This work is the property of the Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore + College. It may be copied freely by individuals for personal use, research, + and teaching (including distribution to classes) as long as this statement + of availability is included in the text. It may be linked to freely in + Internet editions of all kinds, including for—profit works.
+Publishers, libraries, and other information providers interested in + providing this text in a commercial or non—profit product or from an + information server must contact Swarthmore College for licensing and cost + information.
+Scholars interested in changing or adding to these texts by, for example, + creating a new edition of the text (electronically or in print) with + substantive editorial changes, may do so with the permission of Swarthmore + College. This is the case whether the new publication will be made available + at a cost or free of charge.
+In the fall semester of 2010, Swarthmore students enrolled in English 50A + (“Reading Red, White, and In-Between in Early American Literature”) transcribed + a number of journals, both published and in manuscript form, which document the + interaction of Quakers and Native Americans. In 2014 a decision was made to + encode these and other journals as part of a larger project to make the + library’s rich store of Quaker Indian mission writings more accessible. The + project was designed by Christopher Densmore, Curator of Friends Historical + Library.
+ In the year 1797,
ther in the church, suggested the advantage that
might arise to
+ the Indian natives, by bringing a few
of their young females into this part
+ of the country,
in order to instruct them in the useful arts of do-
+ mestic economy, by pitting them in the families
of suitable Friends, where
+ they might be carefully educated.
This being a very weighty matter, claimed my
serious attention, and was
+ laid before the committee
appointed by the Yearly Meeting, for promoting
+ the
improvement and gradual civilization of the Indian
natives. The
+ proposal was acceded to by the com-
mittee, who furnished me with a
+ certificate, expres-
sive of their unity therewith, and addressed to
+ the
Indians, as follows:
We received by our friend,
+ a few lines from you. We were glad to hear from
you, and that your young
+ men were encouraged to
walk in the good path, we recommended to you.
+ It
did our hearts good, when he told us that you had
raised corn,
+ wheat, and other grain, to supply your-
selves till next crop. We wish you
+ all to be sober
and industrious, and learn to be good farmers.
Brothers, we understand that you are desirous a
few of your girls should be
+ placed in the families of
some of our friends, and be taught what our
+ daugh-
ters are. We rejoice at it, and are willing to take
three of
+ them; and our friend,
+ agreed to assist in bringing them safe down. They
(
We also have agreed to take two girls from
and two from the
Brothers, we expect the girls you send us,
will remain till they are
+ eighteen years of age, as our
daughters are placed by their parents or
+ friends to
learn what we want your daughters should know;
that is,
+ spinning, weaving, how to make butter, and
+
place them in such families as will use them kindly,
+ and instruct them in what is needful.
Having laid the subject before my family, after
about two weeks'
+ consideration and preparation, I
took an affectionate leave of them on
+ the
16th of the 10th month, 1797, and went to
county, where I met with my friend,
+
mons
ney, which was very satisfactory. But he was
+ taken
unwell, after travelling about twenty miles, and con-
tinued so
+ during all the journey.
When we arrived at New York, a number of ar-
ticles were purchased for
+ clothing for the girls, and
we prosecuted our journey till, in due season,
+ we
arrived at
we were received with marks of affection, by the
+ Indians. I was taken to the house of one of the
Chiefs, his wife having
+ been informed concerning
my coming.
+
caroras
orderly and sensible man.
We also had a conference with the
+
ficates, and they were read, not only by paragraphs,
but by
+ sentences and words.
was
+ interpreter for the
Cusick
+
Niagara, were also present.
+ At this conference, the
Indians seemed fully satisfied with the
+ proposals
made to them. We informed them that Friends had
nothing but
+ love for them and their children; and
as it was their desire that we should
+ take their chil-
dren, we would do it at Friends' expense. On which
+ information, they acknowledged Friends' love for
them.
—Had a conference with the prin-
cipal Chief of the
marked, that those of the
+ young Indians who go out,
often learn wrong habits; and mentioned some
+ in-
stances in the neighbourhood. He further observed,
that they would
+ rather the sons of Onas, (meaning of
+
than any other people; but their judgment was, for
our women
+ to come and instruct them; which would
better preserve their morals, and be
+ of far greater
utility amongst the Indians, and which they always
+ understood would be the case, from the first proposal
made by the
+ committee. In answer to all this, I re-
plied,
matters take time to accomplish.
He called upon me twice after this, to write a piece
for their nation. At
+ first, I declined; but, upon the
second application, I complied, well
+ knowing that
what they requested was the mind of Friends, and
also of
+ Government. When it was written, they con-
ferred together about its
+ contents; and next day I was
informed by their Chief that they approved
+ thereof.
The purport of it was to warn off some bad tenants,
who had
+ settled on their land contrary to law. The
Chief gave me a name, Onas,
+ signifying the man who
+
small abilities.
Being frequently in company with the
Indians, I was induced to believe they are superior,
especially the
+ women, to many under our name, who
make a high profession of religion.
Travelling through this settlement, I beheld
the pleasant situation of the
+ houses of the natives on
a rising ground, near a clear, running, stream,
+ sur-
rounded with trees which are evergreen;—my mind
was considerably
+ humbled on seeing the manner in
which they lived, and how free they were
+ from those
cares and wants, that luxury and pride have intro-
duced.
+ Their composure and serenity are remark-
able. After a long absence of an
+ Indian, they do not
show that ecstacy on his return, that we do in
+ meeting
a friend in such a case; but, when a suitable time
offers, he
+ says,
friend, art thou still in the valley of
+ tears?
About this time, I was informed of an interesting
circumstance, which
+ occurred among the
nation of Indians, with a deputation from Congress.
It appears that
+ in consequence of some encroachments
of the white people upon the borders
+ of their land, a
demur or dissatisfaction arose among the Indians, and
+ the affair demanded the attention of
appointed a certain number of judicious men, of their
body, to
+ investigate the grievance. The Indians
being informed, a council was
+ called; and at a time
appointed, the deputies met them, and requested to be
+
furnished with information of the boundaries of their
territory.
+ When, to their great surprise, a young
Indian stepped forth, and on behalf
+ of the council, in
a solemn manner, spoke thus:
+
below the brow of the western mountains,—that
+ hath
clothed the wilderness with leaves in the spring, and
+ disrobed it again, in the fall.—it is He alone who hath
set bounds to
+ our country.
the auditory, though men
+ of great abilities, that they
knew not what reply or answer to make.
Favoured with health, though my companion,
+
ague.
These men are of
+
+ in respect to sobriety and understanding, to many of
us, who are of a
+ fairer complexion. Their remarks
on divers matters were edifying. Speaking
+ of a
schoolmaster's qualifications, one of them observed
that the sort
+ of master they wanted, or required
amongst them was, not only one who was
+ qualified to
teach children, and keep the school in order, but one
who
+ would be an example to their parents.
These men offered us their horses to ride to their
+
seventeen computed miles, through a country almost
impassible at
+ this season: but I could not accede to
their kind proposal.
Had a meeting this morning. A number of Indians
came to see us,
+ notwithstanding it was very stormy.
I thought this a day of refreshment,
+ both in our little
sitting, and in some remarks made by the natives.
A cold morning;—the wind north-east, and
the waters high in the creeks,
+ from the thaw of snow
that had occurred. We intended to set out for
+
bridge
duced by
+ having the ague, together with some bag-
gage we had to take, it seemed a
+ little difficult. But
+
+
intended to depart, and agreed to carry our burdens.
From my
+ feelings, I had cause of thankfulness for
being here; believing the Lord is
+ bringing about a
great work in the earth.
A man, called a
bridge
which he expressed his approbation, and
+ offered us
the use of his horse for a few days.
Here we were informed that the
sion not to send their girls from their nation, had
such an
+ effect upon the
standing we had delivered clothing for their children,
we had
+ to recommend them to deliver it to those who
offered voluntarily. We could
+ have had many more
of the
our certificate; but to keep as near as
+ possible to
what was therein contained, was our earnest desire.
+
that he entreated me to permit him to lie down on
the wet logs;
+ which I could not suffer; and whether
he would be able to reach the house
+ intended was un-
certain,—the road being so very miry. His illness
was
+ a considerable exercise to me, not only at this
time, but many others. At
+ length, we arrived at our
Indian brother's, where we were treated with
+ great
kindness, and much hospitality.
A fine morning. My mind often felt the
sweet influences of Divine Goodness;
+ and I could be-
hold its salutary effects among some of these inhabi-
+ tants of the wilderness. Their penetration and judg-
ment in religious
+ matters, are very evident and
striking, as may appear in the following
+ narrative.
When I came home, I called upon the person, and
+
readily, seriously, and fully confirmed the same.
I never experienced greater kindness than from the
Indians. I had not only
+ their horses to ride, but a
guide from place to place, The natives would
+ not
permit me even to carry my portmanteau, nor scarce-
ly to go over
+ a bridge that was dangerous, but offered
to carry me over in their arms;
+ though I would not
suffer them. When I lodged with the Indians, they
+ would build a large fire at bed-time, in the room that
I occupied, and
+ always renewed it at midnight;—the
family being remarkably still, whether
+ up or a-bed.
A hard frost. This morning, set out for
thertown
of their principal men for a guide. We travelled
through a most
+ fertile country, over logs, and thro'
bushes, at the rate of about a mile,
+ and sometimes
two, in an hour. Arrived at
evening, and were treated with all the
+ kindness we
could ask. Having comfortably lodged here one
night, the
+ next day we set out for
+ being still accommodated with horses and a guide.
