, 308, 309 + Summit planning, 277, 283, 285, + 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, + 296, 297, 298 + Tarasenko, Sergei notetaker for, 302 + U.S. Congress and, 293 + Uspensky, Nikolai interpreter for, 301, 308 + U.S.-Soviet relations, impact on, 300, 301, 302, 303, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, + 309 + Verification and verification protocols included in, 301, 306 + Washington Summit (1987), precursor to, 293, 296, + 300, 301 + Weinberger, Caspar views on, 299 + Zarechnak, Dimitri interpreter for, 301, 306, 307, 308 + + + Rhinesmith, Steven, 211, 262, 287 + Ridgway, Rozanne "Roz," 62, 64, 100, 106, 114, 174, 178, 222, 270, 276, 308: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, counterpart to, 250, 256, + 257, 258, 287, 288, 292, + 303 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 183 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), + participant in, 287 + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 75, + 154, 207, 221 + Summit planning, views on, 250 + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues, and, 103, 161, 183, 250, + 262, 287, 289, 302 + U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 68, 149, 201, 217, + 231, 241 + + + Rodman, Peter, 14, 270, 277, 302: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 164, 182 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 182 + Regional issues, and, 259, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 303 + U.S.-NATO relations, views on, 164 + U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 186, 200 + + + Romanov, Grigory, 48, 53, 59, 198 + Rosen, Morris, 229 + Rostenkowski, Dan, 19 + Rostropovich, Mstislav, 306 + Rowen, Henry, 214 + Rowny, Edward, 146, 188, 189, 192, 196, 260, 296, 302: + Arms control and disarmament, expert on, 179 + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263, 266, 275 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 179 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 146, 188 + + + Russian Orthodox Church, 159 + Ruwe, L. Nicholas, 300 + Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 212, 226, 244, 280: + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 34, 45, 53, + 230 + Matlock, Jack views on, 205 + Soviet private channel, associated with, 51 + + + SA–5 missiles, 167, 173, 195 + SACG. See Senior Arms Control Group + Safronchuk, Vasily, 191 + Sakharov, Andrei, 6, 29, 168, 175, 181, 239, 245, 274, 283, 285: + Human rights, advocate for, 29, + 283 + Nuclear technology, and, 249 + Refuseniks, member of, 5, 41, 119 + + + SALT. See Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty + (1972) + SALT II (1979), 32, 45, 65, 86, 97, 105, 112, 131, 135, 227, 242, 244, 250, 284, 293: + Telemetry encryption, 28, 46, 57, + 124, 134, 264, 302 + Treaty compliance, 28, 46, 57, + 124, 264, 302 + Treaty ratification, 71, 99, 122, + 138, 170, 236, 247, 264 + + + Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, Frente Sandinista de + Liberación Nacional), 21, 152, 186 + Saudi Arabia, 306 + Savimbi, Jonas, 287 + SCC. See Standing Consultative + Commission + Schifter, Richard, 11 + Scowcroft, Brent, 111, 114 + + SDI. See Strategic Defense + Initiative + Senate Observer Group, 238 + + Senior Arms Control Group (SACG), 27, + 161, 171, + 176, 190: + Arms Control Support Group, and, 91, 170, 185, 249, + 296 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, 296 + + + Sestanovich, Stephen, 3, 85, 96, 259, 274: + Daniloff, Nicholas, views on, 277 + + + Shcharanskiy, Anatoly, 5, 6, 28, 29, 119, 175, 262: + Divided families, associated with, 136, 168, 175, 181, + 193, 194, 285 + + + Shcherbitsky, Vladimir, 1, 5, 11, 15, 48, 89, 223, 240: + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) and, 226, 230 + + + Shevardnadze, Eduard, 53, 54, 55, 75, 90, 127, 174, 241: + Geneva Summit (1985) + participant in, 151, + 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159 + views on, 99, 108, 165 + + + Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 54 + Gromyko, Andrei, and, 53, 54, 55, + 101 + Hartman, Arthur, meeting with, 149, 165, 210, 228 + People's Republic of China (PRC)-Soviet relations, views + on, 106 + Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 105, 106, 114, 121, + 283 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 301, 302, + 306, 307, 308, 309 + Shultz, George + meeting with, 71, 99, 100, 107, 122, 134, 135, 136, 140, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + views on, 72, 101, 108 + + + United Nations General Assembly, and, 99, 280, 288, 299, + 303 + U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 134, 192 + + + Shevardnadze, Nanuli, 71, 83, 107, 122, 138 + + Short-range attack missile (SRAM), 124, + 135, 304, + 308 + + Short-range intermediate nuclear forces (SRINF), 124, 180, 185, 263, 286, 292, 296, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308: + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, 284 + + + Shultz-Bessmertnykh meeting (July 1986, Washington), 257 + + Shultz, George, 