diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2c80a69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hexrd/_version.py export-subst
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96104eb97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include versioneer.py
+include hexrd/_version.py
diff --git a/_version.py b/_version.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 85c4f0f12..000000000
--- a/_version.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,460 +0,0 @@
-
-# This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
-# git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
-# feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
-# directories (produced by setup.py build) will contain a much shorter file
-# that just contains the computed version number.
-
-# This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
-# versioneer-0.15 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
-
-import errno
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-
-def get_keywords():
-    # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
-    # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
-    # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
-    # get_keywords().
-    git_refnames = "$Format:%d$"
-    git_full = "$Format:%H$"
-    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full}
-    return keywords
-
-
-class VersioneerConfig:
-    pass
-
-
-def get_config():
-    # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
-    # _version.py
-    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
-    cfg.VCS = "git"
-    cfg.style = "pep440"
-    cfg.tag_prefix = "v"
-    cfg.parentdir_prefix = "hexrd-"
-    cfg.versionfile_source = "hexrd/_version.py"
-    cfg.verbose = False
-    return cfg
-
-
-class NotThisMethod(Exception):
-    pass
-
-
-LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
-HANDLERS = {}
-
-
-def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
-    def decorate(f):
-        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
-            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
-        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
-        return f
-    return decorate
-
-
-def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
-    assert isinstance(commands, list)
-    p = None
-    for c in commands:
-        try:
-            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
-            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
-            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
-                                         else None))
-            break
-        except EnvironmentError:
-            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
-            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
-                continue
-            if verbose:
-                print(("unable to run %s" % dispcmd))
-                print(e)
-            return None
-    else:
-        if verbose:
-            print(("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,)))
-        return None
-    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
-    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-        stdout = stdout.decode()
-    if p.returncode != 0:
-        if verbose:
-            print(("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd))
-        return None
-    return stdout
-
-
-def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
-    # Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
-    # both the project name and a version string.
-    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
-    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print(("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with "
-                  "prefix '%s'" % (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix)))
-        raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
-    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
-            "full-revisionid": None,
-            "dirty": False, "error": None}
-
-
-@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
-def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
-    # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
-    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
-    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
-    # _version.py.
-    keywords = {}
-    try:
-        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
-        for line in f.readlines():
-            if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
-                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
-                if mo:
-                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
-            if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
-                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
-                if mo:
-                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
-        f.close()
-    except EnvironmentError:
-        pass
-    return keywords
-
-
-@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
-def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
-    if not keywords:
-        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
-    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
-    if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
-        if verbose:
-            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
-        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
-    refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
-    # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
-    # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
-    TAG = "tag: "
-    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
-    if not tags:
-        # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
-        # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
-        # expansion behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
-        # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us distinguish
-        # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
-        # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
-        # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
-        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
-        if verbose:
-            print(("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs-tags)))
-    if verbose:
-        print(("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags))))
-    for ref in sorted(tags):
-        # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
-        if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
-            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
-            if verbose:
-                print(("picking %s" % r))
-            return {"version": r,
-                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None
-                    }
-    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
-    if verbose:
-        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
-    return {"version": "0+unknown",
-            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags"}
-
-
-@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
-def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
-    # this runs 'git' from the root of the source tree. This only gets called
-    # if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not* expanded, and
-    # _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short version string,
-    # meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
-
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
-        if verbose:
-            print(("no .git in %s" % root))
-        raise NotThisMethod("no .git directory")
-
-    GITS = ["git"]
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
-    # if there is a tag, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
-    # if there are no tags, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
-    describe_out = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
-                                      "--always", "--long"],
-                               cwd=root)
-    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
-    if describe_out is None:
-        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
-    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
-    full_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
-    if full_out is None:
-        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
-    full_out = full_out.strip()
-
-    pieces = {}
-    pieces["long"] = full_out
-    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
-    pieces["error"] = None
-
-    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
-    # TAG might have hyphens.
-    git_describe = describe_out
-
-    # look for -dirty suffix
-    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
-    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
-    if dirty:
-        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
-
-    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
-
-    if "-" in git_describe:
-        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
-        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
-        if not mo:
-            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
-            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
-                               % describe_out)
-            return pieces
-
-        # tag
-        full_tag = mo.group(1)
-        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
-            if verbose:
-                fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
-                print((fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix)))
-            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
-                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
-            return pieces
-        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
-
-        # distance: number of commits since tag
-        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
-
-        # commit: short hex revision ID
-        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
-
-    else:
-        # HEX: no tags
-        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
-        count_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
-                                cwd=root)
-        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
-
-    return pieces
-
-
-def plus_or_dot(pieces):
-    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
-        return "."
-    return "+"
-
-
-def render_pep440(pieces):
-    # now build up version string, with post-release "local version
-    # identifier". Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
-    # get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
-            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
-            if pieces["dirty"]:
-                rendered += ".dirty"
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
-                                          pieces["short"])
-        if pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".dirty"
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
-    # TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] . No -dirty
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        if pieces["distance"]:
-            rendered += ".post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render_pep440_post(pieces):
-    # TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] . The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that
-    # .dev0 sorts backwards (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the
-    # corresponding clean one), but you shouldn't be releasing software with
-    # -dirty anyways.
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
-            if pieces["dirty"]:
-                rendered += ".dev0"
-            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
-            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
-        if pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".dev0"
-        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render_pep440_old(pieces):
-    # TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] . The ".dev0" means dirty.
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
-            if pieces["dirty"]:
-                rendered += ".dev0"
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
-        if pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".dev0"
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render_git_describe(pieces):
-    # TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty], like 'git describe --tags --dirty
-    # --always'
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        if pieces["distance"]:
-            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = pieces["short"]
-    if pieces["dirty"]:
-        rendered += "-dirty"
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
-    # TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty], like 'git describe --tags --dirty
-    # --always -long'. The distance/hash is unconditional.
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
-
-    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
-        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
-    else:
-        # exception #1
-        rendered = pieces["short"]
-    if pieces["dirty"]:
-        rendered += "-dirty"
-    return rendered
-
-
-def render(pieces, style):
-    if pieces["error"]:
-        return {"version": "unknown",
-                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
-                "dirty": None,
-                "error": pieces["error"]}
-
-    if not style or style == "default":
-        style = "pep440"  # the default
-
-    if style == "pep440":
-        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
-    elif style == "pep440-pre":
-        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
-    elif style == "pep440-post":
-        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
-    elif style == "pep440-old":
-        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
-    elif style == "git-describe":
-        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
-    elif style == "git-describe-long":
-        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
-    else:
-        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
-
-    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
-            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None}
-
-
-def get_versions():
-    # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
-    # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
-    # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
-    # case we can only use expanded keywords.
-
-    cfg = get_config()
-    verbose = cfg.verbose
-
-    try:
-        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
-                                          verbose)
-    except NotThisMethod:
-        pass
-
-    try:
-        root = os.path.realpath(__file__)
-        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
-        # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
-        # this to find the root from __file__.
-        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
-    except NameError:
-        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-                "dirty": None,
-                "error": "unable to find root of source tree"}
-
-    try:
-        pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
-        return render(pieces, cfg.style)
-    except NotThisMethod:
-        pass
-
-    try:
-        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
-            return versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
-    except NotThisMethod:
-        pass
-
-    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-            "dirty": None,
-            "error": "unable to compute version"}
diff --git a/hexrd/__init__.py b/hexrd/__init__.py
index 71b1d3e97..c9c5a7a6b 100644
--- a/hexrd/__init__.py
+++ b/hexrd/__init__.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 # Release data
 __author__ = 'HEXRD Development Team <praxes@googlegroups.com>'
-__license__ = 'LGPLv2'
+__license__ = 'BSD'
 
 from ._version import get_versions
 __version__ = get_versions()['version']
diff --git a/hexrd/_version.py b/hexrd/_version.py
index 85c4f0f12..21d8986ff 100644
--- a/hexrd/_version.py
+++ b/hexrd/_version.py
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 # that just contains the computed version number.
 