The roads were beyond
+ description, bad; but we
were favoured to reach
ing,—having previously agreed to
+ meet our family
of female Indians at this place.
This morning our Indian girls came, each
one accompanied by her parent or
+ guardian. The
business of parting was conducted with great serious-
+ ness, for the Indians delivered their children to us
with the utmost
+ confidence and quietude: which
brought over my mind a considerable weight
+ of con-
cern and care, that nothing on my part, might ob-
struct this
+ great and important work. The girls ma-
+
leave of their parents, to go a long journey, with
perfect
+ strangers, to reside in a distant land. So we
went to the
the boat,
+ wrapped their faces in their blankets, and
I do not remember that they
+ uttered a word. We
now had to pass down this river about one hundred
+ miles, but got on very well the first day's voyage.
Very cold this morning, especially on the
+
time. These wonderful works of Providence are
very striking
+ to every rational beholder. The water-
fall is fifty-one feet between the
+ tremendous rocks,
which form a perfect stone wall for the space of
+ twenty miles along the river. This river receives
the fewest creeks of any
+ I know of; consequently it
keeps nearly the same height, and is not
+ affected by
any tide. Travellers often stop, kindle a fire on its
+ banks, and dress their meal.
+
being much exposed to the cold in an almost open
boat, while the
+ hills and fields are covered with snow.
About four o'clock in the afternoon
+ we arrived at
+
which could not be obtained at every place.
A rainy morning. I felt well in health,
through favour, tho' my companion,
+
was still affected with
+ the ague. Being first-day,
early in the morning, we were taken about
+ fourteen
miles in a carriage to
the house of our kind friend,
the remainder of this day, which I
+ spent chiefly in
reading the Book of Martyrs. There are but three
+ families of Friends in this place, who are not thought
+
children must suffer great privation and loss, in the
+ most serious and important part; for, being full
twenty miles from the
+ nearest meeting, perhaps
these young people but seldom attend.
It would be wisdom for parents carefully to weigh
every difficulty, in
+ removing with their tender off-
spring, to settle far from meeting, and not
+ let the
perishing things of this world have too much sway.
He who is
+ rich in mercy, can mar abundance, and
bless a little; for the earth is the Lord's, and the
+
fullness thereof.
A fine mild morning. The wind being fa-
vourable, we took passage in a
+ sloop for New York.
I felt a degree of thankfulness that the Lord had
+ thus far preserved us, and our family of girls.
A rainy morning, though mild. Our girls
conduct themselves with so much
+ propriety, that
they are remarked by persons of respectability. My
+ mind was frequently exercised, so as not to suffer
me to sleep; hoping
+ nothing might befall my tender
children, that would obstruct this good
+ work, which
the Lord is about to carry on from sea to sea, and to
the
+ uttermost parts of the earth.
We left
noon, and came to
miles; notwithstanding we were aground, and laid
+ at anchor till the tide floated us off. Next day we
had a head wind; but
+ our family appeared cheerful,
which is a considerable satisfaction, and
+ cause of
thankfulness unto Him who is a present helper in
every
+ needful time.
A clear, cold morning. Run aground by
means of a strong wind from the
+ western shore, about
+
favour, we carried out our anchor, but all endeavours
at this
+ time, proved in vain; and we were obliged to
remain in the cold, until the
+ tide should rise again.
In the evening, we renewed our efforts, and
+ were
favoured to effect our design. We arrived opposite
New York about
+ nine o'clock in the evening, but
the tide run so strong that the captain
+ said he could
not bring the vessel to shore. Being desirous of mo-
+ ving forward as fast as practicable, we engaged the
boat to take us ashore;
+ which being covered with ice
on every part, and tossing so much, that it
+ was with
difficulty we could get in. At length we arrived
safely in
+ New York, and were kindly received by
our friend
the tenderness that
+ was shown to us, and to the In-
dian girls, it was " like a brook by the
+ way."
A snowy morning. Friends manifested
much kindness towards us, particularly
+
laplaine
sented to each of the girls a piece of silver. We
+ ar-
rived safely at
the evening. There was here, at this time, a certain
+ great man from Poland, who had never seen an In-
dian, and was desirous of
+ being introduced to the
girls. They being in a private room at supper,
+ he
walked in to take a view of them. When he beheld
their orderly
+ deportment, he seemed much surpri-
sed; and after walking round the table
+ where they
were sitting, he said,
already.
+ them would not drink wine.
The same evening, the Poland general and his
company came into the room,
+ where
+
tion, the word thou was used, which attracted the
attention
+ of a young man, who remarked in French
to the general, that we, as a
+ people, had a very un-
couth way of speaking thou; — he apprehended, as
+ I
suppose, that we should not understand what he
said in that
+ language. However, I informed him,
that it was the language of the Almighty
+ to the first
man, Adam; therefore bid him not reflect upon the
people
+ for using the language, which the Lord had
taught them. He looked confused;
+ and the Polander,
who understood English, appeared to favour the ob-
+ servation.
Set out before day, and reached
by
+ breakfast-time. Through the continuance of Di-
vine favour, my family
+ continue well, except
nry
arrived safely at
parted.
went to
+ his home in that neighbourhood, where it
was concluded the girls should
+ remain until I should
return from
sage in the stage,
+ and reached home about nine
o'clock in the evening; where, through the
+ favour
of a kind, preserving Providence, I found my fami-
ly well, and
+ we were mutually rejoiced to see each
other.
A few Friends were called together, in or-
der to be informed of my
+ proceedings, and to con-
sider what necessary step should be taken
+ next.--
They expressed their satisfaction with my commu-
nication, and
+ concluded that I should return the next
day to
to
Rode to
ry
absence.
Being equipped, we again set out, and ar-
rived at my house about sun-set.
+ The girls continu-
ed with us for three days; during which time, they
+ conducted themselves in an orderly manner; and
occasionally read the
+ Scriptures. Many Friends call-
ed to see them, and gave them a number of
+ small
presents.
The next concern was, to find suitable places for
them. We accordingly set
+ out for
in Delaware
+ county, where we arrived safely, and
were kindly treated.
we had them all taken to
meeting, where they behaved in a becoming
+ man-
ner. In the course of a few days, we had them sta-
tioned at the
+ Friends' houses, who were willing to
take charge of them, and instruct them
+ in the busi-
ness of housewifery. Two of the girls were placed
with
+
Friend, who had a concern to take charge of one of
the
+ Indians;—one was placed with the family of
+
Jackson
considerably; and I felt much tenderness toward
them,
+ when I reflected upon the confidence which
their parents had placed in me.
+ On looking over
this journey, I may thankfully acknowledge, that
+ through adorable mercy, I have witnessed preserva-
tion; and may the great
+ Preserver of men have the
praise
This work is the property of the Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore + College. It may be copied freely by individuals for personal use, research, + and teaching (including distribution to classes) as long as this statement + of availability is included in the text. It may be linked to freely in + Internet editions of all kinds, including for—profit works.
+Publishers, libraries, and other information providers interested in + providing this text in a commercial or non—profit product or from an + information server must contact Swarthmore College for licensing and cost + information.
+Scholars interested in changing or adding to these texts by, for example, + creating a new edition of the text (electronically or in print) with + substantive editorial changes, may do so with the permission of Swarthmore + College. This is the case whether the new publication will be made available + at a cost or free of charge.
+pp. (1 volume)
+Native Americans and Quakers
+The transcribers and editor attempted to render the author’s orthography and + grammar as they appear on the page of this book, even when the author’s own + spelling and usage are inconsistent. Additionally, many questions remain about + spelling the names of Quaker acquaintances, individual Native Americans who + populate his journal, and Indian villages and towns. The transcribers and editor + attempted to remain faithful to the author’s Anglicized spellings in all cases. +
+We set out from Baltimore the 4th of
the 4 mo 1808. Rode to poplar spring
+ & Lodged
5th Rode this Day to Middletown & about
five OClock we put up for the
+ Night at
the Sign of Genrl. Washington kept by Gas
-per Herring. the
+ entertainment good of the
[delete: Fa] House orderly -- We were much
+ delighted
with the Country between the Catocktin &
& South
+ Mountains & thought the
appearance quite equal to that in
+ the
neighborhood of Fredericktown [delete]
the Village we are now
+ resting in has
a very neat & agreeable appearance
& appears to
+ be in thriving condition several new
Brickhouses having been lately
+ built
& more are Building.
[page 2]
+6th & 4th of the Week set out from Middletown
Intending to breakfast at
+ Boonsborough but
taking the wrong road we breakfasted at
a house on the
+ sheppard town road after
breakfast we changed our rout & made
for
+ Williamsport which after losing our
selves & going several miles out of
+ our way rea
-ched about 2 oClock & dine afterwards
rode 8 miles to
+ Daniel Herboin's where
we are now laid by for the night. our
+ re-
flections were excited on passing the
conochocheage Valley a Valley
+ perhaps in
-ferior to none in the Luxuriance of the
Soil but the
+ comparison in the tillage
with the Valley we passed yesterday is
as
+ much in favour of the former -- as there
is difference between that
+ cultivated
by neat Dutch Farmers & that by
negro Drivers the tints
+ of Distress &
Slavery being generally observable
in our rout this
+ Day. our landlord has
a Spring Issueing from under his house
which
+ turns a mill about 50 yards
below where it rises --
[page 3]
+7th & 5th of the Week Rode 7 miles to
Hunters. Breakfasted, thence to
+ Hancock
10 miles dined. & Proceeded to 15 Mile creek
distance 16
+ Miles whole distance this day 33 miles
our observations this day not
+ generally of the
Most agreeable kind the latter part of the
Day passed
+ several very high hills which
made our Journey tiresome.