28, 88, 93, 106, 239, 243: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, 257 + Daniloff arrest (September 1986), views on, 273 + Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 13, 18, 22, 35, + 36, 43, 46, 52, 55, 83, 90, + 167, 174, 184, 194, 212 + Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 244 + Economic affairs, and, 106, 205 + Geneva Summit (1985), participant in, 151, 152, 154, 155, + 157, 158, 159 + Gorbachev, Mikhail + meeting with, 5, 71, 99, 100, 122, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + views on, 93, 139, 143 + + + Gromyko, Andrei, meeting with, 28, 30, 32 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, report to, 118, 236, + 263, 275 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + participant in, 301, + 302, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309 + views on, 293 + + + Shevardnadze, Eduard + meeting with, 71, 99, 100, 107, 122, 134, 135, 136, 140, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 292 + views on, 72, 101, 108 + + + Shultz-Gromyko meeting (1985, Vienna), views on, 29 + Summit planning, views on, 30, + 35, 41, 194 + U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 29, 88, 187, 236, + 257 + + + Shultz-Gorbachev meeting (November 1985, Moscow), 138 + + Shultz-Gromyko meeting (1985, Vienna), 28, 30 + + Shultz, Helena O'Bie, 107, 108, 122, 138, 289 + + Shultz-Ryzhkov meeting (March 1986, Stockholm), 204, 205 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (July 1985, Helsinki), 71 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (November 1985, Moscow), 134, 135, 136, 140 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (October 1985, New York), 122 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1985, New York), 99 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, New York), 288, 289, 292 + + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), 283, 284, 285 + Shultz-Shevardnadze meeting (September 1986, Washington), 283, 284, 285, 286, 287 + + Simons, Thomas, 11: + Bessmertnykh, Alexander, meeting with, 255 + Mikol'chak, Vitaliy, counterpart to, 262, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) + notetaker for, 302, 308 + participant in, 303 + + + Sokolov, Oleg, meeting with, 279 + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues, and, 255, 256, 262 + + + SLBM. See Submarine-launched ballistic + missile + SLCM. See Submarine-launched cruise + missiles + SMHI. See Swedish Meteorological and + Hydrological Institute + Smith, Gerard C., 153 + + SNDV. See Strategic nuclear delivery + vehicle + Sofaer, Abraham, 147, 268, 270, 274 + + Sokolov, Oleg, 13, 44, 64, 99, 106, 201, 222, 262, 276: + Burt, Richard "Rick," meeting with, 12 + Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 24 + Palmer, Robie Marcus Hooker "Mark," meeting with, 47, 191, + 217 + Parris, Mark, meeting with, 191, + 217 + Ridgway, Rozanne "Roz," meeting with, 75, 154, 207, 221 + Simons, Thomas, meeting with, 279 + Soviet Union, representative of, 10, 22, 56, 68, + 154, 256, 259 + + + Sokolov, Sergei, 17, 24, 169, 268: + Weinberger, Caspar counterpart to, 199, 232 + + + Solidarity, 60, 74 + + Sommer, Peter, 142 + + South Africa, 96: + Apartheid, 28, 287 + + + Southeast Asia, 18, 21 + + Southern Africa, 2, 9, 18, 21, 29, 287: + Regional issues, 137, 161, 173, + 186, 204, 257, 303 + + + South Korea. See Republic of Korea + Soviet Armed Forces Day, 199 + + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), 131, 134, 157: + Akhromeyev, Sergei views on, 118 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 112, 113, + 121, 122, 127, 138 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) response to, 113 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal (1985) and, 135, 140, + 143, 154 + + + Soviet foreign policy, 54, 87, 109, 133, 253, 278: + Brezhnev Doctrine, 3, 60, 74, + 242 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 223, 228, + 230, 231, 243 + Gorbachev, Mikhail impact on, 17, + 29, 36, 47, 48, 54, 79, 112, + 126, 145, 150, 179, 183, + 191, 200, 209, 215, 242, + 253, 260, 278, 294 + + Politburo, role in, 109, 133, 278 + + + Soviet military: + Committee for State Security, Soviet Union (KGB), + relations with, 198 + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, 17, 145, 183, 209, + 242 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 199, 232 + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal (1985), and, 131 + + + Soviet Ministry of Defense, 199 + + Soviet Mission at the United Nations, 216, 240, 291, 292: + Espionage, allegations of, 274, + 285, 288 + Reduction, 201, 274, 281, + 283, 285, 287, 290 + + + Soviet SS-20s in Asia, 282, 299, 302: + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, 188, 205, 239, + 280, 286, 301, 305, 306, + 307 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), 98, 99, + 112, 114, 124, 131, 135, + 157, 176, 185, 188, 212, + 262, 286, 297, 302, 304 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), included in, 28, 66, + 71, 124, 131, 134, 135, + 152, 176, 188 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), 296, + 304, 306, 307 + + + Soviet Union, 8, 60, 63, 85, 87, 109, 129, 133, 143, 150, 152, 155, 209, 211, 214, 218, 245, 278, 287, 295, 303 (see + also U.S.