 # This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
-# versioneer-0.15 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
+# versioneer-0.18 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
+
+"""Git implementation of _version.py."""
 
 import errno
 import os
@@ -16,21 +18,24 @@
 
 
 def get_keywords():
+    """Get the keywords needed to look up the version information."""
     # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
     # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
     # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
     # get_keywords().
     git_refnames = "$Format:%d$"
     git_full = "$Format:%H$"
-    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full}
+    git_date = "$Format:%ci$"
+    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full, "date": git_date}
     return keywords
 
 
 class VersioneerConfig:
-    pass
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
 
 
 def get_config():
+    """Create, populate and return the VersioneerConfig() object."""
     # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
     # _version.py
     cfg = VersioneerConfig()
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ def get_config():
 
 
 class NotThisMethod(Exception):
-    pass
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
 
 
 LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
@@ -52,7 +57,9 @@ class NotThisMethod(Exception):
 
 
 def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
     def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
         if vcs not in HANDLERS:
             HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
         HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
@@ -60,14 +67,17 @@ def decorate(f):
     return decorate
 
 
-def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
+                env=None):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
     assert isinstance(commands, list)
     p = None
     for c in commands:
         try:
             dispcmd = str([c] + args)
             # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
-            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
                                          else None))
             break
@@ -76,39 +86,52 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
             if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                 continue
             if verbose:
-                print(("unable to run %s" % dispcmd))
+                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
                 print(e)
-            return None
+            return None, None
     else:
         if verbose:
-            print(("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,)))
-        return None
+            print("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,))
+        return None, None
     stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
     if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
         stdout = stdout.decode()
     if p.returncode != 0:
         if verbose:
-            print(("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd))
-        return None
-    return stdout
+            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
+            print("stdout was %s" % stdout)
+        return None, p.returncode
+    return stdout, p.returncode
 
 
 def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
-    # Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
-    # both the project name and a version string.
-    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
-    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print(("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with "
-                  "prefix '%s'" % (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix)))
-        raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
-    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
-            "full-revisionid": None,
-            "dirty": False, "error": None}
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes both
+    the project name and a version string. We will also support searching up
+    two directory levels for an appropriately named parent directory
+    """
+    rootdirs = []
+
+    for i in range(3):
+        dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+        if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+                    "full-revisionid": None,
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+        else:
+            rootdirs.append(root)
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s" %
+              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+    raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
 
 
 @register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
 def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
     # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
     # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
     # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
@@ -125,6 +148,10 @@ def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
                     keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_date ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["date"] = mo.group(1)
         f.close()
     except EnvironmentError:
         pass
@@ -133,8 +160,18 @@ def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
 
 @register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
 def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
     if not keywords:
         raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    date = keywords.get("date")
+    if date is not None:
+        # git-2.2.0 added "%cI", which expands to an ISO-8601 -compliant
+        # datestamp. However we prefer "%ci" (which expands to an "ISO-8601
+        # -like" string, which we must then edit to make compliant), because
+        # it's been around since git-1.5.3, and it's too difficult to
+        # discover which version we're using, or to work around using an
+        # older one.
+        date = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
     refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
     if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
         if verbose:
@@ -155,52 +192,57 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
         # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
         tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
         if verbose:
-            print(("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs-tags)))
+            print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
     if verbose:
-        print(("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags))))
+        print("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags)))
     for ref in sorted(tags):
         # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
         if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
             r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
             if verbose:
-                print(("picking %s" % r))
+                print("picking %s" % r)
             return {"version": r,
                     "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-                    "dirty": False, "error": None
-                    }
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
+                    "date": date}
     # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
         print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
     return {"version": "0+unknown",
             "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags"}
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
 
 
 @register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
 def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
-    # this runs 'git' from the root of the source tree. This only gets called
-    # if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not* expanded, and
-    # _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short version string,
-    # meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
-
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
-        if verbose:
-            print(("no .git in %s" % root))
-        raise NotThisMethod("no .git directory")
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
 
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
     GITS = ["git"]
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
-    # if there is a tag, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
-    # if there are no tags, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
-    describe_out = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
-                                      "--always", "--long"],
-                               cwd=root)
+
+    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
+                          hide_stderr=True)
+    if rc != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse --git-dir' returned error")
+
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                          "--always", "--long",
+                                          "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
+                                   cwd=root)
     # --long was added in git-1.5.5
     if describe_out is None:
         raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
     describe_out = describe_out.strip()
-    full_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    full_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
     if full_out is None:
         raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
     full_out = full_out.strip()
@@ -236,7 +278,7 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
         if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
             if verbose:
                 fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
-                print((fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix)))
+                print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
             pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
                                % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
             return pieces
@@ -251,27 +293,34 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     else:
         # HEX: no tags
         pieces["closest-tag"] = None
-        count_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
-                                cwd=root)
+        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                    cwd=root)
         pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
 
+    # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"],
+                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+
     return pieces
 
 
 def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
     if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
         return "."
     return "+"
 
 
 def render_pep440(pieces):
-    # now build up version string, with post-release "local version
-    # identifier". Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
-    # get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
 
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
 
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
@@ -289,11 +338,11 @@ def render_pep440(pieces):
 
 
 def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
-    # TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] . No -dirty
-
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
 
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"]:
@@ -305,14 +354,15 @@ def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
 
 
 def render_pep440_post(pieces):
-    # TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] . The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that
-    # .dev0 sorts backwards (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the
-    # corresponding clean one), but you shouldn't be releasing software with
-    # -dirty anyways.
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
 
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
 
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
@@ -331,11 +381,13 @@ def render_pep440_post(pieces):
 
 
 def render_pep440_old(pieces):
-    # TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] . The ".dev0" means dirty.
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
 
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
 
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
@@ -351,12 +403,13 @@ def render_pep440_old(pieces):
 
 
 def render_git_describe(pieces):
-    # TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty], like 'git describe --tags --dirty
-    # --always'
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
 
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
 
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"]:
@@ -370,12 +423,14 @@ def render_git_describe(pieces):
 
 
 def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
-    # TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty], like 'git describe --tags --dirty
-    # --always -long'. The distance/hash is unconditional.
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
 
-    # exceptions:
-    # 1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
 
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
@@ -388,11 +443,13 @@ def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
 
 
 def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
     if pieces["error"]:
         return {"version": "unknown",
                 "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
                 "dirty": None,
-                "error": pieces["error"]}
+                "error": pieces["error"],
+                "date": None}
 
     if not style or style == "default":
         style = "pep440"  # the default
@@ -413,10 +470,12 @@ def render(pieces, style):
         raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
 
     return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
-            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None}
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
+            "date": pieces.get("date")}
 
 
 def get_versions():
+    """Get version information or return default if unable to do so."""
     # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
     # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
     # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
@@ -441,7 +500,8 @@ def get_versions():
     except NameError:
         return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
                 "dirty": None,
-                "error": "unable to find root of source tree"}
+                "error": "unable to find root of source tree",
+                "date": None}
 
     try:
         pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
@@ -457,4 +517,4 @@ def get_versions():
 
     return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
             "dirty": None,
-            "error": "unable to compute version"}
+            "error": "unable to compute version", "date": None}
diff --git a/hexrd/cli/find_orientations.py b/hexrd/cli/find_orientations.py
index 0a59f67f6..061c020cf 100644
--- a/hexrd/cli/find_orientations.py
+++ b/hexrd/cli/find_orientations.py
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 def configure_parser(sub_parsers):
     p = sub_parsers.add_parser(
         'find-orientations',
-        description = descr,
-        help = descr
+        description=descr,
+        help=descr
         )
     p.add_argument(
         'yml', type=str,
@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ def configure_parser(sub_parsers):
     p.add_argument(
         '-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
         help="don't report progress in terminal"
-        )            import cProfile as profile
-            import pstats
-            from io import StringIO
-
+        )
     p.add_argument(
         '-f', '--force', action='store_true',
         help='overwrites existing analysis'
@@ -81,10 +78,7 @@ def execute(args, parser):
 
     # prepare the analysis directory
     quats_f = os.path.join(
-        cfg.working_dir,            import cProfile as profile
-            import pstats
-            from io import StringIO
-
+        cfg.working_dir,
         'accepted_orientations_%s.dat' % cfg.analysis_id
         )
     if os.path.exists(quats_f) and not (args.force or args.clean):
diff --git a/hexrd/config/__init__.py b/hexrd/config/__init__.py
index c4d47a60e..918560a4d 100644
--- a/hexrd/config/__init__.py
+++ b/hexrd/config/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,14 @@
 from . import utils
 
 
+"""
+Note that we need to use the open() builtin in what was formerly the "open()"
+function. So we define the _open(), and then redefine open() to the new
+function.
+"""
+open_file = open
+
+
 def open(file_name=None):
     """
     Reads configuration settings from a yaml file.
@@ -14,14 +22,14 @@ def open(file_name=None):
     if file_name is None:
         return [root.RootConfig({})]
 
-    with open(file_name) as f:
+    with open_file(file_name) as f:
         res = []
         for cfg in yaml.load_all(f, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader):
             try:
                 # take the previous config section and update with values
                 # from the current one
                 res.append(utils.merge_dicts(res[0], cfg))
-            except(IndexError):
+            except IndexError:
                 # this is the first config section
                 res.append(cfg)
         return [root.RootConfig(i) for i in res]
@@ -30,7 +38,7 @@ def open(file_name=None):
 def save(config_list, file_name):
     res = [cfg._cfg for cfg in config_list]
 
-    with open(file_name, 'w') as f:
+    with file(file_name, 'w') as f:
         if len(res) > 1:
             yaml.dump_all(res, f)
         else:
diff --git a/hexrd/config/findorientations.py b/hexrd/config/findorientations.py
index bd7717867..1e5bb613e 100644
--- a/hexrd/config/findorientations.py
+++ b/hexrd/config/findorientations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import os
 
+import logging
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from .config import Config
@@ -9,15 +11,16 @@
 