8th proceeded, breakfasted on the Hills, then
to old town dined
+ &proceeded to Cumberland
where we lodged at John Rines a good
+ House
and attentive landlord the Valley's or Bottoms
along the River
+ very rich & produce Corn &
Grass in abundance thousands of
+ Bushels
now lying in the Fields having we suppose
just been cut in the
+ Fall & set up in rounds
Shocks in the same form that we set up
+ corn
tops --
9th Staid at Cumberland until
about 3 oClock rode abut 10 miles
&
+ lodged at Houtzmans [delete: next day] in a
Valley of God's Land about 30
+ miles
we were informed in length
[page 4]
+10th of the month & 1st of the week
rode about 20 miles to Browns
+ the
rode Bad & have had snow ever
since we ascended the
+ mountains
until within a few miles of this place
11th. A Storm of Wind & rain coming on
Last night still Continues
+ about
3 oClock set out & Crossed the
Youghigania rode 15 miles to
+ Clarks
the weather warm toward Evening
with thunder & some rain met
+ a
decent look woman alone in a desolate
place in the Gust - some miles
+ from any
House in search of a Stray Horse
had come about 30 miles &
+ proceeding
we pitied her & went on to Clarkes
where we Lodged
12th Rode to Jonas Cattles where we
were kindly entertained
13th Set out accompanied by Jonas crossed
the Monongahela at Crawford &
+ rode
[page 5]
+to Henry Mills & staid the night following
had a conference with Friends
+ & David
Grave concluded to meet us at conc
-ord on first Day
14th set out early rode to washington
where we dined we were much
+ pleased
with the redstone country the people
appear to live well &
+ the Land produces
abundantly
[detete: then] Rode [delete: from David Henry Mills?]
to Alexandria &
+ Lodged
15th Rode to wheelen mostly along wheeler
Creek through some Beautiful
+ Bottoms
& passed some elegant Houses & Mills
at Wheelen we
+ lodged at Josiah Updegr
-aff, visited Richard Carter &
+ Ebenezer
Zanes --
2nd Day the 18th Crossed the River
& went home with horton Howard
the
+ Same Evening I went in Com
-pany with David Grave to Jon'n
Taylors next
+ Day being short Creek
Monthly Meeting -- after meeting
Dined in Company
+ with Geo. & Mary
[page 6]
+Kinsey at Jonathan Taylors
in the evening I went home
with my Brother
+ and Sister --
20th went to Concord monthly meeting
where I meet Elisha who has
+ remained
at Horton Howards expecting his Company
on our route. we dined
+ at Burden
Stantons after which we returned to
Horton's & found him
+ resolved not to
accompany us therefore the Lot fell
upon david & we
+ concluded to set
out next morning.
21 we set out early & rode to Joseph
Vanlaws at Plainfield David in
+ the
mean time seemed tho in company
undetermined whether to go or
+ not
but concluded to accompany us about
4 miles farther when he would
+ either
leave us or conclude to go on when
we came to the place he
+ concluded
to proceed. we went on about 3 miles
& lodged.
[page 7]
+22 The morning very fine & some while
Fresh [?] we proceeded being in
+ good spirits
concluded to reach the muskingum
40 miles which he effected
+ about Sun
setting & put up at Taylors Tavern
The lands since we crossed the Ohio
have been generally good mostly
+ very
rich in the neighbourhood of Short
Creek & concord &
+ continued so until
we got to plainfield where they
became inferior in
+ Quality tho good
Farming Land farther on we found
the Bottoms on the
+ Several Branches of
wills Creek to be very extensive & the
upland
+ 'tho Hilly pretty good for some
miles before we reached the
+ muskingum
the Land was level & of an Inferior
quality thus [?]which
+ the roads were
excellent -- Zane Ville on one side &
Springfield on
+ the other of the muskin
-gum show what can be expected in
a few Years
+ by enterprizing people
being both considerable Villages
[page 8]
+in Zanes Ville alone there are 7 or 8
Taverns kept in respectable Houses
+ the
Best Buildings are over the river
spring Field where there is
+ one
three Story of Brick which would not
disgrace the best street in
+ Baltimore
24th Rode from Zanesville to Bubb's & lodged then to Lancaster
through
+ alterable County near Lancaster
the lands are of prime Quality -- we staid
+
that night at Lancaster next morning
set out & Rode to websters
+ within
about 5 Miles of Chilicothe
27 Rode to Chilicothe & breakfasted &
being discouraged by the repot
+ of the
Water being high we staid until about
10 OClock being informed we
+ could not
Cross the North fork of Paint Creek
we rode up it to old
+ Chilicothe
where the same impediment contd--
we continued on 3 miles
[page 9]
+to John Hopkinsons where got across
but had to take an upper rode
+ &
Lodged at a house where we Lodged
Partly on the floor before the
+ fire &
Part in a bed. no hay to be had
early next 28th we set out
+ & rode
through Prairie after Prairie until
the whole County except
+ some
Small pieces of upland intervening
become Prairies & so cont
+ thro this days rout
wading thro the mud & not being
able to get
+ feed for our Horses we rode
near 40 Miles to one Township [?]
where we
+ found plenty of the
necessaries of Life. the Country
here is very good.
+ with excellent
Bottom & upland the Prairies we
have passed are
+ mostly rich but there
is so little timber in many parts that
they can
+ hardly be enclosed with Fences so
[p 10]
+that if the country is ever settled
they must be ditched
29th we staid until near noon when
we set out & Rode about 12 Miles
+ to
wolf's tavern where we were well enter-
tained, through the course of
+ the Day
we passed the little Miamia a small
stream at a mill it was
+ enclosed in
a narrow stone gutter which contd
narrow with a great fall
+ the Chasm
increased in depth until we supposed
it was 50 feet deep &
+ about 20 feet
wide at the top in about 6 miles
we passed the Yellow
+ spring it
was large & proceeded out of a Lime
-stone Rock. &
+ tinged [delete: the] every thing
with a deep yellow with a
+ strong
sulphurious taste & is much resorted
to in the summer season
+ for health
30th set out early & rode to dayton
thro some excellent land
[p. 11]
+at this Considerable Village which stands
Just below the Junction of a Mad
+ River with
the great Miami we breakfasted at Rapids an Excellent House &
+ staid
until about 12 OClock when we started
& rode about 12 Miles to
+ one French's
in the woods where we were entertained
with much
+ satisfaction only we could
get no hay for our Horses we have still
had
+ & this night excellent good clean
Feather Beds to lie in
5 mo 1st We rode to Stanton a small
new Town on the great Miami
+ and
Intend staying here until we can ac-
-comodate ourselves with a Man
+ to
go with us & provide ourselves with
Grain for our Horses &
+ provisions for our
-selves, the lands in this rout are of
an Excellent
+ Quality with a very Large
growth of Timber interspersed with
+ abun
-dance of Poplar but for some miles near
Stanton the Growth of
+ Timber is of Rich
kind & not very useful except the Walnut
[ p. 12]
+we have put up at a French Man's
Called Felix we had letters from
Dayton
+ to Judge Gerards who was
kind and attentive in procuring
a suitable man
+ to go with us, there
was a young man from Virginia at
this place of the
+ name of Lowell [?] [delete: Crawford]
who was very kind & the Land
+ low
having no Hay he furnished us with
some of his own freely without
+ So-
-licitation & would not take pay for
it. I wish we may make him
+ compen
-sation when in our power
5 mo 2nd Still at Stanton the Weather
rainy & endeavoured to procure a
+ suitable
person to go with us & provision on
the way we agreed with
+ a man to
go & also with with a Woman to bake
some biscuits &
+ boil us a ham &
intend setting out tomorrow morn-
-ing with our
+ Guide.
[p. 13]
+3rd- our man came this morning &
begged to be excused alledging
+ that
both himself & his Horse were too weak
-ly so we admitted his
+ excuse &
discharged him. Court began here
to day & it rained so
+ much that
we concluded the waters would be
impassable & meeting
+ with a Man of
the name of thatcher who agreed
to go with us we sent our
+ Horse
by him about 16 miles to his Feed House
He living on our road at
+ the First Crossing of Loramie & to be
ready to advance with us at
+ any
time when we should come forward
seeing but little prospect of
+ getting
forward & our inn much crowded
we went home with
+ Benjamin
Iddings to [delete: on] Still water where we
were kindly
+ entertained
4th Day went with the Family
about one mile to their weekly
[p. 14]
+Meeting. which is an Indulged Meeting
[delete: of about] & a branch of
+ Still water or
West Branch Monthly Meeting & consists of about
30
+ Families Still water Meeting being
about 6 miles lower down the River
5th Still rainy & no prospect of
of Proceeding David Graves went
over
+ the River to Still Water Meeting
& tho' I wished to go with him yet
+ as
the River could not be crossed
without swimming I failed
&
+ went about a mile to a black-
-smiths to get my Horse shod
6 Still raining we stay here
& the waters so high that we can
-not go
+ forward --
7th --weather Clear but the
water so high we cannot move
8th. being First Day we went to
meeting with the Family the Meeting
House
+ so small that it will not hold
above one half of the members
[p. 15]
+But were informed that they propose
dividing the Meeting & Building 2
+ new
houses this summer one on each side
of the River having often met
+ with
Difficulty in crossing still water --
2nd Day morning Benjamin Iddings
proposed setting out with us
+ having
victuals provided we set out early
& Rode to Thatcher's 18
+ miles Crossed
Loramies Creek & a large Branch of
the great Miami
+ riding thro it being
about the saddle skirts. after Staying
sometime we
+ set out in company with
thatcher & rode to Flins swimming
our Horses
+ across the second Crossing
of Loramies Creek where we put up
for the
+ Night & slept on the Floors
The land this Day mostly good tho'
much
+ of it is too flat to settle on
before we reached thatchers we
+ passed
several miles thro' the woods where the
the trees were lined
+ with Pigeons nests [?]
some times 20 or thirty in one tree
[p. 16]
+10th. we set out early & Rode to Murrays
at the first crossing of the St.