-Soviet relations): + Able Archer (1983), response to, 261 + Alcohol prohibition, 25, 29, 37, + 48, 155, 159, 214 + Chemical agents, 78 + Chernenko, Konstantin former leader of, 1, 48, 53, 87, + 141 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), response to, 220, 222, + 223, 226, 229, 231, 232, + 234, 235 + Clandestine intelligence collection, allegations of, 274, 288, + 289, 290, 291, 292, 295 + Consumer goods, 110, 214 + Contadora, 28 + Cuba, relations with, 21, 71, 86, + 129 + Cultural heritage, 79, 136, 155 + Disinformation, 3 + Eastern Europe, relations with, 37, 48, 117, 214, + 227 + Economic affairs, and, 125, 129, 141, + 214 + Economic reform, 17, 37, 87, + 94, 141, 215, 236, 278 + Emigration, and, 60, 71, 100, + 129, 175, 181, 283 + Europe, diplomatic relations with, 97, 242, 284 + Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), relations with, 214 + Five-Year Plan for 1986–90, 110, + 209 + Foreign trade, participant in, 23, 214, 242 + Free flow of information, 211, + 218 + GNP (Gross National Product), decline in, 214 + Historical overview, 39, 60, 74, + 79, 94, 133, 141, 155 + Human rights, and, 38, 60, 136, + 175 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 303 + Islam, 159 + Japan, relations with, 260 + Libya, diplomatic relations with, 219, 228, 240, 287 + Military budget, 151, 214, 236, + 243, 278 + Military capabilities, 110, 125, 133, + 145, 227, 239 + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), response + to, 12, 13 + Nicaragua, relations with, 7, 28, 96, + 152 + Nixon, Richard, relations with, 129, 239 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, relations with, 9, 28, 50, 80, + 97, 129, 198 + Nuclear testing, and, 207, 208, 212, + 265, 280, 286, 296 + Nuclear weapon freeze, and, 8 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, 7, 41, 212, 287 + People's Republic of China, diplomatic relations with, + 7 7 , + 74, 106, + 117, 214, 227, 260 260, + Personal computers, 214 + Political affairs, 109 + Propaganda, allegations of, 89, + 105, 126, 180, 188, 191, + 195, 207, 265 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 241 + Reagan, Ronald education about, 39, 60, 74, 79, + 109, 117, 129, 133 + Refuseniks, response to, 79, 119, 141 + Religious freedom, 60, 79, 109, + 159 + Russian Orthodox Church, 159 + Social reform, 37, 79 + Sokolov, Oleg representative of, 10, 22, 56, 68, + 154, 256, 259 + Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April 1985), 22 + Soviet foreign policy, 5, 17, 79, + 126, 152, 294, 296 + Soviet government reform, 40, + 48, 53, 54, 66, 109, 215, 253, + 259 + Soviet GRU, 98, 198 + Soviet hardliners, 40, 48, 145, + 215, 239, 242, 243 + Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, 23, 138, + 143, 199, 232, 240, 299 + Soviet nuclear testing limitation proposal, 170, 171, + 177, 180, 204, 286 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium, 8, 19, 48, 68, + 69, 77, 105, 140, 170, + 230, 280 + Soviet percentage proposal, and, 58, 157 + Space program, 74 + Strategic Defense Initiative, response to, 6, 19, 37, 80, + 133, 143, 147, 152, 172, + 248 + Strategic defenses, capable of, 8, + 23, 28, 29, 71, 99, 105, 133, + 134, 138, 143, 151, 152, + 157, 180, 195, 202, 258, + 278, 301, 308 + United States bombing of Libya (April 1986), response to, + 219 + United States INF deployments (1983), response to, 231 + U.S. Congress, relations with, 15, 129 + V-E Day 40th anniversary (1985), response to, 9, 24, 28 + Western Europe, diplomatic relations with, 6, 117, + 129 + + + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 17: + Cordovez, Diego mediator of, 55, + 173, 186 + Korniyenko, Georgiy negotiator of, 191 + United Nations Security Council role in, 173 + U.S.-Soviet relations and, 65, + 66, 69 + + + Space Cooperation Agreement (1972), 256 + + Space Research Institute, 49 + + Space-strike arms, 206, 254, 255, 257, 264, 284, 296, 299, 308: + Arms race and, 5, 135, 138, + 139, 140, 157, 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 69, + 81, 84, 105, 152, 154, + 160, 161, 162, 163, 172, + 177, 195, 280, 301, 302 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), related to, 22, 28, + 41, 43, 50, 58, 99, 101, 121, + 122, 163, 210, 245 + Removal of weapons, 154, 157 + Shultz-Gromyko meetings (January 1985, Geneva) related to, + 102, 153, 158 + + + Special National Intelligence Estimate: + SNIE 11–9–86, "Gorbachev's Policy Toward the United + States, 1986-1988," 278 + + + Spiers, Ronald, 7 + + SRAM. See Short-range attack missile + SRINF. See Short-range intermediate nuclear + forces + SS–18 ICBM, 195, 296, 302, 308 + + SS–20 ICBM, 8, 16, 98, 275 + + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + + Stalin, Joseph, 37 + + Standing Consultative Commission (SCC), 46, 62, 122, 134, 