Ubuntu 24.04 CI

[ptheywood]

We should probably add Ubuntu 24.04 based workflows, so we can test newer GCC's, and ensure we have compatibility with other updated dependencies.

This will include at the very least an update to the KERYRING_PACKAGE_FILENAME in the cuda installation script, as cuda-keyring_1.0-1_all.deb does not exist for 24.04, so cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb must be used. This appears to exist for 20.04 and 22.04.