+ Mary's
it being a branch of that River we
rode thro without much
+ difficulty
after feeding our Horses at Murrays
& getting a rough
+ repast /I having
lost our own provisions bag & all on
the Road, we
+ proceed to Stephen Youngs
18 Miles to the 2nd. Crossings of the St.
+ Marys
where we lodged early next morning
we set out Swimming our
+ Horses
across the River which being very
full was run out into the
+ Bottoms
so that we had to ride a good way
thro the water, riding on it
+ began
to rain so that that we had no
Choice but to ride 40 miles
+ thro
a very swampy Country. almost an
entire level & one swamp so
+ dark that
we got thro with difficulty & alarms in
passing which
+ Elisha Tyson lost his
hat which his Horse trode in the
mud ---
[p. 17]
+not one House in the whole distance
we arrived at Fort wayne in
+ the
evening wet & tired & put up at
a French Tavern after we
+ arrived
John Johnston Indian Factor came
& invited two of us to his
+ house Elisha
went with him & the rest of staid at
the Tavern
11th we all went to Johnstons where
we staid some time & then went to
+ the
Fort & dined with Captain Heald
who with the other officers were
+ very
kind & attentive we spent the evening
in consulting about the
+ execution of
our Mission & concluded to invite the
Indians to come
+ to the Fort for consulta-
-tion & after night had a Conference
with
+ some of the Potowatomy Indians
Winnemak a Chief informed us
that he had
+ been with the president
who had Promised him that he would
send some
+ tools & young men to teach
them to Farm but had not done
+ there-
-fore he was deceived
[p. 18]
+that he had set his mind upon it & was much
disappointed & we found
+ it very difficult
to remove he prejudices we stated that
William Kirk
+ had come to their country
last spring with an intention of assit-
ing
+ them but that the Potowatomies
and Miamies had refused to receive
+ him
& that he had to return back to the
Shawenesse but he said that
+ he had
received no account of his being here
& so had not refused
+ him & throught
that he can been neglected.
the country around Fort wayne is not
of the First Quality [deleted: yet] but
+ on the
other side of the River the land is
good the situation of the
+ Fort is
pleasant & the prospect pretty
good considering the flatness
+ of the
Country Elisha & myself lodged
at Johnstons & the others
+ at the
Tavern
[p. 19]
+[deleted paragraph:
+We had conversation with Winnemak
a Chief of the Potowatomy
+ Nation
residing on the Peconoe River he told
us that the President of
+ the united States
had promised him that he would give
him assistance in
+ the Cultivation
of his lands & that he had disappointed
him in not
+ sending the assistance
promised]
We staid at Fort Wayne until First day
morning the 15th when David Grave
+ & my-
-self set out for Dennis's Station Elisha
Tyson having been
+ taken with the Rheu-
-matism was bled and Blistered & not
in a
+ situation to ride on acct of the
soreness of his Blister tho' the pain
+
was removed we had concluded
to call the Indians together in 9
+
Days at Fort Wayne & had sent
an Indian to the Five Medals
+ town
to give Information & John
Flin Interpreter for
[p. 20]
+John Johnston was to accompany us
to Dennis Station &
+ Massasinneway
but after Crossing the River to William
Wallis's he could
+ not Find his
Horse so we proceeded on & he was
to overtake us if
+ could get
his Horse, but we arrived there
alone & John Flin came
+ there
in the evening & lodged with us
at Shaw Griffiths
16 David's Horse having failed
we received acct that the
Massasinians
+ were drunk & killing
one another we let John go with
-out us.
+ Elisha & Benjamin Iddings
arrived in Company with William
Wells
+ about 3 OClock, Elisha was
very much overcome with the Jour-
-ney
17th - We Walked to the upper Village
this morning visited the White loon
[ p. 21]
+The Principal Chief and some others &
had some conversation with them
+ &
returned in the afternoon we went down
the River about half a mile
+ below
Dennis's Station & visited the Eel River
Indians The Indians
+ at both these
Villages live in tolerable log houses
Which were
+ generally built by Wells
out of their annuities the amt of
the Whole
+ Population of these Villages
with Dennis's Station being about
+ 300
Tomorrow we have appointed to see the
Indians together--
18th we heard this morning that several
of the Indians of the Lower Village
+ were
drinking which has a disagreeable feeling
to us but hope they will
+ not Interrupt us
in Council to day -- abut 12 OClock we
met with the
+ Indians of the upper and Lower
Villages & also those at Dennis's Station
+ to
whom we read the address (that was to have
been taken out by John
+ Shaw & Griffith & found
by us at Red Stone it having been to late in
+ get-
-ting out) William Welles being Interpreter
[p. 22]
+Some observations were also communicated
by Elisha Tyson & David Grave to
+ all which
they gave their assent as is customary
after Which the White
+ loon made a Short Speech
acknowledging the propriety of what had
been
+ said & observed that as they expected to
attend the Council at Fort
+ Wayne where
a more pointed reply would be necessary
he thought it
+ superfluous to say much
at that time the Indians generally made
a pretty
+ good appearance & some had on
very costly dresses. we returned to our
+ young
mens Habitation & Dined upon Beef killed
the Evening before by
+ the Indians it was
said partly on our account they manifested
respect
+ for us & partly good decorum at the
time of our counselling together
We observe few or any of the young men
at labour & it appears doubtful
+ whether
the present generation of young men will
apply themselves to
+ Labour prejudice &
their habits of ease & Indulgence being
to
+ deeply Rooted in their minds
[ p. 23]
+Shaw & Griffith were preparing Ground for
Planting Corn the weather had
+ been so wet
for sometime back that the Ground could not
be plowed to
+ advantage. the land Cleared
at these Villages is about 100 Acres they
+ have
about 120 Horse kind & about 50 Horned
Cattle & a good many
+ Hogs the want of
mas last Winter proved fatal to abundance
of Swine I
+ do not find that Friends have
any Hogs at the Station the land here
as
+ well for 200 Miles down this River is
Excellent & would admit of
+ settlements suf-
-ficient for all the Indians on this side the
+
Missisippi & is Navigable up the little River for Boats about
20
+ Miles above this which is connected by
a portage of about 8 miles with the
+ St. Mary
a branch of the Miami of the Lake
the main Stream navigable
+ many miles Higher
We viewed the Mill Seat at Dennis
Station on the River
+ which we pronounced
a good one also Dennis's Creek a Large
Branch but
+ pronounced in favour of
the River Mill the Branch failing
in the
+ Summer
[p. 24]
the Weather has been fine for 2 Days past but
this Evening has a threatning
+ aspect so that it
looks quite likely that we must either be
+ detained
here or ride in the Rain tomorrow as usual
the young men have
+ been handing out the
corn to such as were in want but some of
+ the
Indians having exprest their dissatisfaction
we directed them to
+ give all the Corn they had
to the Indians to be divided by them as
+ they
saw meet & a thought suggested itself to us
that it would be as
+ well for whoever should
be stationed here to spend the chief of their
+
time in assisting & Instructing the Indians
Instead of Raising Corn
+ to be given away
In the Evening the Chiefs of the Villages
the White Loon of the upper Village
+ from
Massisiniway & Charley Chief of the Eel
River Indians at the
+ lower Village & some
of their Principal Indians attended
& we
+ delivered them a pipe after having taken
taken a fraternal smoke & had
+ some
Friendly Conversation on the subject
of our Mission Capt Welles
+ has been
our Interpreter
[p 25]
+We were busy this Morning in making
an early Start in order to reach the
+ Turtle
town on our way to Fort Wayne but rain
coming on & it being
+ only a path thro
thick bushes in places we concluded
to lie by until
+ Morning. in the Evening
it came on a Gust with Thunder &
+ heavy
rain
20th - upon Consultation this Morning
we concluded it would be very
+ difficult
for us to get to Turtle Town on acct
of the Waters being high
+ so sent
John Flin. J. Johnstons interpreter
to give the Little Turtle
+ notice of
Time of our meeting & invite him &
we proceeded to
+ Fort Wayne we ar-
rived at W. Wells's about 3 oClock
Benjamin Iddings
+ & myself staid
at Wells's & Elisha went over to the
Fort to
+ Johnstons
[p 26]
+David Grave's Mare being sick staid at
Dennis's Station intending to come
+ on
first day to the Fort in Company with
John Shaw
21st - Breakfasted this morning with Wells
walked about & Viewed the
+ Plantion which
is a very Good one it & the neighbour-
-hood has been
+ formerly the Great
Village of the Miami Indians the
Elavation of the
+ Corn Hills is quite
Visible also the Indian Graves they have
been buried
+ single in the same manner
that we bury & there is some graves
near
+ Wells's House of Indians that have
been recently buried over one of
+ their
Chiefs stands a pole with a white flag
opposite Wells plantion
+ over the River
St. Joseph we were shewn the Ground
where Genral Harmer
+ was defeated
& where many of his men fell in
Crossing the River it
+ was in a large
Priarie which would make a beautiful
Plantion.