256, 286: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty violation, and, 28, 99, + 284 + + + "Star Wars". See Strategic Defense + Initiative + Stavropol, 32 + + Stearman, William, 81 + + Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), 41, 122, 135, 146, 147, 152, 227, 244, 246, 247, 284, 293: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty) and, + 5, 32, + 50, 61, 99, 101, 278 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 46, 250 + Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, and, 138, 143 + + + Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (1972) (SALT), 61, 99, 101, 105, 112, 138, 152, 236, 246, 247, 284, 302 + + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991): + Air-launched cruise missiles, and, 8, 27, 28, 124, + 131, 284, 296 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), and, 296, 297, + 305, 308 + Arms control and disarmament and, 62, 70, 72, 97, + 188, 275, 284, 296, 306 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) and, 28, 296, + 297, 305 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987) and, + 6, 27, + 98, 127, 208, 212, 245, + 246, 247, 256, 257, 264, + 275, 282, 293, 296, 297, + 302, 304, 305, 306 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 162, 202, + 264, 284, 293, 296, 297 + Potential interim agreement, 297, 301 + Soviet suspension of talks (1983), 132 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and, 62, 97, 98, 131, + 202, 227, 236, 240, 278, + 296, 301, 304, 305, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, 27, 212, 258, 284, + 296, 297, 299, 301, 304, + 305, 306, 307, 308 + + + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 16, + 86, 99, 125, 130, 134, 151, 153, 154, 157, 162, 178, 188, 239, 243, 254, 258, 264, 284, 296, 301, 302, 306 (see also Strategic defenses): + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance, and, 23, 42, + 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, 91, 93, + 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 113, + 118, 124, 134, 135, 138, + 146, 147, 152, 153, 180, + 186, 192, 197, 202, 206, + 212, 227, 236, 238, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 257, + 258, 264, 280, 284 + Budget, 249 + Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), 188, 257 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 and, 185, 187, 188, + 195, 302 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, + 70, 80, 87, 97, 98, 131, 153, + 202, 206, 243, 286, 309 + Laboratory, 249, 280, 284, + 308 + Linkage, 22, 82, 97, 104, 131, + 153 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 6, 19, 23, 28, + 29, 41, 43, 46, 50, 62, 65, + 69, 70, 98, 99, 160, 200 + Reagan administration (1981–1988), and, 9, 93, 238, 308 + Research and development, 153, + 154, 157, 163, 236, 238, + 243, 254, 255, 258, 284, + 296, 302, 304, 306, 308 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), impact on, 308, 309 + Soviet Union response to, 6, 19, 37, + 80, 133, 143, 147, 152, + 172, 248 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 62, 97, + 98, 131, 202, 227, 236, + 240, 278, 296, 301, 304, + 305, 308 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, related to, 17, 90, + 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101, + 104, 105, 112, 132, 143, + 153, 154, 157, 163, 177, + 187, 195, 202, 236, 243, + 254, 264, 278, 284, 301, + 304, 309 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, 86, 90, + 92, 93, 97, 138, 140, 146, 172, + 299 + Supercomputers, related to, 130 + U.S. Congress and, 132, 200, 239, + 243 + Weinberger, Caspar supporter of, 43, 86, 94, 152, + 243, 249, 254 + + + Strategic defenses, 8, 23, 56, 67, 69, 123, 151, 153, 157, 195, 243, 309: + Air and missile defense, 86, 92, 97, + 99, 104, 105, 135, 138, + 154, 158, 195, 197, 243, + 302 + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), whether permitted + by, 8, 23, + 41, 42, 49, 50, 70, 71, 82, + 91, 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, 105, + 118, 127, 138, 146, 147, + 152, 153, 180, 186, 188, + 192, 206, 227, 236, 243, + 247, 249, 254, 255, 258, + 264, 284, 296, 301, 304, + 308 + Ballistic missiles and, 41, 49, 62, + 91, 101, 133, 195, 254, + 258 + Deterrence, 77, 158, 239, + 243, 286 + First strike capability, related to, 23, 43, 195, 212, + 243, 245, 254, 257, 278, + 284, 301, 302 + Military balance, impact on, 92, + 104, 105, 118, 133, 157 + Nuclear testing and, 8, 213, 243, + 248, 249, 255, 264, 299, + 308 + Soviet nuclear testing moratorium and, 8, 28, 41, 65 + Soviet Union capable of, 8, 23, 28, + 29, 71, 99, 105, 133, 134, 138, + 143, 151, 152, 157, 180, + 195, 202, 258, 278, 301, + 308 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, related + to, 56, 69, 70, 71, 85, 95, 111, + 124, 127, 134, 135, 138, + 140, 146, 152, 153, 154, + 157, 158, 163, 172, 188, + 197, 236, 296, 299, 305 + + + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle (SNDV), 8, 134, 135, 152, 177, 197, 263, 284, 296, 304 + + Strategic offensive arms reductions, 