 # TODO: set these as defaults
 seed_search_methods = {
-    'label':dict(filter_radius=1, threshold=1),
-    'blob_log':dict(min_sigma=0.5, max_sigma=5,
-                    num_sigma=10, threshold=0.01,
-                    overlap=0.1),
-    'blob_dog':dict(min_sigma=0.5, max_sigma=5,
-                    sigma_ratio=1.6,
-                    threshold=0.01, overlap=0.1)
+    'label': dict(filter_radius=1, threshold=1),
+    'blob_log': dict(min_sigma=0.5, max_sigma=5,
+                     num_sigma=10, threshold=0.01,
+                     overlap=0.1),
+    'blob_dog': dict(min_sigma=0.5, max_sigma=5,
+                     sigma_ratio=1.6,
+                     threshold=0.01, overlap=0.1)
 }
 
+
 class FindOrientationsConfig(Config):
 
     # Subsections
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ def orientation_maps(self):
     @property
     def seed_search(self):
         return SeedSearchConfig(self._cfg)
-    
+
     @property
     def clustering(self):
         return ClusteringConfig(self._cfg)
@@ -41,7 +44,6 @@ def eta(self):
     def omega(self):
         return OmegaConfig(self._cfg)
 
-
     # Simple Values
     @property
     def threshold(self):
@@ -150,8 +152,7 @@ def range(self):
         mask = self.mask
         if mask is None:
             return mask
-        return [[-90 + mask, 90 - mask],
-                [ 90 + mask, 270 - mask]]
+        return np.array([[-90. + mask, 90. - mask], [90. + mask, 270. - mask]])
 
 
 class SeedSearchConfig(Config):
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ def hkl_seeds(self):
         try:
             temp = self._cfg.get(key)
             if isinstance(temp, int):
-                temp = [temp,]
+                temp = [temp, ]
             return temp
         except:
             if self._cfg.find_orientations.use_quaternion_grid is None:
diff --git a/hexrd/findorientations.py b/hexrd/findorientations.py
index 53b75478d..902de2098 100755
--- a/hexrd/findorientations.py
+++ b/hexrd/findorientations.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import logging
 import multiprocessing as mp
 import os
@@ -8,19 +6,20 @@
 import numpy as np
 # np.seterr(over='ignore', invalid='ignore')
 
-import tqdm
+# import tqdm
 
 import scipy.cluster as cluster
 from scipy import ndimage
+
 from skimage.feature import blob_dog, blob_log
 
 from hexrd import constants as const
 from hexrd import matrixutil as mutil
-from hexrd.xrd import indexer
+from hexrd import indexer
 from hexrd import instrument
-from hexrd.xrd import rotations as rot
-from hexrd.xrd import transforms_CAPI as xfcapi
-from hexrd.xrd.xrdutil import EtaOmeMaps
+from hexrd import rotations as rot
+from hexrd.transforms import xfcapi
+from hexrd.xrdutil import EtaOmeMaps
 
 # just require scikit-learn?
 have_sklearn = False
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@
     pass
 
 
-save_as_ascii = False  # FIX LATER...
+save_as_ascii = False  # FIXME LATER...
 fwhm_to_stdev = 1./np.sqrt(8*np.log(2))
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -46,6 +45,17 @@
 # =============================================================================
 
 
+def _process_omegas(omegaimageseries_dict):
+    """Extract omega period and ranges from an OmegaImageseries dictionary."""
+    oims = next(iter(omegaimageseries_dict.values()))
+    ome_period = oims.omega[0, 0] + np.r_[0., 360.]
+    ome_ranges = [
+        ([i['ostart'], i['ostop']])
+        for i in oims.omegawedges.wedges
+    ]    
+    return ome_period, ome_ranges
+
+
 def generate_orientation_fibers(cfg, eta_ome):
     """
     From ome-eta maps and hklid spec, generate list of
@@ -62,7 +72,7 @@ def generate_orientation_fibers(cfg, eta_ome):
     # !!! note that the config enforces that method is a dict with length 1
     # TODO: put a consistency check on required kwargs, or otherwise specify
     #       default values for each case?  They must be specified as of now.
-    method = next(method_dict.iterkeys())
+    method = next(iter(method_dict.keys()))
     method_kwargs = method_dict[method]
     logger.info('\tusing "%s" method for fiber generation'
                 % method)
@@ -198,11 +208,11 @@ def discretefiber_init(params):
     global paramMP
     paramMP = params
 
-    
+
 def discretefiber_cleanup():
     global paramMP
     del paramMP
-    
+
 
 def discretefiber_reduced(params_in):
     """
@@ -493,10 +503,8 @@ def generate_eta_ome_maps(cfg, hkls=None):
     imsd = cfg.image_series
 
     # handle omega period
-    # !!! we assume all detector ims have the same ome ranges, so any will do!
-    oims = next(imsd.itervalues())
-    ome_period = oims.omega[0, 0] + np.r_[0., 360.]
-
+    ome_period, _ = _process_omegas(imsd)
+    
     start = timeit.default_timer()
 
     # make eta_ome maps
@@ -564,15 +572,8 @@ def find_orientations(cfg,
     ome_tol = np.radians(cfg.find_orientations.omega.tolerance)
 
     # handle omega period
-    # !!! We assume all detector ims have the same ome ranges;
-    #     therefore any will do for this purpose.
-    oims = next(imsd.itervalues())
-    ome_period = oims.omega[0, 0] + np.r_[0., 360.]
-    ome_ranges = [
-            ([i['ostart'], i['ostop']])
-            for i in oims.omegawedges.wedges
-        ]
-
+    ome_period, ome_ranges = _process_omegas(imsd)
+    
     # for multiprocessing
     ncpus = cfg.multiprocessing
 
@@ -748,7 +749,7 @@ def find_orientations(cfg,
 
         refl_per_grain = np.zeros(ngrains)
         seed_refl_per_grain = np.zeros(ngrains)
-        for sim_result in sim_results.itervalues():
+        for sim_result in sim_results.values():
             for i, refl_ids in enumerate(sim_result[0]):
                 refl_per_grain[i] += len(refl_ids)
                 seed_refl_per_grain[i] += np.sum(
diff --git a/hexrd/fitgrains.py b/hexrd/fitgrains.py
index f26f6230d..9ed5bcb93 100644
--- a/hexrd/fitgrains.py
+++ b/hexrd/fitgrains.py
@@ -5,25 +5,21 @@
 
 @author: bernier2
 """
-from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import
-
 import os
 import logging
 import multiprocessing
 import numpy as np
 import timeit
-import sys
-import yaml
 
-from hexrd import config
 from hexrd import constants as cnst
 from hexrd import instrument
-from hexrd.xrd import transforms_CAPI as xfcapi
+from hexrd.transforms import xfcapi
+from hexrd.fitting import fitGrain, objFuncFitGrain, gFlag_ref
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# multiprocessing fit funcs
 
+# multiprocessing fit funcs
 def fit_grain_FF_init(params):
     """
     Broadcast the fitting parameters as globals for multiprocessing
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ def fit_grain_FF_init(params):
     Returns
     -------
     None.
-    
+
     Notes
     -----
     See fit_grain_FF_reduced for specification.
@@ -70,7 +66,7 @@ def fit_grain_FF_reduced(grain_id):
         The ratio of predicted to measured (observed) Bragg reflections.
     chisq: float
         Figure of merit describing the sum of squared residuals for each Bragg
-        reflection in the form (x, y, omega) normalized by the total number of 
+        reflection in the form (x, y, omega) normalized by the total number of
         degrees of freedom.
     grain_params : array_like
         The optimized grain parameters
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ def fit_grain_FF_reduced(grain_id):
 
     Notes
     -----
-    input parameters are 
+    input parameters are
     [plane_data, instrument, imgser_dict,
     tth_tol, eta_tol, ome_tol, npdiv, threshold]
     """
@@ -284,7 +280,7 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
     grains_filename = os.path.join(
         cfg.analysis_dir, 'grains.out'
     )
-        
+
     # grab imageseries dict
     imsd = cfg.image_series
 
@@ -320,28 +316,30 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
         for det_key in instr.detectors:
             if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(cfg.analysis_dir, det_key)):
                 os.mkdir(os.path.join(cfg.analysis_dir, det_key))
-    
+
     # grab eta ranges and ome_period
     eta_ranges = np.radians(cfg.find_orientations.eta.range)
 
     # handle omega period
     # !!! we assume all detector ims have the same ome ranges, so any will do!
-    oims = next(imsd.itervalues())
+    oims = next(iter(imsd.values()))
     ome_period = np.radians(oims.omega[0, 0] + np.r_[0., 360.])
-    
+
     # number of processes
     ncpus = cfg.multiprocessing
-    
+
     # threshold for fitting
     threshold = cfg.fit_grains.threshold
 