[p. 27]
+being Clear land for a great Extent
I suppose at least one thousand
+ acres
Wells's Plantation lies in the fork of
the Mary & Joseph
+ Rivers which
come together before they arrive at the
Fort the stream
+ then takes the name
of the Miami of the lakes & Runs about
North
+ east the Joseph runs about
N.W. & the Mary about South West
+ --
there is plenty of fish in the River of the
Cat Bass & Perch
+ & Pickerel & Sheeps head
&c -- we were Examining some of the
+ goods
in Johnstons Store they are many of
them of the most Indifferent
+ in Quality
Rifles very Indifferent in Quallitty as is
the hoes without.
+ Steel -- traps by the
Hundred not worth Six pence per
piece in Short
+ it appears that if
more attention is not paid to the
Selection of Goods
+ for the Indian
department, our Credit in that
quarter will be done &
+ the Indians
will endeavor to trade with
[p. 28]
+the British this [deletion] we apprehend Judges think
that ten or Fifteen
+ Thousand Dollars
might be saved annually if care
was taken so as to send
+ nothing here
but what was of good quality. &
otherwise suitable for
+ this market
22nd this morning being first day there
there is a smart frost which will be
+
pretty hard upon the Gardens & tender
Vegetables the Fruit
+ doubtless will
Suffer -- we went over to W. Wells's to
dine in Company
+ with J. Johnston &
the Officers of the Garrison & the
+ Doctor
where we had a Decent Dinner &
very good decorum the officers
+ & Doctor
with Johnston are all young Men
& appear to be of sober
+ deportment not
one of them [delete: but] given to Intemperance
in short
+ we have been much pleased
& disappointed to find such Characters
in
+ the Military professions
[p. 29]
+Several of the Indians made their appear-
-ance & one of they call
+ Wapakee called
by the french Maupauk the most Gigantic
Savage looking
+ Indian that we have
yet seen he is of the Potowatomy &
Sioux Nation
+ mixed he was the chief
who took the 40 Osages prisiners which
the United
+ States lately redeemed at
a very great expense the Osages
have lately
+ killed ten of Sioux &
five of the Delaware & he is treath-
-ing
+ vengance against them. he has his
men he says ready & can stay but
+
a short time with us but must meet
them to go against the Osages &
+ it is
thought that it will not be possible
to turn him from his purpose
+ we
dread his company in Council as he
does not appear to have any
+ more
Idea of Civilization than the
Bears in the Woods he puts
me in
+ mind of some of the
[p. 30]
+Antient Giants perhaps Hercules him-
-self may be pretty well
+ Identified
in his Person & War club he has
but one hand & yet
+ they say there
is not one Indian in the Country
that the Indians fear
+ so much as
they do this man -- the five Medals
& White Loon are
+ here. the little Turtle has
the Gout or Rheumatism & is
+ hardly
expected here the prospect is avery
dull one as we are informed
+ that the
Turtle & five medals are our ene-
-mies & will oppose
+ us. The two Chiefs
at the Wabash, the White Loon for the
Masseseneway
+ Indians , & Charley for the
Eel River Indians, I believe are
both
+ Friendly & if it was not for the
undue influence that some bad
+ Cha-
racters have over them & the love of
Whiskey they might in time
+ be brought
into some degree of Civilization
[p. 31]
+23. This being the day we had appointed
for to hold a Council with the
+ Indians
& many of them were Collected over the river
we were engaged
+ in preparing such
communications to them as we thought
advisible but to
+ our great Mortification
we were informed that the son of the
Five medals
+ had returned from Stanton
where he had been with several men
&
+ Horses to purchase whiskey with a
Large quantity & that the Indians
+ here
collected had got to drinking it &
were many of them drunk so
+ that the
prospect looks gloomy & that all our
toil will be of no
+ avail
24 The contractor showed us this morn-
-ing that in the month of April
+ last
there was delivered by order of the
Indian agent 1117 Rations of
+ Whiskey
or about 35 Gallons The Contractor
informed us that he offered
+ to furnish
William kirk when in Friends employ
[delete] Flour at $6 per
+ [Cut?]
[p. 32]
+The Indians are still drunk & little
prospect of doing any business
+ with
them about nine o Clock the Indians that
had come in came together
+ except Wapa-
-kee who was too drunk the five Medals was so
much
+ intoxicated with divers others,
that we concluded it would not do
to
+ pretend to treat with them & but
just to come together & inform
+ them
that we were sorry that they had been
drinking so much as to be
+ unfit to talk
with at Present but would meet
them tomorrow morning when
+ if they
were still drunk we would go away
without having any public talk
+ with
them -- The five Medals made reply
that we might speak, as the
+ Potowa-
-tomies were the only people that
were drunk & that they
+ were sober
enough to listen to what we
[p. 33]
had to say but did not wish to answer
& that they could go home tomorrow
+ & did
not care whether they heard what we have
to say or not. &
+ told Elisha that he
was no Great Chief & therefore did
wrong to tell
+ the Indians that we
would not treat with them if they were
+ drunk
tomorrow when after a little more talk
we separated to meet again
+ tomorrow
-- morning--
25th the morning pleasant & the sun
Shining which has not been a
+ very
common thing [delete] here lately we have
had 2 very severe frosts
+ within these few day
past which has killed many things
even the Potatoes
+ are killed to the very
ground the Beans &c killed fairly we wish
to
+ set out as we begin to fear the flies
The Indians assembled this
+ morning
[delete] there was but few of the Chiefs
present
[p. 34]
+We read the address of the Committee to
them. also the Turtles & five
+ Medals speeches
upon the subject of Civilization after wards
was readd
+ an address of our own with
the Turtles speech upon spirituous
+ Liquors
they were mostly interpreted into the
Miami & Potowatomy
+ Languages --
by William Wells for the Miami & John
Flinn for the
+ Potowatomy after which
we went to dinner with Captain
Heald & left
+ the Indians in Council
amongst themselves in order to pre-
-pare an
+ answer to our addresses --
about 2 OClock they sent us word
that they
+ were in readiness to Commun-
-icate to us their minds. we attended
&
+ five Medals after making
some observations replied to
Elisha Tysons
+ observation respecting
the proffered aid of Government
& said that
+ there was but few of
[p. 35]
+the Chiefs present that they were engaged
in Business of more importance at
+ this
time William Kirk was here last year
that it was the same case with
+ them
this spring -- & that he did not think us authorized
to
+ Question him upon that subject
after he had done the White Loon one
of the Chiefs residing at Dennis's
+ Station
made some observations respecting our
young men residing amongst
+ them
& said he thought that by Working with
the Indians in their own
+ Fields they
would render them more essential
service & also
+ animadverted upon
the Indian Corn that was to be distri-
-buted among
+ the Indians this spring
at the Station thinking it was a
+ little
extraordinary that after being a great
deal of Corn last fall
+ that there
should be so little this spring when
it was offered for a
+ division the
greater part was taken by Shaw some
less to Wells &
+ some given to the Indians
so that there was only about 50 Bushls--
[p. 36]
+26th. We had intended to set out this morning
but there appeared to be a good
+ deal
of Writing to do relative to our Mission
& John Johnston also
+ wished to send some-
-thing of the Writing kind with us which was
+ not
fully prepared -- in the course of the
Day we had a good deal of
+ conversa-
-tion with Wells we were very plain
with him, which he took in
+ good
part & endeavoured to explain or ex-
-cuse. we plainly saw the
+ Difficulty
of his situation & were nearly ready
to conclude that he
+ was determined
to act uprightly. we think if he
was Faithful agreeably
+ to his ability
he would still be of use in his
Station. We also had a
+ good deal
of conversation with the White
Loon respecting Whiskey. he
+ seemed
very sensible of the bad consequences
attend[delete: ed]ant upon
+ drinking & made
some very good observations upon
[p. 37]
+the subject comparing it to the throwing
firebrands among the Family &
+ made
the Women run to hunt shelter some-
-where else but seemed very
+ doubtful
of having firmness enough to resist
the temptation --
27th. Rode to Fort Wayne through a
Steady days rain & very deep Roads
+ & ar-
-rived at the St. Mary's at Stephen
Youngs about sun setting
+ & Crossed
over in a Canoe swimming our
Horses. we let our Horses
+ run loose in
as fine grass as is common to see. it
was spear grass &
+ would have mowed
a good Swarth. here is a proof of In-
-dian Industry.