56: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal associated + with, 113, 134, 206, 236, 238, + 239, 247, 284, 296, 297, + 306, 308 + Arms control and disarmament, 23, + 43, 90, 98, 113, 123, 127, 233 + Conventional weapons and, 70, + 85, 86, 97, 104, 135, 164, 178, + 258 + Department of Defense response to, 86, 91 + Europe, in, 180, 247, 280, + 286, 301, 302, 305, 307 + France and, 180, 187, 197, + 205, 212, 239, 280, 286, + 296, 301, 302, 306 + Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 90, 92, 95, 99, + 101, 105, 111, 112, 113, + 131, 135, 138, 140, 153, + 154, 158, 162, 172, 176, + 177, 180, 188, 195, 204, + 206, 227, 238, 246, 247, + 257, 258 + Nuclear testing related to, 286, + 296, 301, 302, 305, 306 + People's Republic of China (PRC) and, 99, 177, 180, 197, + 289 + Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), 27, 212, + 258, 284, 296, 297, 299, + 301, 304, 305, 306, 307, + 308 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) related to, 17, 90, + 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101, + 104, 105, 112, 132, 143, + 153, 154, 157, 163, 177, + 187, 195, 202, 236, 243, + 254, 264, 278, 284, 301, + 304, 309 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) included in, + 134, 157, 162, 254 + United Kingdom and, 164, 177, 180, + 187, 197, 205, 212, 239, + 280, 286, 296, 301, 302, + 306 + U.S.-NATO relations affected by, 239, 249, 278, 286, + 296 + U.S. nuclear triad included in, 308 + Verification and verification protocols, 97, 152, + 153, 154, 158, 160, 170, + 177, 185, 187, 188, 194, + 195, 197, 258, 284, 299, + 301, 308 + + + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, 296, 299, 307, 308: + Deterrence, 86, 97, 99, + 104, 133, 158, 197, 203, + 284 + France, in, 71, 84, 99, + 130, 153, 161, 162, 164, + 177, 178 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces (LRINF) and, 122, 284 + Short-range intermediate nuclear forces (SRINF), 284 + Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 86, 90, 92, 93, + 97, 138, 140, 146, 172, + 299 + Strategic defenses related to, 56, 69, 70, 71, 85, 95, + 111, 124, 127, 134, 135, + 138, 140, 146, 152, 153, + 154, 157, 158, 163, 172, + 188, 197, 236, 296, 299, + 305 + United Kingdom and, 99, 130, 153, + 161, 162, 164, 177, 178 + + + Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), 264, 284, 301, 302, 304: + Strategic offensive arms reductions, included in, 134, 157, + 162, 254 + Trident SLBM, 77, 98, 172, + 185, 195 + + + Submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), 102, 124, 135, 304, 305 + + Sudan, 219 + + Sukhodrev, Viktor, 5, 9, 32, 36 + + Supreme Soviet, 129, 156, 165 + + Suriname, 21 + + Suslov, Mikhail, 198 + + Sweden, 204, 220, 222, 228 + + Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI, Sveriges + meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut), 220 + + Syria, 28, 37, + 46, 122, 219, 287, 303 + + Tarasenko, Sergei, 106, 283: + Expert-level talks on arms control (1986), participant in, + 263 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), notetaker for, 302 + + + TASS. See Telegraph Agency of the Soviet + Union + Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS, Telegraphnoye + Agentstvo Sovyetskogo Soyvza), 41, 114, 138, 222, 224, 267, 287 + + Teller, Edward, 249 + + Terrorists and terrorism, 204, 217, 251, 256, 259, 262: + Qadhafi, Muammar associated with, 174, 195, 216, 219, + 287 + + + Thailand, 186 + + Thatcher, Margaret, 93, 122, 233: + Gorbachev, Mikhail, relations with, 3, 5, 151, 155, 306 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 192 + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 93, 125, 192, 225, + 236 + + + Thermonuclear fusion, 122, 134, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 148, 161, 165, 190, 249, 287, 306 + + Thomas, Charles, 206 + + Thomas, Lee, 144 + + Thomas, W. Dennis, 214 + + Three Mile Island reactor meltdown (1979), 228, 229, 230, 251 + + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974) (TTBT), 213, 245, 254, 257, 262, 264, 286, 293, 296, 299: + Treaty ratification, 13, 28, 29, + 41, 61, 62, 66, 71, 77, 203, + 204, 302 + Verification and verification protocols, 95, 171, + 265, 281, 297, 301, 302 + + + Throw-weight, 284, 296, 301, 302 + + Thule radar, 122, 140, 284, 296 + + Thurmond, Strom, 80 + + Tikhonov, Nikolay, 34, 48 + + Timbie, James, 178, 206, 227: + Arms Control Support Group, member of, 170 + + + TIME magazine, 81, 89, 90, 101, 111, 112, 129, 132 + + Tindemans, Leonard "Leo," 7 + + Tobey, William, 283 + + Tower, John: + Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 4, + 58 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, and, 124 + U.S. Nuclear Space Talks delegation, member of, 4, 99 + + + Trade unions, 306 + + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968) (NPT), + 284, 286: + Verification and verification protocols related to, 99, 102, + 154 + + + Treml, Vladimir, 214 + + Trident SLBM, 77, 98, 172, 185, 195 + + Trimble, Jeff, 267 + + Tsvigun, Semyon, 198 + + TTBT. See