     # some conditions for arg handling
     existing_analysis = os.path.exists(grains_filename)
-    new_with_estimate = not existing_analysis and estimate is not None
-    new_without_estimate = not existing_analysis and estimate is None
-    force_with_estimate = force and cfg.fit_grains.estimate is not None 
+    new_with_estimate = not existing_analysis \
+        and cfg.fit_grains.estimate is not None
+    new_without_estimate = not existing_analysis \
+        and cfg.fit_grains.estimate is None
+    force_with_estimate = force and cfg.fit_grains.estimate is not None
     force_without_estimate = force and cfg.fit_grains.estimate is None
-    
+
     # handle args
     if clean or force_without_estimate or new_without_estimate:
         # need accepted orientations from indexing in this case
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
             qbar = np.loadtxt(
                 'accepted_orientations_' + cfg.analysis_id + '.dat',
                 ndmin=2).T
-            
+
             gw = instrument.GrainDataWriter(grains_filename)
             for i_g, q in enumerate(qbar.T):
                 phi = 2*np.arccos(q[0])
@@ -376,9 +374,9 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
         grains_filename = cfg.fit_grains.estimate
     elif existing_analysis and not (clean or force):
         raise(RuntimeError,
-              "fit results '%s' exist, but --clean or --force options not specified"
-              % grains_filename)
-        
+              "fit results '%s' exist, " % grains_filename
+              + "but --clean or --force options not specified")
+
     # load grains table
     grains_table = np.loadtxt(grains_filename, ndmin=2)
     if ids_to_refine is not None:
@@ -399,11 +397,11 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
             ome_period=ome_period,
             analysis_dirname=cfg.analysis_dir,
             spots_filename=spots_filename)
-    
+
     # =====================================================================
     # EXECUTE MP FIT
     # =====================================================================
-    
+
     # DO FIT!
     if len(grains_table) == 1 or ncpus == 1:
         logger.info("\tstarting serial fit")
@@ -434,11 +432,11 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
         pool.join()
         elapsed = timeit.default_timer() - start
     logger.info("fitting took %f seconds", elapsed)
-    
+
     # =====================================================================
     # WRITE OUTPUT
     # =====================================================================
-    
+
     gw = instrument.GrainDataWriter(
         os.path.join(cfg.analysis_dir, 'grains.out')
     )
@@ -446,4 +444,3 @@ def fit_grains(cfg,
         gw.dump_grain(*fit_result)
         pass
     gw.close()
-
diff --git a/hexrd/fitting/__init__.py b/hexrd/fitting/__init__.py
index bd6b85194..139c20cbd 100644
--- a/hexrd/fitting/__init__.py
+++ b/hexrd/fitting/__init__.py
@@ -1,35 +1,34 @@
 # ============================================================
-# Copyright (c) 2012, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. 
-# Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 
-# Written by Joel Bernier <bernier2@llnl.gov> and others. 
-# LLNL-CODE-529294. 
+# Copyright (c) 2012, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
+# Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
+# Written by Joel Bernier <bernier2@llnl.gov> and others.
+# LLNL-CODE-529294.
 # All rights reserved.
-# 
+#
 # This file is part of HEXRD. For details on dowloading the source,
 # see the file COPYING.
-# 
+#
 # Please also see the file LICENSE.
-# 
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (as published by the Free Software
-# Foundation) version 2.1 dated February 1999.
-# 
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (as published by the Free
+# Software Foundation) version 2.1 dated February 1999.
+#
 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY 
-# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the terms and conditions of the 
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY
+# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the terms and conditions of the
 # GNU General Public License for more details.
-# 
+#
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 # License along with this program (see file LICENSE); if not, write to
 # the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
 # Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA or visit <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 # ============================================================
-"""Functions for peak fitting
 """
+Functions for peak fitting
+"""
+from . import grains
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
+fitGrain = grains.fitGrain
+objFuncFitGrain = grains.objFuncFitGrain
+gFlag_ref = grains.gFlag_ref
diff --git a/hexrd/fitting/grains.py b/hexrd/fitting/grains.py
index c0e8fcb21..cbd4cf2f2 100644
--- a/hexrd/fitting/grains.py
+++ b/hexrd/fitting/grains.py
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@
 
 from hexrd import matrixutil as mutil
 
-from hexrd import transforms as xf
 from hexrd.transforms import xfcapi
-from hexrd import distortion as dFuncs
 
 from hexrd.xrdutil import extract_detector_transformation
 
@@ -33,6 +31,43 @@ def fitGrain(gFull, instrument, reflections_dict,
              omePeriod=None,
              factor=0.1, xtol=sqrt_epsf, ftol=sqrt_epsf):
     """
+    Perform least-squares optimization of grain parameters.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gFull : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    instrument : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    reflections_dict : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    bMat : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    wavelength : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    gFlag : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is gFlag_ref.
+    gScl : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is gScl_ref.
+    omePeriod : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is None.
+    factor : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is 0.1.
+    xtol : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is sqrt_epsf.
+    ftol : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is sqrt_epsf.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    RuntimeError
+        DESCRIPTION.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    retval : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+
     """
     # FIXME: will currently fail if omePeriod is specifed
     if omePeriod is not None:
@@ -62,6 +97,8 @@ def objFuncFitGrain(gFit, gFull, gFlag,
                     simOnly=False,
                     return_value_flag=return_value_flag):
     """
+    Calculate residual between measured and simulated ff-HEDM G-vectors.
+
     gFull[0]  = expMap_c[0]
     gFull[1]  = expMap_c[1]
     gFull[2]  = expMap_c[2]
@@ -83,8 +120,41 @@ def objFuncFitGrain(gFit, gFull, gFlag,
                     dFunc, dParams,
                     omePeriod,
                     simOnly=False, return_value_flag=return_value_flag)
-    """
 
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gFit : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    gFull : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    gFlag : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    instrument : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    reflections_dict : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    bMat : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    wavelength : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    omePeriod : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+    simOnly : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is False.
+    return_value_flag : TYPE, optional
+        DESCRIPTION. The default is return_value_flag.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    RuntimeError
+        DESCRIPTION.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    retval : TYPE
+        DESCRIPTION.
+
+    """
     bVec = instrument.beam_vector
     eVec = instrument.eta_vector
 
diff --git a/hexrd/instrument.py b/hexrd/instrument.py
index 6b32f7067..b1183074c 100644
--- a/hexrd/instrument.py
+++ b/hexrd/instrument.py
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ def pull_spots(self, plane_data, grain_params,
         #
         # WARNING: all imageseries AND all wedges within are assumed to have
         # the same omega values; put in a check that they are all the same???
-        (det_key, oims0), = imgser_dict.items()
+        oims0 = next(iter(imgser_dict.values()))
         ome_ranges = [np.radians([i['ostart'], i['ostop']])
                       for i in oims0.omegawedges.wedges]
 
@@ -1512,9 +1512,7 @@ def __init__(self,
 
         self._saturation_level = saturation_level
 
-        if panel_buffer is None:
-            self._panel_buffer = 20*np.r_[self._pixel_size_col,
-                                          self._pixel_size_row]
+        self._panel_buffer = panel_buffer
 
         self._roi = roi
 
diff --git a/hexrd/xrdutil.py b/hexrd/xrdutil.py
index 156bc28bc..cbcce4504 100644
--- a/hexrd/xrdutil.py
+++ b/hexrd/xrdutil.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 from hexrd import matrixutil as mutil
 from hexrd import gridutil as gutil
 
-from hexrd.crystallography import processWavelength
+from hexrd.crystallography import processWavelength, PlaneData
 
 from hexrd.transforms import xf
 from hexrd.transforms import xfcapi
@@ -60,6 +60,29 @@
 _memo_hkls = {}
 
 
+class EtaOmeMaps(object):
+    """
+    find-orientations loads pickled eta-ome data, but CollapseOmeEta is not
+    pickleable, because it holds a list of ReadGE, each of which holds a
+    reference to an open file object, which is not pickleable.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, ome_eta_archive):
+
+        ome_eta = np.load(ome_eta_archive, allow_pickle=True)
+
+        planeData_args = ome_eta['planeData_args']
+        planeData_hkls = ome_eta['planeData_hkls']
+        self.planeData = PlaneData(planeData_hkls, *planeData_args)
+        self.dataStore = ome_eta['dataStore']
+        self.iHKLList = ome_eta['iHKLList']
+        self.etaEdges = ome_eta['etaEdges']
+        self.omeEdges = ome_eta['omeEdges']
+        self.etas = ome_eta['etas']
+        self.omegas = ome_eta['omegas']
+    pass  # end of class: EtaOmeMaps
+
+
 def _zproject(x, y):
     return np.cos(x) * np.sin(y) - np.sin(x) * np.cos(y)
 
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 6ee3670a3..773c05475 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import os
 from setuptools import setup, find_packages, Extension
+import versioneer
 
 import numpy
 np_include_dir = os.path.join(numpy.get_include(), 'numpy')
@@ -48,15 +49,22 @@ def get_extension_modules():
 
 ext_modules = get_extension_modules()
 