+ William Kirk last
Spring Built a House and Cleared a Corn field
for this
+ old Indian the field is en-
-tirely neglected tho the land is
Excellent
+ a part is grown up with
spear or Blue Grass so that it won't
mow
[p. 38]
+28th. we Set out again this Morning
& rode as yesterday thro the rain
+ about
18 miles to Charley Murrays we have
been very wet these two days
+ & fell a
good deal through feel about our Health
but we have a Floor
+ to lie on with
a good fire at our feet. Murray has
an Indian Woman for
+ a Wife we eat as
nice Butter & born Bread of her make
as need be
+ wished for. this is the second
crossing of the St. Mary where there has
+
been a Garrison the land is good & the
united states have a reserve
+ of about
3 miles square at this Place. our pro-
-spect this morning 29th
+ first day is gloomy in the
extreme but Elisha & David seem
intent to
+ go to Wapakunetah the town
where William Kirk lives contrary
to my
+ desire which was to proceed
directly home--
[p. 39]
+John Flin Interpreter for the united States
Factory who accompanied us thus
+ far
& Benjamin Iddings left us to go on to
Still Water. the river
+ is very high & we
have a very small Canoe to Ride
in. after their
+ departure we got our Horses
in readiness & an Indian Squaw as
+ pilot
to accompany us to Wapucconetah the
town where William Kirk
+ resides
but on examination we found it too
dangerous a venture so we
+ concluded
to set out Homeward. we set out about
about nine OClock in
+ Company
with Murray & his Indian Wife
who accompanied us about 6
+ miles
to see us across 2 Creeks that [delete: appeared]
were expected to
+ be too high to ride
we crossed the fork of the St. Mary
Swimming
+ [delete: in] our Horses & rode to Flins
where we crossed Laramie
+ Creek
Swimming our Horses as before
then to Thatchers 9 miles
+ where
we lodged on the Floor
[p. 40]
+as we have done every since we
left Still water
29th we crossed Laramie Creek
again swimming as usual & rode
to Lower
+ Pickaway where we fed our
Horses. then Proceeded to Still Water
to
+ Benjamin Iddings where we took
some refreshment then Crossed Still
water
+ to Saml. Jones Swimming our
Horses. we were kindly entertained
staid
+ there during the night & about 10 OClock
Set out in Company with our
+ kind host
toward Dayton intending to Stop at Benjn
Owings Saml Jones
+ accompanied us about
4 Miles & left us & we arrived at B.
+ Owings
about 12 Miles the road mostly very bad [?]
the Land during this
+ Rout being near
Still Water River was Excellent & many
mill seats on
+ pretty Good Streams proceeding
from springs Generally falling over a
+
high bank of 30 or 40 Feet
[p. 41]
+There was one Mill Built & one More [delete] preparing
for another. many
+ of the settlers [delete] are prepa-
-ring to live handsomely. this perhaps
+ is
as good a settlement as almost any we have
seen. there is 4 meetings
+ about Still Water
& one [delete: about] on White Water belonging to
+ West
Branch Monthly Meeting Still Water is
navigable [delete: above]
+ many Miles above the
Settlement of Friends. our Horses are much
Jaded
+ & we propose staying here. we lodged
here & were kindly & well
+ entertained
6 mo the 1st
we set out about 8 OClock & Rode
to Stanton about 5
+ miles through very
rich Land & a tolerable road we crossed
the River
+ & fed our Horses at Reeds where
William Kirk lay sick. & had been
+ here
2 or 3 weeks in that Condition he was so
well as to be able to
+ Walk about & was in
hope that he would be able to go to his
Station
+ in a few Days. we set out from
Stanton near noon & Rode through a
+
Good Country to Mordecai Walkers about
a Mile from Wainesville
[p. 42]
+Where we found ourselves at home & set
down quietly in the course of this
+ afternoons
ride we had the opportunity of seeing a
very large Rattle
+ snake in the road. making
a very great noise with his Rattles
+ David
Grave killed him & measured round his
Body with a string &
+ Calculated that it was
8 Inch in Circumference & 4 Feet in length
6 mo 2nd. Our Horses are much out of order
Davids Mare is much out of order
+ Elisha's
a good deal so my Horses Back is sore &
my Calculation is
+ that a few days more
will Settle the [Harsh] with our Horses --
we left
+ Mordecai Walkers & Rode over
the Little Miami to Abijah Oneales
+ where
Joel Wright resides they both accompanied
us to Jonathan Wrights
+ about 12
Miles. he has a fine tract of Land.
& a saw mill built
+ & expects to Build
a Grist Mill this Summer
[p. 43]
+his House is of magnitude for this
Country altho not finished he has
+ four
Rooms below Stairs with an Entry but
has not a great deal of land
+ Cleared
his Daughter Betsey keep a Small School
in one of the Rooms
4th of the month & 7th of the Week we went to Monthly Meeting
at Centre
+ at 2 1/2 Miles from Jonathan Wrights
intending on our return in the evening
+ to
have rode about 13 Miles to Vanmetres but
the London Epistles &
+ Extracts arriving the
meeting held so late that we concluded to
stay at
+ J. Wrights until morning. The
monthly meeting was large consisting of
+ about
140 or 150 Families & many Friends that
appear very well Henry
+ Millhous Charity Cook
& Susannah Hollingsworth appeared in
Testimony
+ we thought very lively the business
there was a good many minutes &
+ business
came in from the Preparatives & the
whole was requests to
+ be admitted into
membership & a few Certificates not one
offender to
+ deal with
[p. 44]
+the Preparatives are Centre & todds Fork
in the Evening I went out with
+ Benjamin
Farquhar & Joel Wright (Son of Jonathan)
to view a Tract of
+ Land that adjoins
Jonathan Wrights & concluded if it
was not too
+ good it might do
The Settlement of Friends in this lower
part of the Country consists of 4
+ Monthly
1 West Branch by name on Still water
Consisting of 5 meetings & the
+ prospect
of another shortly
2 Miami monthly at Wainsville Consisting
of 5 Meetings
3 Centre -- at Todds Fork & Cesars Creek
alternately
4 Fairfield -- at Lees Creek & Clear
Creek alternating 3 meetings for
+ Worship
we intend setting our early tomorrow
morning & push forward with
+ Vigour
[p. 45]
+5th we set out early Jonathan Wright
accompanied us to Vanmetres about
+ 14
Miles we dined at Vanmetres & then rode
to Seth Smiths 14 miles
+ where we put up
for the Night the land in this days rout
generally good
+ tho' some of it too flat
much of it I suppose to be of the first
+ quality-
6th. we set out early again & rode to S. Davis's
10 miles where we
+ Breakfasted much bad roads
this morning we Crossed Lees Creek &
+ the
Rattlesnake Fork of paint yesterday.
this Morning 4-1/2 Miles
+ completed we
crossed Paint Creek both considerable
Streams the Land this
+ morning between
Smiths & Davis's mostly indifferent
we passed very
+ near Lees Creek meeting house
yesterday & also near William
+ Luptons
Saw Mill we continued on about 7
miles where we fed our Horses
+ and then
Proceeded to Chilocotha the Land [delete]
for 5 or 6 Miles
+ toward Chilacotha is
of the first Quality
[p. 46]
+we went in the Evening to see Edward Tiffen
the Late Governor of the State of
+ Ohio & had
some Conversation with him respecting the
selling of
+ whiskey to the Indians in this State
he seems well disposed & said he
+ would use his
influence with the Leading members of the
Legislature of
+ this state in order to have a
Law passed to that effect.
7th Elisha & David went to see Worthington
who lives about 1-1/2 Miles
+ out of Town they
were pretty well satisfied with their visit
& found
+ Very Friendly & well disposed to
forward our Views respecting
+ prohibiting Whiskey
being sold to the Indians after their return
we
+ staid & dined & in the Evening rode to
Websters where we lodged
8 Set out early & Rode to Evans 9 miles
through a beautiful Country
+ Breakfasted in a very dirty
House then 10 miles to Lathers where we
+
dined he has a Large & delightful plantation
after dinner we passed
+ through new Lancaster
about 3 Miles & put up for the Night
[p. 47]
+9th We proceeded on to new Lancaster about
33 Miles about 8 Miles back at
+ brooks tavern
we found an ancient Friend from the lower
parts of
+ Virginia who was moving out to his
Creek settlement & took sick on the
+ road he
had two of his Daughters with him & appeared
as though he
+ would not continue many Days
the Young Women were Comely decent
+ Looking
Friends his name is Gerard Ladd Elisha
is very unwell we pushed
+ on, the weather this
Day intensely hot we pushed on & Crossed
+ the
River Muskingum near to Zanesville & put up at
Taylors
+ Tavern
10th The Weather is very hot this morning &
Elisha overdone so that we
+ have concluded
to dine here to Day we went over the
Muskingum after
+ Breakfast to Isaac
Vanhornes to see Moses Dillon. we found
him &
+ went him to view his Mill Seat at
the Mouth of Licking which is a
+ very
Large Stream & the seat a very good one
[p. 48]
+the fall about 6-1/2 Feet he said he had
another above with a Saw mill
+ erected &
one still higher up being about 4 Miles
from the Mouth of
+ the Creek where there
was about 20 Feet fall where he proposed
erecting
+ a Furnace his property here ap-
-pears to be very valuable but it will
+ re-
-quire an immense sum of money to im-
-prove it to advantage where
+ his resources
are commensurate for that purpose I must
leave -- we
+ returned to Zanesville & Dined
& then set out & rode about 16
+ miles
where we Lodged at Spears Tavern
11th we set out early & rode about 7 miles
to Wills Creek where we
+ Breakfasted &
then rode to Washington about 10 miles
where we dined
+ the weather excessively
hot. Rain coming on we were in doubt
whether to
+ move or stay but a township
Election being held for Choosing
+ Justices
& the people beginning to drink Whiskey
& talk loud we
+ decamped & rode
[p. 49]
about 7 Miles when another Shower coming
on we stop'd at Roger's tavern &
+ Lodged
12th. set out the roads very slippery so that
we rode with Difficulty &
+ Breakfasted [delete: with]
at Bradshaws. after Breakfast we rode
to
+ Joseph Vanlaws near Plainfield meeting
house arriving about one OClock we
+
put up for the Day & were very kindly
entertained
13th Set out next morning & Rode
5 Miles to St. Clairsville mostly
+ called
Newels town & staid whilst Elisha
had his Horse Shod. my
+ Horses
Back was very sore so much so that
I thought it rather Cruel to
+ ride
& therefore I exchanged him with Josiah
Dillon (who is a
+ Senator for the State
of Ohio) for a Bay Horse of his after
paying
+ Smart money we then proceeded
to Horton Howards about 12 Miles
where we
+ found John Witchell &
his Wife Mary
[p. 50]
+who appeared in high Spirits seeming
pretty well satisfied with the
+ prospect
of Settling at Wheeling & were likely
to have a good house
+ to live in on
Year without rent I left David &
Elisha at Horton's
+ & went to Brother
George Kinseys at Short Creek
14th Staid at George's until after Dinner
& then went Nathan updegraff
+ &
thence to Joseph Steers where we
lodged my Company having
+ overtaken
me at N. Updegraffs --
14th Rainy Weather & the Prospect
unpleasant -- about 9 O Clock
the
+ rain abating we proceeded &
in about 5 Miles Crossed the river
at
+ Warren near the mouth of
Short Creek. we then proceeded
about 20 Miles
+ & Lodged at the
Junction of the Short Creek &
[p. 51]
+Wheelen Roads
+15th. set out & Rode to Washington
[delete: at] 5 Miles & Breakfasted
+ at
Morris's Tavern. then rode about
20 Miles to Henry Mills's
+ where
we propose resting some days
16 - still Here Elisha this day concluded
that he would be willing to part
+ with
his Horse his Back being too sore to think
of riding him home Henry
+ Mills called
in William Hills who had a Horse He
thought would suit him.
