examples/notebooks/unit-commitment.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Unit commitment\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "This tutorial runs through examples of unit commitment for generators at a single bus. Examples of minimum part-load, minimum up time, minimum down time, start up costs, shut down costs and ramp rate restrictions are shown.\n",
    "\n",
    "To enable unit commitment on a generator, set its attribute committable = True."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "import pypsa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Minimum part load demonstration\n",
    "\n",
    "In final hour load goes below part-load limit of coal gen (30%), forcing gas to commit."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(4))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.3,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"gas\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=70,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.1,\n",
    "    p_nom=1000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[4000, 6000, 5000, 800])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.status"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Minimum up time demonstration\n",
    "\n",
    "Gas has minimum up time, forcing it to be online longer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(4))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.3,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"gas\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=70,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.1,\n",
    "    up_time_before=0,\n",
    "    min_up_time=3,\n",
    "    p_nom=1000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[4000, 800, 5000, 3000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.status"
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Minimum down time demonstration\n",
    "\n",
    "Coal has a minimum down time, forcing it to go off longer."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(4))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.3,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    min_down_time=2,\n",
    "    down_time_before=1,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"gas\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=70,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.1,\n",
    "    p_nom=4000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[3000, 800, 3000, 8000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.objective"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.status"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Start up and shut down costs\n",
    "\n",
    "Now there are associated costs for shutting down, etc"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(4))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.3,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    min_down_time=2,\n",
    "    start_up_cost=5000,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"gas\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=70,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.1,\n",
    "    shut_down_cost=25,\n",
    "    p_nom=4000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[3000, 800, 3000, 8000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.objective"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.status"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ramp rate limits"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(6))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_up=0.1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_down=0.2,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Generator\", \"gas\", bus=\"bus\", marginal_cost=70, p_nom=4000)\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[4000, 7000, 7000, 7000, 7000, 3000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(6))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_up=0.1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_down=0.2,\n",
    "    p_nom_extendable=True,\n",
    "    capital_cost=1e2,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Generator\", \"gas\", bus=\"bus\", marginal_cost=70, p_nom=4000)\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[4000, 7000, 7000, 7000, 7000, 3000])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators.p_nom_opt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(7))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# Can get bad interactions if SU > RU and p_min_pu; similarly if SD > RD\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.05,\n",
    "    initial_status=0,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_start_up=0.1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_up=0.2,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_down=0.25,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_shut_down=0.15,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000.0,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Generator\", \"gas\", bus=\"bus\", marginal_cost=70, p_nom=10000)\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=[0.0, 200.0, 7000, 7000, 7000, 2000, 0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.optimize()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.p"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators_t.status"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nu.generators.loc[\"coal\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Rolling horizon example\n",
    "\n",
    "This example solves sequentially in batches"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "sets_of_snapshots = 6\n",
    "p_set = [4000, 5000, 700, 800, 4000]\n",
    "\n",
    "nu = pypsa.Network(snapshots=range(len(p_set) * sets_of_snapshots))\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Bus\", \"bus\")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"coal\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.3,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=20,\n",
    "    min_down_time=2,\n",
    "    min_up_time=3,\n",
    "    up_time_before=1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_up=1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_down=1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_start_up=1,\n",
    "    ramp_limit_shut_down=1,\n",
    "    shut_down_cost=150,\n",
    "    start_up_cost=200,\n",
    "    p_nom=10000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\n",
    "    \"Generator\",\n",
    "    \"gas\",\n",
    "    bus=\"bus\",\n",
    "    committable=True,\n",
    "    marginal_cost=70,\n",
    "    p_min_pu=0.1,\n",
    "    up_time_before=2,\n",
    "    min_up_time=3,\n",
    "    shut_down_cost=20,\n",
    "    start_up_cost=50,\n",
    "    p_nom=1000,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "nu.add(\"Load\", \"load\", bus=\"bus\", p_set=p_set * sets_of_snapshots)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "overlap = 2\n",
    "for i in range(sets_of_snapshots):\n",
    "    nu.optimize(nu.snapshots[i * len(p_set) : (i + 1) * len(p_set) + overlap])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pd.concat(\n",
    "    {\"Active\": nu.generators_t.status.astype(bool), \"Output\": nu.generators_t.p}, axis=1\n",
    ")"
   ]
  }
 ],
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