+# use entry_points, not scripts:
+entry_points = {
+    'console_scripts': ["hexrd = hexrd.cli.main:main"]
+    }
+
 setup(
     name='hexrd',
-    use_scm_version=True,
+    version=versioneer.get_version(),
+    cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),
     setup_requires=['setuptools-scm'],
-    description='',
-    long_description='',
-    author='Kitware, Inc.',
-    author_email='kitware@kitware.com',
-    url='https://github.com/cryos/hexrd',
+    use_scm_version=True,
+    description = 'hexrd X-ray diffraction data analysis tool',
+    long_description = open('README.md').read(),
+    author='The hexrd Development Team',
+    author_email='joelvbernier@me.com',
+    url='https://github.com/HEXRD/hexrd',
     license='BSD',
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 3 - Alpha',
@@ -67,8 +75,9 @@ def get_extension_modules():
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6'
     ],
+    entry_points = entry_points,
     ext_modules=ext_modules,
     packages=find_packages(),
-    python_requires='>=3.6',
+    python_requires='>=3.8',
     install_requires=install_reqs
 )
diff --git a/versioneer.py b/versioneer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64fea1c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/versioneer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1822 @@
+
+# Version: 0.18
+
+"""The Versioneer - like a rocketeer, but for versions.
+
+The Versioneer
+==============
+
+* like a rocketeer, but for versions!
+* https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer
+* Brian Warner
+* License: Public Domain
+* Compatible With: python2.6, 2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, and pypy
+* [![Latest Version]
+(https://pypip.in/version/versioneer/badge.svg?style=flat)
+](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/versioneer/)
+* [![Build Status]
+(https://travis-ci.org/warner/python-versioneer.png?branch=master)
+](https://travis-ci.org/warner/python-versioneer)
+
+This is a tool for managing a recorded version number in distutils-based
+python projects. The goal is to remove the tedious and error-prone "update
+the embedded version string" step from your release process. Making a new
+release should be as easy as recording a new tag in your version-control
+system, and maybe making new tarballs.
+
+
+## Quick Install
+
+* `pip install versioneer` to somewhere to your $PATH
+* add a `[versioneer]` section to your setup.cfg (see below)
+* run `versioneer install` in your source tree, commit the results
+
+## Version Identifiers
+
+Source trees come from a variety of places:
+
+* a version-control system checkout (mostly used by developers)
+* a nightly tarball, produced by build automation
+* a snapshot tarball, produced by a web-based VCS browser, like github's
+  "tarball from tag" feature
+* a release tarball, produced by "setup.py sdist", distributed through PyPI
+
+Within each source tree, the version identifier (either a string or a number,
+this tool is format-agnostic) can come from a variety of places:
+
+* ask the VCS tool itself, e.g. "git describe" (for checkouts), which knows
+  about recent "tags" and an absolute revision-id
+* the name of the directory into which the tarball was unpacked
+* an expanded VCS keyword ($Id$, etc)
+* a `_version.py` created by some earlier build step
+
+For released software, the version identifier is closely related to a VCS
+tag. Some projects use tag names that include more than just the version
+string (e.g. "myproject-1.2" instead of just "1.2"), in which case the tool
+needs to strip the tag prefix to extract the version identifier. For
+unreleased software (between tags), the version identifier should provide
+enough information to help developers recreate the same tree, while also
+giving them an idea of roughly how old the tree is (after version 1.2, before
+version 1.3). Many VCS systems can report a description that captures this,
+for example `git describe --tags --dirty --always` reports things like
+"0.7-1-g574ab98-dirty" to indicate that the checkout is one revision past the
+0.7 tag, has a unique revision id of "574ab98", and is "dirty" (it has
+uncommitted changes.
+
+The version identifier is used for multiple purposes:
+
+* to allow the module to self-identify its version: `myproject.__version__`
+* to choose a name and prefix for a 'setup.py sdist' tarball
+
+## Theory of Operation
+
+Versioneer works by adding a special `_version.py` file into your source
+tree, where your `__init__.py` can import it. This `_version.py` knows how to
+dynamically ask the VCS tool for version information at import time.
+
+`_version.py` also contains `$Revision$` markers, and the installation
+process marks `_version.py` to have this marker rewritten with a tag name
+during the `git archive` command. As a result, generated tarballs will
+contain enough information to get the proper version.
+
+To allow `setup.py` to compute a version too, a `versioneer.py` is added to
+the top level of your source tree, next to `setup.py` and the `setup.cfg`
+that configures it. This overrides several distutils/setuptools commands to
+compute the version when invoked, and changes `setup.py build` and `setup.py
+sdist` to replace `_version.py` with a small static file that contains just
+the generated version data.
+
+## Installation
+
+See [INSTALL.md](./INSTALL.md) for detailed installation instructions.
+
+## Version-String Flavors
+
+Code which uses Versioneer can learn about its version string at runtime by
+importing `_version` from your main `__init__.py` file and running the
+`get_versions()` function. From the "outside" (e.g. in `setup.py`), you can
+import the top-level `versioneer.py` and run `get_versions()`.
+
+Both functions return a dictionary with different flavors of version
+information:
+
+* `['version']`: A condensed version string, rendered using the selected
+  style. This is the most commonly used value for the project's version
+  string. The default "pep440" style yields strings like `0.11`,
+  `0.11+2.g1076c97`, or `0.11+2.g1076c97.dirty`. See the "Styles" section
+  below for alternative styles.
+
+* `['full-revisionid']`: detailed revision identifier. For Git, this is the
+  full SHA1 commit id, e.g. "1076c978a8d3cfc70f408fe5974aa6c092c949ac".
+
+* `['date']`: Date and time of the latest `HEAD` commit. For Git, it is the
+  commit date in ISO 8601 format. This will be None if the date is not
+  available.
+
+* `['dirty']`: a boolean, True if the tree has uncommitted changes. Note that
+  this is only accurate if run in a VCS checkout, otherwise it is likely to
+  be False or None
+
+* `['error']`: if the version string could not be computed, this will be set
+  to a string describing the problem, otherwise it will be None. It may be
+  useful to throw an exception in setup.py if this is set, to avoid e.g.
+  creating tarballs with a version string of "unknown".
+
+Some variants are more useful than others. Including `full-revisionid` in a
+bug report should allow developers to reconstruct the exact code being tested
+(or indicate the presence of local changes that should be shared with the
+developers). `version` is suitable for display in an "about" box or a CLI
+`--version` output: it can be easily compared against release notes and lists
+of bugs fixed in various releases.
+
+The installer adds the following text to your `__init__.py` to place a basic
+version in `YOURPROJECT.__version__`:
+
+    from ._version import get_versions
+    __version__ = get_versions()['version']
+    del get_versions
+
+## Styles
+
+The setup.cfg `style=` configuration controls how the VCS information is
+rendered into a version string.
+
+The default style, "pep440", produces a PEP440-compliant string, equal to the
+un-prefixed tag name for actual releases, and containing an additional "local
+version" section with more detail for in-between builds. For Git, this is
+TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] , using information from `git describe --tags
+--dirty --always`. For example "0.11+2.g1076c97.dirty" indicates that the
+tree is like the "1076c97" commit but has uncommitted changes (".dirty"), and
+that this commit is two revisions ("+2") beyond the "0.11" tag. For released
+software (exactly equal to a known tag), the identifier will only contain the
+stripped tag, e.g. "0.11".
+
+Other styles are available. See [details.md](details.md) in the Versioneer
+source tree for descriptions.
+
+## Debugging
+
+Versioneer tries to avoid fatal errors: if something goes wrong, it will tend
+to return a version of "0+unknown". To investigate the problem, run `setup.py
+version`, which will run the version-lookup code in a verbose mode, and will
+display the full contents of `get_versions()` (including the `error` string,
+which may help identify what went wrong).
+
+## Known Limitations
+
+Some situations are known to cause problems for Versioneer. This details the
+most significant ones. More can be found on Github
+[issues page](https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues).
+
+### Subprojects
+
+Versioneer has limited support for source trees in which `setup.py` is not in
+the root directory (e.g. `setup.py` and `.git/` are *not* siblings). The are
+two common reasons why `setup.py` might not be in the root:
+
+* Source trees which contain multiple subprojects, such as
+  [Buildbot](https://github.com/buildbot/buildbot), which contains both
+  "master" and "slave" subprojects, each with their own `setup.py`,
+  `setup.cfg`, and `tox.ini`. Projects like these produce multiple PyPI
+  distributions (and upload multiple independently-installable tarballs).
+* Source trees whose main purpose is to contain a C library, but which also
+  provide bindings to Python (and perhaps other langauges) in subdirectories.
+
+Versioneer will look for `.git` in parent directories, and most operations
+should get the right version string. However `pip` and `setuptools` have bugs
+and implementation details which frequently cause `pip install .` from a
+subproject directory to fail to find a correct version string (so it usually
+defaults to `0+unknown`).
+
+`pip install --editable .` should work correctly. `setup.py install` might
+work too.
+
+Pip-8.1.1 is known to have this problem, but hopefully it will get fixed in
+some later version.
+
+[Bug #38](https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/38) is tracking
+this issue. The discussion in
+[PR #61](https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/pull/61) describes the
+issue from the Versioneer side in more detail.
+[pip PR#3176](https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3176) and
+[pip PR#3615](https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3615) contain work to improve
+pip to let Versioneer work correctly.
+
+Versioneer-0.16 and earlier only looked for a `.git` directory next to the
+`setup.cfg`, so subprojects were completely unsupported with those releases.
+
+### Editable installs with setuptools <= 18.5
+
+`setup.py develop` and `pip install --editable .` allow you to install a
+project into a virtualenv once, then continue editing the source code (and
+test) without re-installing after every change.
+
+"Entry-point scripts" (`setup(entry_points={"console_scripts": ..})`) are a
+convenient way to specify executable scripts that should be installed along
+with the python package.
+
+These both work as expected when using modern setuptools. When using
+setuptools-18.5 or earlier, however, certain operations will cause
+`pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound` errors when running the entrypoint
+script, which must be resolved by re-installing the package. This happens
+when the install happens with one version, then the egg_info data is
+regenerated while a different version is checked out. Many setup.py commands
+cause egg_info to be rebuilt (including `sdist`, `wheel`, and installing into
+a different virtualenv), so this can be surprising.
+
+[Bug #83](https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/83) describes
+this one, but upgrading to a newer version of setuptools should probably
+resolve it.
+
+### Unicode version strings
+
+While Versioneer works (and is continually tested) with both Python 2 and
+Python 3, it is not entirely consistent with bytes-vs-unicode distinctions.
+Newer releases probably generate unicode version strings on py2. It's not
+clear that this is wrong, but it may be surprising for applications when then
+write these strings to a network connection or include them in bytes-oriented
+APIs like cryptographic checksums.
+
+[Bug #71](https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/71) investigates
+this question.
+
+
+## Updating Versioneer
+
+To upgrade your project to a new release of Versioneer, do the following:
+
+* install the new Versioneer (`pip install -U versioneer` or equivalent)