+ & so they ex-
-changed Horses & now it looks likely
that we may
+ proceed on with more
satisfaction
17th. we left Henry Mills's early he ac-
companying us to Blacksmiths
+ shop
on the road where Elisha had his Horse
shod we then Proceeded to
+ our Friend
Jonas Cattle's -
[p. 52]
& Staid there until about 3 O Clock
when we set out Intending for
+ Beeson
Town but a Gust coming on we stop'd at
William Dixons about 5
+ Miles short of the
Town & staid there during the night
18th. we set out early & rode to Union Town
and arrived about the Sixth
+ Hour the
Weather warm & a probability of more rain
to day. we
+ Breakfasted [delete: put up at] Collins's Tavern the
Land thro the rout
+ Yesterday & this morning
Excellent & pretty well improved
+ generally
we passed over the Laurer Hill & Dined
at Inks's, then
+ proceeded & Crossed the
Youghigana over the Bridge about
14 Miles
+ to Peter Lenhards, (Brother
to Henry in Baltimore) & Lodged
19 -- Set out early thro Bad roads &
Rain to Browns 5 miles where we
+
Breakfasted the land for 20 Miles
Back pretty good & thickly
+ settled
[p. 53]
We rode to Tomlinsons about 10 Miles &
Dined then proceeded 10 miles
+ more
to Musselmans & put up for the Night
Elisha appeared very much
+ outdone tho
the distance was small but the weather is
Warm & the
+ Hills very fatigueing the Improve-
-ments at this Tavern are very good &
+
every thing has the air of neatness & Indu-
-stry
20 Set out & Rode to Gwins [?] Where we Break
-fasted then Rode through
+ Cumberand
about 12 Miles & dined then proceeded
through Old Town to
+ Bells Mills where
we lodged.
21 Set out early about 8 Miles to
a Tavern on the Hills {delete: & dined]
+ Breakfasted
thence after making a Halt at 15 Mile Creek
we proceed but
+ rain coming in we stop'd
about 5 Miles after the rain ceased we
+ pro-
ceeded to Hancock Willits here we
Lodged at Bean's
[p 54]
+23rd. Set out early & Rode to Hunters
to Breakfast & being 10 Miles
+ then to Williams
-port 14 Miles & Dined then proceeded
to
+ Boonsborough & Lodged at Comers Inn
I had pretty Hard work to drag
+ Elisha along
this Evening as far as my desire to get
home prompted
+ me.
24 we rose Early & proceeded to Middle
-town 8 Miles where we
+ Breakfasted
the weather very pleasant which has
been to hot & Gusty
+ for about 10
Days Back that Elisha is almost worn
out but it is nothing
+ but exercise to
me & I feel as pleasant & easy as if I had
been
+ sitting at Home
This work is the property of the Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore + College. It may be copied freely by individuals for personal use, research, + and teaching (including distribution to classes) as long as this statement + of availability is included in the text. It may be linked to freely in + Internet editions of all kinds, including for—profit works.
+Publishers, libraries, and other information providers interested in + providing this text in a commercial or non—profit product or from an + information server must contact Swarthmore College for licensing and cost + information.
+Scholars interested in changing or adding to these texts by, for example, + creating a new edition of the text (electronically or in print) with + substantive editorial changes, may do so only with the permission of Friends + Historical Library of Swarthmore College. This is the case whether the new + publication will be made available at a cost or free of charge.
+2 pp.
+This manuscript account is housed at Friends Historical Library, on the campus of + Swarthmore College.
+The transcribers and editor attempted to render the author’s orthography and + grammar as they appear on the page of his journal, even when the author’s own + spelling and usage are inconsistent. Additionally, many questions remain about + spelling the names of his Quaker acquaintances, individual Native Americans who + populate his journal, and Indian villages and towns. The transcribers and editor + attempted to remain faithful to the author’s Anglicized spellings in all cases.
+The author of the original journal does not include page numbers on his + manuscript; the page numbers have been interpolated by the transcribers to + correspond with the manuscript sheets.
+The Following is an account of the Exercise & Experience of an Indian
+ Man as Related by him self to a Number of Friends, says I Dont often open
+ my mind to any, but I now feel the way is open. and more than a freedom to
+ Do it some years Past it was laid upon me to Encourage others to Do well;
I
+ thought I was a Poore ignorant Indian, I could not Encourage others to Do
+ well, so I shoved it away (Puting his hand out as tho he had Put it from
+ him,
then fetching his hand back again & laying it on his breast, says
+ it was brought back
again & laid upon me, I then shoved it away again,
+ & so he Did a number of times
Implying the reasoning state of his Mind
+ It was then opened to my view, that
the truth was a Very precious thing,
+ very precious Indeed. Oh how Precious it Doth look
to me. He can say it is
+ innocent, we can say it is Innocent, thats all we can say.
words cannot say
+ half. I then said with Peter Depart from me O Lord, I am
a sinful man but
+ it was brought back & laid upon me again some
morning as I was going to
+ a
before me Puting his hand to his Eyes, says I Did not see them with
+ these Eyes.
they appeard to be traveling a long before me. the foremost
+ ones was half grown
large, & I heard them talking to one another.