Threshold Test Ban Treaty + (1974) + Tunisia, 219 + + TWA Flight 847 hijacking (1985), 57 + + Ukraine, 136, 156, 220, 302 + + Umbrella Talks. See Nuclear and Space Talks + (1985–1991) + UN. See United Nations + United Kingdom, 3, 22, 23, 166, 200, 201, 202, 212, 249, 286: + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, 188, + 191, 192 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, and, 6, 8, 97, 131, 180 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, and, 164, 177, + 180, 187, 197, 205, 212, + 239, 280, 286, 296, 301, + 302, 306 + Strategic offensive weapons and weapons systems, and, 99, 130, + 153, 161, 162, 164, 177, + 178 + + + United Nations Security Council: + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 287, 288 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, role in, 173 + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 18, + 28, 173 + + + United Nations (UN), 88, 120, 121, 201, 204: + Clandestine intelligence collection, 285, 288, 289, 290, + 291, 292, 295 + Regional issues, mediator of, 23, + 120, 152, 173, 195 + Soviet Mission at the United Nations, 216, 240, 291, 292 + + + United Nations General Assembly, 8, 9, 18, 21, 22, 24, 29, 56, 69, 246, 257, 262, 277 + + United Nations Secretariat, 267, 268, 270, 274, 288, 289 + + United States, 136, 143, 156, 169, 303, 306 (see also U.S.-Soviet + bilateral issues; U.S.-Soviet relations): + Bombing of Libya (April, 1986), 216, 219, 228, 232, + 287 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), response to, 221, 222, + 224, 225, 228, 230, 234 + Discrimination, and, 136, 143, 156, + 169, 303, 306 + Flexible response, 70 + Foreign policy, 2, 126 + Gorbachev, Mikhail invited to, 165, 167, 172, 174, + 184, 190 + Human rights, and, 169, 303 + Immigration, and, 136 + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986), response to, 216 + Military budget, 151, 200, 236, + 239 + Military Liaison Mission incident (March 1985), response + to, 13 + Mujahideen, and, 65, 186, 209 + NATO INF deployment (1983), 8, + 50, 58, 97, 124, 135, 157, 197, + 286 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization, relations with, 29, 70, + 88, 92, 130, 132, 135, + 164, 194, 233, 236, 239, + 249, 278, 286, 296 + Nuclear testing, participant in, 207 + Nuclear triad, 58, 118, 308 + Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, 21, 23, 42, 262 + People's Republic of China, diplomatic relations with, + 28, 88, 186, 260 + Presidential election (1984), 51 + Religious freedom, 156 + Unemployment, and, 119 + United States Armed Forces, 193 + U.S. Air Force, 193 + U.S. Embassy, Moscow, 78, 201, 207, + 268 + U.S. presidential election (1984), 51 + + + United States Information Agency (USIA), 190, 211, 212, 218 + + Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 19, 23 + + UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 18, 28, 173 + + U.S. arms reduction counter-proposal (1985), 134, 140, 157: + Soviet arms reduction proposal (1985), and, 135, 140, + 143, 154 + Soviet military and, 131 + + + U.S. Congress, 3, 153, 159, 238, 245, 261, 265, 302, 306: + Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 138, 156 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 293 + Soviet Union, relations with, 15, + 129 + Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 132, 200, 239, 243 + + + USIA. See United States Information + Agency + U.S.-NATO relations, 164, 258, 265, 277, 298: + Arms control and disarmament and, 6, 17, 77 + Europe and, 13, 32, 99, + 129, 157, 164, 176, 182, + 189, 195, 262 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000 impact on, 182, 185, 188, + 189, 194 + Strategic offensive arms reductions, affected by, 239, 249, + 278, 286, 296 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 7, + 9, 17, + 70, 80, 88, 92, 124, 130, 132, + 135, 164, 189, 194, 209, + 233, 236, 239, 249, 278, + 286, 296 + + + U.S. News and World Report, 271, 274 + + Uspensky, Nikolai, 28, 121, 135, 138: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter for, 150, 151, 153, 156, + 157 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), interpreter for, 301, 308 + + + U.S.-Soviet bilateral issues, 42, 71, 103, 161, 165, 183, 210, 250, 255, 256, 262, 287, 289: + Cancer research, 218 + Civil aviation, 13, 23, 62, + 71, 72, 134, 144, 159, + 161, 204 + Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), included in, + 28 + Consular offices, 13, 140, 144 + Educational exchange, 116, 218 + Geneva Summit (1985), included in, 96, 127, 144, 149, + 158, 204 + Information exchange, 116 + Maritime boundaries, 71, 165 + Medical science, 106 + Nuclear energy safety, 247, 256, 287 + Pacific air safety, 5, 23, 29, + 55, 61, 72, 122, 134, 140, 144 + People-to-people contacts, 96, + 105, 116, 118, 135, 151, + 161, 168, 192, 199, 211, + 212, 287 + Soviet private channel, 111, + 114, 116 + Space activities, 130, 139 + Sports diplomacy, 116, 218 + Thermonuclear fusion, 134, 137, 138, + 140, 142, 144, 161, 165, + 190, 249, 287, 306 + U.S.