+* edit `setup.cfg`, if necessary, to include any new configuration settings
+  indicated by the release notes. See [UPGRADING](./UPGRADING.md) for details.
+* re-run `versioneer install` in your source tree, to replace
+  `SRC/_version.py`
+* commit any changed files
+
+## Future Directions
+
+This tool is designed to make it easily extended to other version-control
+systems: all VCS-specific components are in separate directories like
+src/git/ . The top-level `versioneer.py` script is assembled from these
+components by running make-versioneer.py . In the future, make-versioneer.py
+will take a VCS name as an argument, and will construct a version of
+`versioneer.py` that is specific to the given VCS. It might also take the
+configuration arguments that are currently provided manually during
+installation by editing setup.py . Alternatively, it might go the other
+direction and include code from all supported VCS systems, reducing the
+number of intermediate scripts.
+
+
+## License
+
+To make Versioneer easier to embed, all its code is dedicated to the public
+domain. The `_version.py` that it creates is also in the public domain.
+Specifically, both are released under the Creative Commons "Public Domain
+Dedication" license (CC0-1.0), as described in
+https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ .
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+try:
+    import configparser
+except ImportError:
+    import ConfigParser as configparser
+import errno
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_root():
+    """Get the project root directory.
+
+    We require that all commands are run from the project root, i.e. the
+    directory that contains setup.py, setup.cfg, and versioneer.py .
+    """
+    root = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(os.getcwd()))
+    setup_py = os.path.join(root, "setup.py")
+    versioneer_py = os.path.join(root, "versioneer.py")
+    if not (os.path.exists(setup_py) or os.path.exists(versioneer_py)):
+        # allow 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND'
+        root = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])))
+        setup_py = os.path.join(root, "setup.py")
+        versioneer_py = os.path.join(root, "versioneer.py")
+    if not (os.path.exists(setup_py) or os.path.exists(versioneer_py)):
+        err = ("Versioneer was unable to run the project root directory. "
+               "Versioneer requires setup.py to be executed from "
+               "its immediate directory (like 'python setup.py COMMAND'), "
+               "or in a way that lets it use sys.argv[0] to find the root "
+               "(like 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND').")
+        raise VersioneerBadRootError(err)
+    try:
+        # Certain runtime workflows (setup.py install/develop in a setuptools
+        # tree) execute all dependencies in a single python process, so
+        # "versioneer" may be imported multiple times, and python's shared
+        # module-import table will cache the first one. So we can't use
+        # os.path.dirname(__file__), as that will find whichever
+        # versioneer.py was first imported, even in later projects.
+        me = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+        me_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.splitext(me)[0])
+        vsr_dir = os.path.normcase(os.path.splitext(versioneer_py)[0])
+        if me_dir != vsr_dir:
+            print("Warning: build in %s is using versioneer.py from %s"
+                  % (os.path.dirname(me), versioneer_py))
+    except NameError:
+        pass
+    return root
+
+
+def get_config_from_root(root):
+    """Read the project setup.cfg file to determine Versioneer config."""
+    # This might raise EnvironmentError (if setup.cfg is missing), or
+    # configparser.NoSectionError (if it lacks a [versioneer] section), or
+    # configparser.NoOptionError (if it lacks "VCS="). See the docstring at
+    # the top of versioneer.py for instructions on writing your setup.cfg .
+    setup_cfg = os.path.join(root, "setup.cfg")
+    parser = configparser.SafeConfigParser()
+    with open(setup_cfg, "r") as f:
+        parser.readfp(f)
+    VCS = parser.get("versioneer", "VCS")  # mandatory
+
+    def get(parser, name):
+        if parser.has_option("versioneer", name):
+            return parser.get("versioneer", name)
+        return None
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = VCS
+    cfg.style = get(parser, "style") or ""
+    cfg.versionfile_source = get(parser, "versionfile_source")
+    cfg.versionfile_build = get(parser, "versionfile_build")
+    cfg.tag_prefix = get(parser, "tag_prefix")
+    if cfg.tag_prefix in ("''", '""'):
+        cfg.tag_prefix = ""
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = get(parser, "parentdir_prefix")
+    cfg.verbose = get(parser, "verbose")
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+
+# these dictionaries contain VCS-specific tools
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
+                env=None):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None, None
+    else:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,))
+        return None, None
+    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        stdout = stdout.decode()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
+            print("stdout was %s" % stdout)
+        return None, p.returncode
+    return stdout, p.returncode
+
+
+LONG_VERSION_PY['git'] = '''
+# This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
+# git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
+# feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
+# directories (produced by setup.py build) will contain a much shorter file
+# that just contains the computed version number.
+
+# This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
+# versioneer-0.18 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
+
+"""Git implementation of _version.py."""
+
+import errno
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def get_keywords():
+    """Get the keywords needed to look up the version information."""
+    # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
+    # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
+    # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
+    # get_keywords().
+    git_refnames = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%d%(DOLLAR)s"
+    git_full = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%H%(DOLLAR)s"
+    git_date = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%ci%(DOLLAR)s"
+    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full, "date": git_date}
+    return keywords
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_config():
+    """Create, populate and return the VersioneerConfig() object."""
+    # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
+    # _version.py
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = "git"
+    cfg.style = "%(STYLE)s"
+    cfg.tag_prefix = "%(TAG_PREFIX)s"
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = "%(PARENTDIR_PREFIX)s"
+    cfg.versionfile_source = "%(VERSIONFILE_SOURCE)s"
+    cfg.verbose = False
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
+                env=None):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %%s" %% dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None, None
+    else:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to find command, tried %%s" %% (commands,))
+        return None, None
+    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        stdout = stdout.decode()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to run %%s (error)" %% dispcmd)
+            print("stdout was %%s" %% stdout)
+        return None, p.returncode
+    return stdout, p.returncode
+
+
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes both
+    the project name and a version string. We will also support searching up
+    two directory levels for an appropriately named parent directory
+    """
+    rootdirs = []
+
+    for i in range(3):
+        dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+        if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+                    "full-revisionid": None,
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+        else:
+            rootdirs.append(root)
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Tried directories %%s but none started with prefix %%s" %%
+              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+    raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
+    # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
+    # _version.py.
+    keywords = {}
+    try:
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_date ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["date"] = mo.group(1)
+        f.close()
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    return keywords
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    date = keywords.get("date")
+    if date is not None:
+        # git-2.2.0 added "%%cI", which expands to an ISO-8601 -compliant
+        # datestamp. However we prefer "%%ci" (which expands to an "ISO-8601
+        # -like" string, which we must then edit to make compliant), because
+        # it's been around since git-1.5.3, and it's too difficult to
+        # discover which version we're using, or to work around using an
+        # older one.
+        date = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
+    if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
+        if verbose:
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
+    refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
+    # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
+    # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
+    TAG = "tag: "
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
+    if not tags:
+        # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
+        # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %%d
+        # expansion behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
+        # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us distinguish
+        # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
+        # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
+        # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        if verbose:
+            print("discarding '%%s', no digits" %% ",".join(refs - tags))
+    if verbose:
+        print("likely tags: %%s" %% ",".join(sorted(tags)))
+    for ref in sorted(tags):
+        # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
+        if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
+            if verbose:
+                print("picking %%s" %% r)
+            return {"version": r,
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
+                    "date": date}
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
+    if verbose:
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
+
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
+    GITS = ["git"]
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+
+    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
+                          hide_stderr=True)
+    if rc != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("Directory %%s not under git control" %% root)
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse --git-dir' returned error")
+
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                          "--always", "--long",
+                                          "--match", "%%s*" %% tag_prefix],
+                                   cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%%s'"
+                               %% describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'"
+                print(fmt %% (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'"
+                               %% (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
+    else:
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                    cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
+
+    # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%%ci", "HEAD"],
+                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+
+    return pieces
+
+
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
+
+
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
+
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%%d.g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%%d.g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%%s" %% pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%%s" %% pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%%d-g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%%d-g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"],
+                "date": None}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%%s'" %% style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
+            "date": pieces.get("date")}
+
+
+def get_versions():
+    """Get version information or return default if unable to do so."""
+    # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
+    # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
+    # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
+    # case we can only use expanded keywords.
+
+    cfg = get_config()
+    verbose = cfg.verbose
+
+    try:
+        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
+                                          verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        root = os.path.realpath(__file__)
+        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
+        # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
+        # this to find the root from __file__.
+        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)
+    except NameError:
+        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": "unable to find root of source tree",
+                "date": None}
+
+    try:
+        pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
+        return render(pieces, cfg.style)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
+            return versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": "unable to compute version", "date": None}
+'''
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
+    # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
+    # _version.py.
+    keywords = {}
+    try:
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_date ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["date"] = mo.group(1)
+        f.close()
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    return keywords
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    date = keywords.get("date")
+    if date is not None:
+        # git-2.2.0 added "%cI", which expands to an ISO-8601 -compliant
+        # datestamp. However we prefer "%ci" (which expands to an "ISO-8601
+        # -like" string, which we must then edit to make compliant), because
+        # it's been around since git-1.5.3, and it's too difficult to
+        # discover which version we're using, or to work around using an
+        # older one.
+        date = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
+    if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
+        if verbose:
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
+    refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
+    # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
+    # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
+    TAG = "tag: "
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
+    if not tags:
+        # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
+        # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
+        # expansion behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
+        # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us distinguish
+        # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
+        # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
+        # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        if verbose:
+            print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
+    if verbose:
+        print("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags)))
+    for ref in sorted(tags):
+        # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
+        if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
+            if verbose:
+                print("picking %s" % r)
+            return {"version": r,
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
+                    "date": date}
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
+    if verbose:
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
+
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
+    GITS = ["git"]
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+
+    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
+                          hide_stderr=True)
+    if rc != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse --git-dir' returned error")
+
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                          "--always", "--long",
+                                          "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
+                                   cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
+                               % describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
+    else:
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                    cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
+
+    # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"],
+                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+
+    return pieces
+
+
+def do_vcs_install(manifest_in, versionfile_source, ipy):
+    """Git-specific installation logic for Versioneer.
+
+    For Git, this means creating/changing .gitattributes to mark _version.py
+    for export-subst keyword substitution.
+    """
+    GITS = ["git"]
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+    files = [manifest_in, versionfile_source]
+    if ipy:
+        files.append(ipy)
+    try:
+        me = __file__
+        if me.endswith(".pyc") or me.endswith(".pyo"):
+            me = os.path.splitext(me)[0] + ".py"
+        versioneer_file = os.path.relpath(me)
+    except NameError:
+        versioneer_file = "versioneer.py"
+    files.append(versioneer_file)
+    present = False
+    try:
+        f = open(".gitattributes", "r")
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if line.strip().startswith(versionfile_source):
+                if "export-subst" in line.strip().split()[1:]:
+                    present = True
+        f.close()
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    if not present:
+        f = open(".gitattributes", "a+")
+        f.write("%s export-subst\n" % versionfile_source)
+        f.close()
+        files.append(".gitattributes")
+    run_command(GITS, ["add", "--"] + files)
+
+
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes both
+    the project name and a version string. We will also support searching up
+    two directory levels for an appropriately named parent directory
+    """
+    rootdirs = []
+
+    for i in range(3):
+        dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+        if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+                    "full-revisionid": None,
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+        else:
+            rootdirs.append(root)
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s" %
+              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+    raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+
+
+SHORT_VERSION_PY = """
+# This file was generated by 'versioneer.py' (0.18) from
+# revision-control system data, or from the parent directory name of an
+# unpacked source archive. Distribution tarballs contain a pre-generated copy
+# of this file.
+
+import json
+
+version_json = '''
+%s
+'''  # END VERSION_JSON
+
+
+def get_versions():
+    return json.loads(version_json)
+"""
+
+
+def versions_from_file(filename):
+    """Try to determine the version from _version.py if present."""
+    try:
+        with open(filename) as f:
+            contents = f.read()
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        raise NotThisMethod("unable to read _version.py")
+    mo = re.search(r"version_json = '''\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
+                   contents, re.M | re.S)
+    if not mo:
+        mo = re.search(r"version_json = '''\r\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
+                       contents, re.M | re.S)
+    if not mo:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no version_json in _version.py")
+    return json.loads(mo.group(1))
+
+
+def write_to_version_file(filename, versions):
+    """Write the given version number to the given _version.py file."""
+    os.unlink(filename)
+    contents = json.dumps(versions, sort_keys=True,
+                          indent=1, separators=(",", ": "))
+    with open(filename, "w") as f:
+        f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % contents)
+
+    print("set %s to '%s'" % (filename, versions["version"]))
+
+
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
+
+
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
+
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"],
+                "date": None}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
+            "date": pieces.get("date")}
+
+
+class VersioneerBadRootError(Exception):
+    """The project root directory is unknown or missing key files."""
+
+
+def get_versions(verbose=False):
+    """Get the project version from whatever source is available.
+
+    Returns dict with two keys: 'version' and 'full'.
+    """
+    if "versioneer" in sys.modules:
+        # see the discussion in cmdclass.py:get_cmdclass()
+        del sys.modules["versioneer"]
+
+    root = get_root()
+    cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+
+    assert cfg.VCS is not None, "please set [versioneer]VCS= in setup.cfg"
+    handlers = HANDLERS.get(cfg.VCS)
+    assert handlers, "unrecognized VCS '%s'" % cfg.VCS
+    verbose = verbose or cfg.verbose
+    assert cfg.versionfile_source is not None, \
+        "please set versioneer.versionfile_source"
+    assert cfg.tag_prefix is not None, "please set versioneer.tag_prefix"
+
+    versionfile_abs = os.path.join(root, cfg.versionfile_source)
+
+    # extract version from first of: _version.py, VCS command (e.g. 'git
+    # describe'), parentdir. This is meant to work for developers using a
+    # source checkout, for users of a tarball created by 'setup.py sdist',
+    # and for users of a tarball/zipball created by 'git archive' or github's
+    # download-from-tag feature or the equivalent in other VCSes.
+
+    get_keywords_f = handlers.get("get_keywords")
+    from_keywords_f = handlers.get("keywords")
+    if get_keywords_f and from_keywords_f:
+        try:
+            keywords = get_keywords_f(versionfile_abs)
+            ver = from_keywords_f(keywords, cfg.tag_prefix, verbose)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from expanded keyword %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+        except NotThisMethod:
+            pass
+
+    try:
+        ver = versions_from_file(versionfile_abs)
+        if verbose:
+            print("got version from file %s %s" % (versionfile_abs, ver))
+        return ver
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    from_vcs_f = handlers.get("pieces_from_vcs")
+    if from_vcs_f:
+        try:
+            pieces = from_vcs_f(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
+            ver = render(pieces, cfg.style)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from VCS %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+        except NotThisMethod:
+            pass
+
+    try:
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
+            ver = versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from parentdir %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("unable to compute version")
+
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None, "error": "unable to compute version",
+            "date": None}
+
+
+def get_version():
+    """Get the short version string for this project."""
+    return get_versions()["version"]
+
+
+def get_cmdclass():
+    """Get the custom setuptools/distutils subclasses used by Versioneer."""
+    if "versioneer" in sys.modules:
+        del sys.modules["versioneer"]
+        # this fixes the "python setup.py develop" case (also 'install' and
+        # 'easy_install .'), in which subdependencies of the main project are
+        # built (using setup.py bdist_egg) in the same python process. Assume
+        # a main project A and a dependency B, which use different versions
+        # of Versioneer. A's setup.py imports A's Versioneer, leaving it in
+        # sys.modules by the time B's setup.py is executed, causing B to run
+        # with the wrong versioneer. Setuptools wraps the sub-dep builds in a
+        # sandbox that restores sys.modules to it's pre-build state, so the
+        # parent is protected against the child's "import versioneer". By
+        # removing ourselves from sys.modules here, before the child build
+        # happens, we protect the child from the parent's versioneer too.
+        # Also see https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/52
+
+    cmds = {}
+
+    # we add "version" to both distutils and setuptools
+    from distutils.core import Command
+
+    class cmd_version(Command):
+        description = "report generated version string"