+ Puting his hand to his Ears says but
not with those Ears saying to one
+ another God speed help you on the way, the
hindmost looked Poore, small,
+ their heads hund Down seemed allmost ready to
give out I wondered what it
+ should mean Then something come & talked
with me Puting his hand to his
+ Breast, says it talked to me here, and told
me, these are my sheep &
+ this Day you shall see them lift up their heads in
hope, & feed on the
+ bread of Life Then it said to me, them that are before are
the Priest &
+ Deacons, they are grown fat & full, they can Encourage one an
others
+ but they forget the Poore of the flock. I went on to the meeting, the
+ Priest Preached, Prayed, & sung & used the Very words, I heard the fat
+ sheep
use one to another, And after he had Done, I thought it my Duty to
+ tell them
what I see on the way; so I Did & thought I saw my Vision
+ fulfilled, the Poore
of the flock, lifted up their heads in hope & fed
+ on the bread of Life, the
Priest acknowledged in the Presence of the
+ People, that what I said was True
and that the Truth, had been Declared
+ among them by a Poore Ignorant
an; Then I went home Very
+ comfortable, Oh, how comfortable I Did feel
Then sometimes I feel my mind
+ Drawn in to simpathy with some, I want to
go & see them, I was
I Did not want folks to think
+ so I feel such a simpathy for one poore family
I want to go see them, at I
+ Did not no how to Do, so I thought I would take a
grist on my back & go
+
back I stop in,
+ It was just night, there was a rich man lived on the other side
of the
+ road, I suppose I would let me have bed to sleep in, but I thought I
had
+ rather lay by the
In the morning when I
she was
meal & left it with her, felt the
+ wants of the Poore Children, so that
carry all my meal away
+
And
way to go & see them,
thinking I should go to meeting 3 or 4 Days
+ hence, I began to think what I should say
when I should come there, so I
+ thought It over, I got something fixed in my mind, I
thought it would Do
+ Prety well, I hung it up, & by & by I took it looked at it again
I
+ thought it would Do very well, I hung it up so I Did good many times
+ before meeting Day come
I went to meeting & after the Priest got
+ through, I stood up & said it off as well as I could
and I thought I
+ said it off Prety well, but Oh how I was Distress & so I Passed along a
+ long
time, Did not know what the matter was Then something come &
+ talked to me & says, Did
you ever know a Great man if he want Great
+ Business Done away to Congress, or to
+
No more wont Great Spirit take you well I thought
+ sure Enough I have been mista
ken I never have known what good is, And Oh,
+ how I was Distress, but Did not
know where to find good (This he supposed
+ to be the bad spirit coming at a time
when he had mised it at the
+ Endeavouring to Persuade him, that he never had kno
wn what good was, Then
+ says somthing
posed was the good spirit, and says Great One knows all things, he can
+ Do all
things, he knows what is Best, And if a King want great business
+ Done, & he has
servents under him, if he wants to send one to Do
+ business for him, if he is a wise
Learned man, he ought to say what the
+ King tell him to say, if he is an ignorant
unlerned man, if he can talk, he
+ can say over after the King, just what the
King tell him to say, if it 2, 3
+ or 4 words more or less just as the King says
just so he ought to say Then
+ it says to one supose one of your neighbour
have a Piece of
to him, he takes it, feels
+ of it, looks at it; handles it; hangs it up, then by & by
he takes it
+ Down, he feels of it, handles it, looks at it; hangs it up, so he Do a
+ great many times, & keep it 3 or 4 Days, til it begins to stink, then he
+ take
it, cook it & set before you, to Eat, would you Eat it no I say I
+ would not
Eat it well it says just so your Preaching was the other Day The
+ Great
spirit wont have it
mind the Passage when there was a Piece of money brought to our
+
I Don't remember he asked them whose Image
+ & Inscription was on it
They told him
are cesars, & to God things that are
+ God
Cesar
it Did not come from the
+ Great Spirit, therefore it had not his superscripti
on on it, & he would
+ not have it, & that was the reason I was so troubled; I see
that Every
+ thing of mans contrivance had cesar superscription on it
and only that,
+ that comes Immediately from the Great Spirit, that would return
to him, or
+ that would be food for his True sheep, my
+
I
+ thought some time heard a strange Voice, Puting his hand to his Breast
says
+ Did not feel
Then it opened in my mind the Passage where the multitude followed our
+
in to the
thing; but he knew their wants,
+ he Did not want them to
caled on the Disciples, &
+ asked them if they had any thing for them, they say we have
a few loves
+ & a few fishes, but what are they among so many, but he knew what
he
+ was going to Do, he Directed that the multitude should all sit Down in
+ compane
on the grass; then he caled on the Disciples & they give all up
+ to him that they
had, then he took & broke it, & Blessed it; then
+ gave it to the Disciples, after all this
was Done, then he Commanded them
+ to hand it to the Multitude, then it was food for
them, they had Enough to
+ spare Just so I see it is now, when the Great spi
rit is Pleased to brake
+ the bread of life, hand it to his Disciples, & Command them to
hand it
+ to the People, then it is food for them Now after this it was Laid upon
me
+ again to Encourage othersto Do well, but the work looked to be so great, &
+ I
felt like such a Poore Ignorant Indian, that I thought I could not give
+ up to it
And said to that that talked with one there is a great many that
+ can do better
than I can, take some this one & Excuse one, It asked me
+ who; I said such a
one, it told one to fetch him up, I Did in any mind
+ Putting his hand to his breast
as tho he brought it to the witness in him
+ self, but he would not have him, but
shoved him away & so in this way
+ he said he broought up a number, but he
would not have them, & told me
+ I must give up Now I found the Great
Spirit condescended to
a way to meet my capacity
+ so I found it was necessary to wait upon him
to be instructed, what to say,
+ how to say, & when
the servents that
+ was sent out to Invite in to the feast, It is Done Lord as those
commanded
+ & yet there is room, then I find there is yet room for more Exercise
+ more labour, more Invitation, the way is not shut up in any Heart
+
Then it opened in my mind the circumstance of Joseph, how he was sold by
his
+ brethren, & the reason why they sold him, he was Designd by the great
+ spirit to be greater then his brethren, he had some Dreams that seamed to
+ lead them to think so, some of them had a mind to kill him, others thought
+ best to sell him, & see what would become of his Dreams, so they sold him,
+ he
was carried Down of to Egypt, & Put into Prison,
+ wrongfully, but the Great spi
rit was with him there & knew what he was
+ a going to bring abought
+
body in Prison with
+ Joseph, and he was released, & Joseph told him when
he come in the
+ Presence of the King to remember him, but he forgot Jo
seph till he was
+ brought into a strait, the King had some Dreams
I cannot read much, I
+ cannot tell just how it was, but I remember he
Dreamed something about some
+ Ears of corn, Eating up some Ears of
corn, & there nobody could
+ Interpret his Dreams, then this man
remembered Joseph, he was sent for, the
+ Great Spirit was with him & knowed
all things, so he could tell the
+ King the interpretation of his Dreams
+
So when he told him what was a going to
and
+ thought it best to Prepare against the time of Famine, that Joseph
said was
+ coming, & he thought there was no one so suitable as Joseph
because the
+ Great Spirit was with him, so he put all Power in to his hand
only the King
+ was greater, so Joseph ordered store houses to be built & laid
up Corn
+ for the time of famine that was coming & he had the Keys of the
stores,
+ now the famine come, his brethren come to want, they had sold
Joseph, &
+ Did not intend to bow to him, but they heard there was corn in
Egypt, their
+ father sent some of them Down to buy some, they applyed to Joseph
he knew
+ them, they Did not know him, he asked if they had any brethren &
+ whe
ther they had a Father living, they told him about them, so after a
+ while Joseph
sent for them, they all went Down & bowed to Joseph, for
+ there was no other way for
them to kept alive Now it looked Plain to me,
+ that we have a measure of
the good spirit afforded to lead us to Instruct
+ us & it is greater then we are & de
signed to Rule over us, or we
+ may Do as that tells us, or we may mind the bad spirit
But if we Do, it
+ will not yeald the Peaceable fruits of rightiousness, & we may say
to
+ the good spirit, we will not have this man to rule over us, we may Put it
+ away
and sell it, & it may be Put into Prison, yet a famine will
+ overtake there, & though
they may go into a far Country, far away from
+ that, that is Right, & and not Even
know Joseph or this good spirit,
+ yet that will know them, & it will there rise
up & Plead with them,
+ now there is no other way, but to go back again to that; that
is wright,
+ & acknowledge Joseph to be greatest he has all Power Commited to him
he
+ has the Keys of
The same Disposition, that was in Josephs Brethren, and in People in the
+ Days of the Apostles, is now in People, I have seen some folks, so simple, that
+ they
got mad with a gun & Broke it all to Pieces, because it had Done
+ some Mischief,
as tho the Gun was to blame, if it had not been Charged,
+ & then fire Put to it,
it would not; Done any harm, so when the
+ apostles were Charged with some
thing & the Fire of Divine love operated
+ on them, her they could Do Execution
but after it had Passed through them,
+ they were like the Emty Gun, it was
not they that Did it; it was that flame
+ of Divine love & here the People
took the apostles, & Put them to
+ Death, as tho they Done it, & thought to
stop it from spreading, but
+ they could not, for
And it operates the
PL
Claire Michel (’18) is a Psychology Major and Economics Minor at Haverford College. - She worked on creating the maps for the website using Carto (formerly Cartodb),
-Becky Lytle ('18) is a Computer Science major at Haverford College. She created the - document-viewer along with the profiles for the people, places, and groups. She also implemented a search - feature using Django-Haystack and Solr.
- - +Rebecca H. Astatke, Swarthmore College
+Corey Branch, Swarthmore College
+Cara Ehlenfeld, Swarthmore College
+Constance Hawley, Swarthmore College
+Conor Heins, Swarthmore College
+Aaron Kroeber, Swarthmore College
+Xavier Lee, Swarthmore College
+Shane Loeffler, Swarthmore College
+Becky Lytle, Haverford College
+Claire Michel, Haverford College
+Mary Olesnavich, Swarthmore College
+Emma Remsberg, Swarthmore College
+Julian Turner, Swarthmore College
+Yuchao Wang, Haverford College
Chris Densmore, Curator, Friends Historical Library (retired)
Sarah Horowitz, Head of Quaker & Special Collections, Haverford College
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-Mike Zarafonetis, Coordinator of Digital Scholarship and Research Services, Haverford College
diff --git a/templates/index.html b/templates/index.html index 141e59b..1c39315 100644 --- a/templates/index.html +++ b/templates/index.html @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@William Penn’s original intention to treat American Indians fairly in land “sharing” was soon overridden by the land hunger of Europeans. Different notions of land “use” and “ownership” became ever more critical as the two groups struggled to find ways to co-exist. Nevertheless, part of Penn’s vision lived on in the memory and policies of a community of Quakers who maintained—and continuously updated—a commitment to American Indians.
Beyond Penn's Treaty: Quakers and American Indian Relations provides access to linked and annotated versions of Quaker diaries, letters, and meeting records which record contact with American Indians, particularly the Seneca, beginning in the 1740s. These documents, held in Quaker & Special Collections at Haverford College and Friends Historical Library at Swarthmore College, are all from the Quaker perspective, and document their view of this unfolding relationship.
This site allows users to search for people, organizations, and places within a variety of documents; view maps of travel routes and common locations; and transcribe documents. The transcribed text versions of these documents and the metadata spreadsheets are available for download and reuse.
+Funding for the inclusion of some items on this site was provided by the Lapidus Initiative Fellowship For Digital Collections from the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture.