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miscellaneous.md

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Miscellaneous

sudo

  • Description: runs commands as the root user/superuser (superuser do), use caution when using sudo
  • Usage: sudo [command]

apt

  • Description: the Debian Linux package manager, you can use it to install things

  • Usage:

    • sudo apt install [package] installs a package/program, you need root permissions to do this (hence the sudo)
    • apt search [query] searches for packages matching [query]
    • apt show [package] shows specific details about [package]

  • Example:

    bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ sudo apt install python3
[sudo] password for bean:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
python3 is already the newest version (3.10.6-1~22.04).
python3 set to manually installed.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra ethtool gstreamer1.0-vaapi libflashrom1 libftdi1-2 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libllvm13 wmdocker
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 221 not upgraded.
    bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ apt search python
Sorting...
Full Text Search...
2to3/jammy-updates,jammy-updates,jammy-security,jammy-security 3.10.6-1~22.04 all
2to3 binary using python3

accerciser/jammy,jammy 3.38.0-1 all
interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop

... many results somewhat related to Python ...
    bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ apt show python3
Package: python3
Version: 3.10.6-1~22.04

... more stuff ...

bash

  • Description: the program that runs all of these commands, called a shell
  • Usage: bash
  • Example: 
    bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ bash
bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ exit # a new shell!
exit
bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~$ # same shell as original

grep

  • Description: searches for text
  • Usage: grep "string to search for"
    • Often you pipe (|) the output of other commands into grep (see the example).
  • Example: 
    bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~/linux_commands_intro$ cat hello
Hello striped zebras!
Here is another sentence
And another one!
bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~/linux_commands_intro$ cat hello | grep zebras
Hello striped zebras!
bean@bean-ThinkPad-X1-Yoga-Gen-6:~/linux_commands_intro$

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