+        user_options = []
+        boolean_options = []
+
+        def initialize_options(self):
+            pass
+
+        def finalize_options(self):
+            pass
+
+        def run(self):
+            vers = get_versions(verbose=True)
+            print("Version: %s" % vers["version"])
+            print(" full-revisionid: %s" % vers.get("full-revisionid"))
+            print(" dirty: %s" % vers.get("dirty"))
+            print(" date: %s" % vers.get("date"))
+            if vers["error"]:
+                print(" error: %s" % vers["error"])
+    cmds["version"] = cmd_version
+
+    # we override "build_py" in both distutils and setuptools
+    #
+    # most invocation pathways end up running build_py:
+    #  distutils/build -> build_py
+    #  distutils/install -> distutils/build ->..
+    #  setuptools/bdist_wheel -> distutils/install ->..
+    #  setuptools/bdist_egg -> distutils/install_lib -> build_py
+    #  setuptools/install -> bdist_egg ->..
+    #  setuptools/develop -> ?
+    #  pip install:
+    #   copies source tree to a tempdir before running egg_info/etc
+    #   if .git isn't copied too, 'git describe' will fail
+    #   then does setup.py bdist_wheel, or sometimes setup.py install
+    #  setup.py egg_info -> ?
+
+    # we override different "build_py" commands for both environments
+    if "setuptools" in sys.modules:
+        from setuptools.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+    else:
+        from distutils.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+
+    class cmd_build_py(_build_py):
+        def run(self):
+            root = get_root()
+            cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+            versions = get_versions()
+            _build_py.run(self)
+            # now locate _version.py in the new build/ directory and replace
+            # it with an updated value
+            if cfg.versionfile_build:
+                target_versionfile = os.path.join(self.build_lib,
+                                                  cfg.versionfile_build)
+                print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+                write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+    cmds["build_py"] = cmd_build_py
+
+    if "cx_Freeze" in sys.modules:  # cx_freeze enabled?
+        from cx_Freeze.dist import build_exe as _build_exe
+        # nczeczulin reports that py2exe won't like the pep440-style string
+        # as FILEVERSION, but it can be used for PRODUCTVERSION, e.g.
+        # setup(console=[{
+        #   "version": versioneer.get_version().split("+", 1)[0], # FILEVERSION
+        #   "product_version": versioneer.get_version(),
+        #   ...
+
+        class cmd_build_exe(_build_exe):
+            def run(self):
+                root = get_root()
+                cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+                versions = get_versions()
+                target_versionfile = cfg.versionfile_source
+                print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+                write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+
+                _build_exe.run(self)
+                os.unlink(target_versionfile)
+                with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
+                    LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
+                    f.write(LONG %
+                            {"DOLLAR": "$",
+                             "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                             "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                             "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                             "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                             })
+        cmds["build_exe"] = cmd_build_exe
+        del cmds["build_py"]
+
+    if 'py2exe' in sys.modules:  # py2exe enabled?
+        try:
+            from py2exe.distutils_buildexe import py2exe as _py2exe  # py3
+        except ImportError:
+            from py2exe.build_exe import py2exe as _py2exe  # py2
+
+        class cmd_py2exe(_py2exe):
+            def run(self):
+                root = get_root()
+                cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+                versions = get_versions()
+                target_versionfile = cfg.versionfile_source
+                print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+                write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+
+                _py2exe.run(self)
+                os.unlink(target_versionfile)
+                with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
+                    LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
+                    f.write(LONG %
+                            {"DOLLAR": "$",
+                             "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                             "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                             "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                             "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                             })
+        cmds["py2exe"] = cmd_py2exe
+
+    # we override different "sdist" commands for both environments
+    if "setuptools" in sys.modules:
+        from setuptools.command.sdist import sdist as _sdist
+    else:
+        from distutils.command.sdist import sdist as _sdist
+
+    class cmd_sdist(_sdist):
+        def run(self):
+            versions = get_versions()
+            self._versioneer_generated_versions = versions
+            # unless we update this, the command will keep using the old
+            # version
+            self.distribution.metadata.version = versions["version"]
+            return _sdist.run(self)
+
+        def make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files):
+            root = get_root()
+            cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+            _sdist.make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files)
+            # now locate _version.py in the new base_dir directory
+            # (remembering that it may be a hardlink) and replace it with an
+            # updated value
+            target_versionfile = os.path.join(base_dir, cfg.versionfile_source)
+            print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+            write_to_version_file(target_versionfile,
+                                  self._versioneer_generated_versions)
+    cmds["sdist"] = cmd_sdist
+
+    return cmds
+
+
+CONFIG_ERROR = """
+setup.cfg is missing the necessary Versioneer configuration. You need
+a section like:
+
+ [versioneer]
+ VCS = git
+ style = pep440
+ versionfile_source = src/myproject/_version.py
+ versionfile_build = myproject/_version.py
+ tag_prefix =
+ parentdir_prefix = myproject-
+
+You will also need to edit your setup.py to use the results:
+
+ import versioneer
+ setup(version=versioneer.get_version(),
+       cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(), ...)
+
+Please read the docstring in ./versioneer.py for configuration instructions,
+edit setup.cfg, and re-run the installer or 'python versioneer.py setup'.
+"""
+
+SAMPLE_CONFIG = """
+# See the docstring in versioneer.py for instructions. Note that you must
+# re-run 'versioneer.py setup' after changing this section, and commit the
+# resulting files.
+
+[versioneer]
+#VCS = git
+#style = pep440
+#versionfile_source =
+#versionfile_build =
+#tag_prefix =
+#parentdir_prefix =
+
+"""
+
+INIT_PY_SNIPPET = """
+from ._version import get_versions
+__version__ = get_versions()['version']
+del get_versions
+"""
+
+
+def do_setup():
+    """Main VCS-independent setup function for installing Versioneer."""
+    root = get_root()
+    try:
+        cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+    except (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError,
+            configparser.NoOptionError) as e:
+        if isinstance(e, (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError)):
+            print("Adding sample versioneer config to setup.cfg",
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            with open(os.path.join(root, "setup.cfg"), "a") as f:
+                f.write(SAMPLE_CONFIG)
+        print(CONFIG_ERROR, file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    print(" creating %s" % cfg.versionfile_source)
+    with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
+        LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
+        f.write(LONG % {"DOLLAR": "$",
+                        "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                        "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                        "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                        "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                        })
+
+    ipy = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cfg.versionfile_source),
+                       "__init__.py")
+    if os.path.exists(ipy):
+        try:
+            with open(ipy, "r") as f:
+                old = f.read()
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            old = ""
+        if INIT_PY_SNIPPET not in old:
+            print(" appending to %s" % ipy)
+            with open(ipy, "a") as f:
+                f.write(INIT_PY_SNIPPET)
+        else:
+            print(" %s unmodified" % ipy)
+    else:
+        print(" %s doesn't exist, ok" % ipy)
+        ipy = None
+
+    # Make sure both the top-level "versioneer.py" and versionfile_source
+    # (PKG/_version.py, used by runtime code) are in MANIFEST.in, so
+    # they'll be copied into source distributions. Pip won't be able to
+    # install the package without this.
+    manifest_in = os.path.join(root, "MANIFEST.in")
+    simple_includes = set()
+    try:
+        with open(manifest_in, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith("include "):
+                    for include in line.split()[1:]:
+                        simple_includes.add(include)
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    # That doesn't cover everything MANIFEST.in can do
+    # (http://docs.python.org/2/distutils/sourcedist.html#commands), so
+    # it might give some false negatives. Appending redundant 'include'
+    # lines is safe, though.
+    if "versioneer.py" not in simple_includes:
+        print(" appending 'versioneer.py' to MANIFEST.in")
+        with open(manifest_in, "a") as f:
+            f.write("include versioneer.py\n")
+    else:
+        print(" 'versioneer.py' already in MANIFEST.in")
+    if cfg.versionfile_source not in simple_includes:
+        print(" appending versionfile_source ('%s') to MANIFEST.in" %
+              cfg.versionfile_source)
+        with open(manifest_in, "a") as f:
+            f.write("include %s\n" % cfg.versionfile_source)
+    else:
+        print(" versionfile_source already in MANIFEST.in")
+
+    # Make VCS-specific changes. For git, this means creating/changing
+    # .gitattributes to mark _version.py for export-subst keyword
+    # substitution.
+    do_vcs_install(manifest_in, cfg.versionfile_source, ipy)
+    return 0
+
+
+def scan_setup_py():
+    """Validate the contents of setup.py against Versioneer's expectations."""
+    found = set()
+    setters = False
+    errors = 0
+    with open("setup.py", "r") as f:
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if "import versioneer" in line:
+                found.add("import")
+            if "versioneer.get_cmdclass()" in line:
+                found.add("cmdclass")
+            if "versioneer.get_version()" in line:
+                found.add("get_version")
+            if "versioneer.VCS" in line:
+                setters = True
+            if "versioneer.versionfile_source" in line:
+                setters = True
+    if len(found) != 3:
+        print("")
+        print("Your setup.py appears to be missing some important items")
+        print("(but I might be wrong). Please make sure it has something")
+        print("roughly like the following:")
+        print("")
+        print(" import versioneer")
+        print(" setup( version=versioneer.get_version(),")
+        print("        cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),  ...)")
+        print("")
+        errors += 1
+    if setters:
+        print("You should remove lines like 'versioneer.VCS = ' and")
+        print("'versioneer.versionfile_source = ' . This configuration")
+        print("now lives in setup.cfg, and should be removed from setup.py")
+        print("")
+        errors += 1
+    return errors
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cmd = sys.argv[1]
+    if cmd == "setup":
+        errors = do_setup()
+        errors += scan_setup_py()
+        if errors:
+            sys.exit(1)