-Soviet cultural exchanges, 9, + 13, 29, 62, 85, 96, 105, 106, + 122, 123, 134, 142, 151, + 156, 158, 165, 204, 218, + 287, 306 + U.S.-Soviet Exchanges Initiative, 211, 218 + + + U.S.-Soviet relations, 3, 32, 47, 63, 65, 88, 134, 144, 161, 186, 187, 192, 200, 209, 236, 257, 292, 301, 303: + Arms control and disarmament, and, 5, 6, 8, 13, 15, 29, + 127, 132 + Berlin air corridors impact on, 22, 28, 29, 30, + 55, 61, 71, 135, 186 + Chautauqua Conference (1985), 47, + 97 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 232, 233, + 234, 257 + Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 270, 271, 273, 274, + 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, + 283, 285, 287, 288, 289, + 291, 292, 295 + Department of State and, 14, 20, 73, + 190, 207, 218, 267 + Deterrence, 77, 146, 158, + 203 + Economic cooperation, 116 + Europe and, 28, 41, 112, + 151, 205, 214, 219 + "Four-part agenda" and, 13, 15, 27, + 137, 161, 174, 190, 197, + 298 + Geneva Summit (1985) and, 71, + 73, 80, 84, 94, 132, 135, 158, + 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, + 169, 176, 187, 190, 191, + 192, 200, 204, 205, 208, + 210, 234, 235, 239, 246, + 247, 254, 280, 292, 294, + 301 + Gorbachev, Mikhail impact on, 3, + 9, 37, + 61, 278 + Historical overview, 92, 106 + Human rights and, 5, 6, 11, 30, 32, + 71, 136, 137, 143, 175, + 181, 245, 262, 283, 303 + International relations, impact on, 5, 10, 71, 123, + 138, 139, 140, 150, 151, + 169 + Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 28, 138 + Jewish emigration from Soviet Union impact on, 28, 94, + 119, 136, 156, 168, 257, + 262 + La Belle disco bombing (April 1986) impact on, 217 + Military balance related to, 92, + 99, 104, 105, 129, 143, + 151, 185, 187, 197 + Military buildup impact on, 151, + 152 + Military-to-military contacts, 232 + National Security Council (NSC) and, 3, 144 + National security interests, mediated by, 151, 172, + 177, 185, 208, 236, 247 + North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and, 7, 9, 17, 70, + 80, 124, 135, 209, 239, + 249, 278, 286, 296 + People's Republic of China (PRC)-Soviet relations related + to, 7, 260 + Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 2, 30, 51, 63, + 70, 71, 80, 89, 119, 123, 138, + 169, 199, 252, 266, 280 + Regional issues and, 5, 18, 21, + 23, 28, 41, 55, 71, 105, 120, + 191, 194, 212, 246, 256, + 257, 260, 303 + Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, 300, 301, 302, 303, + 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, + 309 + SALT II Treaty compliance, related to, 46, 105, 143, 247, + 258, 264, 284, 302 + Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, and, 23, 94, + 152, 161, 173, 232 + Soviet private channel, 67, 115, 128 + Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, and, 65, 66, + 69 + Space cooperation, 244, 245, 254, + 256, 262, 287 + Summit planning, 14, 24, 30 + Third World, and, 150, 152, 163 + Trade relations, 26, 31, 32, + 87, 94, 129, 151, 160, + 169 + U.S.-NATO relations and, 7, 9, 17, 70, 80, + 88, 92, 124, 130, 132, + 135, 164, 189, 194, 209, + 233, 236, 239, 249, 278, + 286, 296 + U.S. presidential election (1988), and, 212, 245, + 246 + Visas, 201 + Western Europe, and, 98, 182, 185 + + + U.S.-Soviet trade relations: + Baldrige, Malcolm role in, 144, + 161, 165, 168 + Electronic equipment, 169 + Emigration impact on, 31, 32, 38, + 95, 168, 169, 303 + Export Administration Act (1979), + 169 + Human rights impact on, 17, 26, 31, + 94, 100, 108, 114, 129, + 136, 156, 161, 167, 168, + 169, 175, 181, 306 + Joint Commercial Commission (JCC) mediator of, 23, 28, + 55, 62 + Refuseniks, impact on, 38 + + + U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental + Protection (1972), 190 + U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Medical Science + and Public Health (1972), 190 + U.S.-USSR Trade and Economic Council, 165, 169 + V-E Day 40th anniversary (1985), 16, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29 + Velikhov, Evgeny, 50, 65, 66, 146, 148 + Verification and verification protocols, 71, 124: + Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), 97, 124, 227 + Chemical weapons, 29, 61, 195, + 197, 204, 286 + Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986), + related to, 225 + Conventional weapons, 204, 286 + Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), included in, 188, 191, 210, 296, + 299, 302 + National Technical Means (NTM) included in, 8, 69, 84, 97, + 140, 166, 177, 185, 197, + 203 + Nuclear testing, 166, 170, 171, + 177, 203, 204, 205, 212, + 247, 257, 262, 265, 286, + 305, 306 + On-site inspections included in, 89, 166, 177, 180, + 280, 284, 299, 301, 302 + Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976), 95, 171, 265, + 281, 297, 301 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), included + in, 301, 306 + Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974), + 95, 171, 265, 281, 297, + 301, 302 + Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), related to, 99, 102, 154 + Treaty ratification result of, 71, 124 + Weapon destruction, 177, 204, 212 + Weapons and weapons systems, 97, + 104, 105, 134, 135, 138, + 146, 152, 157, 162, 195 + + + Vessey, John W., Jr., 76, 77: + Joint Chiefs of Staff, chair of, 92, 104 + + + Vietnam (see also Vietnam-Cambodian + conflict) + Vietnam-Cambodian conflict, 28, 71, 152, 186: + Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) mediator + of, 28, 71, 186 + + + Visas, 201, 306: + Trade unions, 306 + + + Vladivostok, 260, 262 + Voice of America, 306 + Vorontsov, Yuli, 250 + Wade, Jim, 249 + "Walk in the Woods" (1982), 17, 114, 296 + Wallis, W. Allen, 214 + Walters, Vernon "Dick," 152 + Warnke, Paul, 153 + Warner, John, 135, 161 + Warsaw Treaty Organization, 28, 48, 97, 117, 133, 197, 220, 254, 284, 306 + Washington Post, 261 + Weapons and weapons systems: + Air-launched cruise missiles, 8, + 27, 28, 58, 70, 97, 99, 112, + 124, 131, 134, 135, 153, + 157, 197, 254, 284, 296, + 302, 304, 305 + Anti-satellite systems, 8, 50, 65, + 70, 71, 89, 95, 97, 99, 102, + 112, 122, 140, 195, 202, + 236, 238, 247, 257, 296, + 301 + Ballistic missiles, 27, 28, 97, + 99, 112, 124, 130, 134, + 138, 169, 172, 178, 195, + 197, 219, 227, 243, 254, + 264, 275, 283, 284, 296, + 299, 304, 305, 306, 307, + 308 + Forward-based systems, 131, 135, 152, + 162, 302 + Ground-launched ballistic missiles, 124, 128 + Ground-launched cruise missiles, 124, 135, 153, 185, + 275, 282, 283, 296, 297 + Intercontinental ballistic missile, 124, 131, 134, 135, + 152, 157, 162, 172, 185, + 254, 264, 284, 296, 302, + 304, 305 + Intermediate-range nuclear forces, 162, 176, 180, 188, + 194, 195, 197, 243, 254, + 282, 302, 306 + Long-range intermediate nuclear forces, 27, 114, 131, 134, + 135, 157, 164, 176, 180, + 185, 254, 263, 264, 275, + 282, 283, 284, 286, 296, + 306 + Midgetman intercontinental ballistic missile, 185, 188 + Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missile, 70 + Modernization, 104, 112, 114, + 124 + Multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicle, 99, 138, + 162, 258, 296, 301, 305 + MX missile, 16, 131, 146, + 185, 188, 248 + Pershing II missile, 172, 185, 195, + 248, 275, 282, 283, 296, + 297, 299, 302 + SA–5 missiles, 167, 173 + Sea-launched cruise missiles, 304, 305 + Short-range attack missile, 124, + 135, 304, 308 + Short-range intermediate nuclear forces, 124, 180, + 185, 263, 284, 286, 292, + 296, 301, 302, 305, 306, + 308 + SS–18 ICBM, 195, 296, 302, + 308 + SS–20 ICBM, 8, 275 + SS–25 ICBM, 98, 135 + Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle, 134, 135, 152, 177, + 197, 263, 284, 296, 304 + Submarine-launched ballistic missile, 134, 157, 162, 254, + 264, 284, 301, 302, 304 + Submarine-launched cruise missiles, 102, 124, 135, 304, + 305 + Throw-weight, 284, 296, 301, + 302 + Trident SLBM, 77, 98, 172, + 185, 195 + Verification and verification protocols, 97, 104, + 105, 134, 135, 138, 146, + 152, 157, 162, 195 + + + Weinberger, Caspar, 27, 40, 76, 87, 104, 106, 211, 283, 290, 307: + Arms control and disarmament, views on, 77, 138, 142, 161 + Gorbachev's Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the + Year 2000, views on, 178, 243, 282 + Middle East, and, 256 + National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, + 188, 243 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, + 299 + Sokolov, Sergei, counterpart to, 199, 232 + Strategic Defense Initiative, supporter of, 43, 86, + 94, 152, 243, 249, 254 + U.S. national security concerns, response to, 199 + U.S.-Soviet relations, and, 41, + 144, 169 + + + Western Europe, 46, 58, 60, 65, 87, 117, 220: + United States INF deployments (1983), 98 + + + West Germany. See Federal Republic of + Germany + Whitehead, John, 78, 170, 260 + Wick, Charles, 59, 73, 85, 106, 116, 190, 212, 218 + Wickham, Jr., John, 243 + Woessner, Bill, 193, 207, 241 + Wolf, Charles, 214 + Wolfowitz, Paul, 62, 71, 83 + World Health Organization, 230 + World Jewish Congress, 119 + World War II (1939–1945), 5, 74, 107, 152, 246, 306 + Wright, William, 189 + Yeltsin, Boris, 198, 226 + Yemen, 219 + Zagladin, Vadim, 59, 65, 242, 245: + Soviet private channel, related to, 114 + + + Zakharov, Gennady: + Arrest, 267, 268, 270, 272, 273, + 274, 276, 279, 283, 285, + 287, 289, 291, 292, 295 + Daniloff, Nicholas related to, 271, 272, 276, 277, + 279, 280, 283, 285, 288, + 290, 291, 292, 295 + Diplomatic immunity, 267, 268, 274, + 288 + Espionage, allegations of, 283, + 287 + Orlov, Yuri related to, 283, + 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 + Refuseniks, exchanged for, 276, + 279, 283, 288, 289 + Release, 277, 283, 289, + 290, 291, 292 + + + Zamyatin, Leonid M., 151 + Zarechnak, Dimitri: + Geneva Summit (1985), interpreter + for, 150, 151, 156, 157, 158 + Reykjavik Summit (1986), + interpreter for, 301, 306, 307, + 308 + Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, interpreter for, 99, 121, + 134, d135 + + + Zaytsev, Mikhail, 13, 22 + Zhao Ziyang, 729 + Zia, Muhammad, 7 + Zimmermann, Warren, 262 + + +