neural-machine-translation/34.gru-birnn-seq2seq-contrib-luong-bahdanau-beam.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "os.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '2'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:516: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint8 = np.dtype([(\"qint8\", np.int8, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:517: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_quint8 = np.dtype([(\"quint8\", np.uint8, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:518: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint16 = np.dtype([(\"qint16\", np.int16, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:519: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_quint16 = np.dtype([(\"quint16\", np.uint16, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:520: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint32 = np.dtype([(\"qint32\", np.int32, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/dtypes.py:525: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  np_resource = np.dtype([(\"resource\", np.ubyte, 1)])\n",
      "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.25.3) or chardet (3.0.4) doesn't match a supported version!\n",
      "  RequestsDependencyWarning)\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:541: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint8 = np.dtype([(\"qint8\", np.int8, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:542: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_quint8 = np.dtype([(\"quint8\", np.uint8, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:543: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint16 = np.dtype([(\"qint16\", np.int16, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:544: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_quint16 = np.dtype([(\"quint16\", np.uint16, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:545: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  _np_qint32 = np.dtype([(\"qint32\", np.int32, 1)])\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorboard/compat/tensorflow_stub/dtypes.py:550: FutureWarning: Passing (type, 1) or '1type' as a synonym of type is deprecated; in a future version of numpy, it will be understood as (type, (1,)) / '(1,)type'.\n",
      "  np_resource = np.dtype([(\"resource\", np.ubyte, 1)])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "with open('train-test.json') as fopen:\n",
    "    dataset = json.load(fopen)\n",
    "    \n",
    "with open('dictionary.json') as fopen:\n",
    "    dictionary = json.load(fopen)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "train_X = dataset['train_X']\n",
    "train_Y = dataset['train_Y']\n",
    "test_X = dataset['test_X']\n",
    "test_Y = dataset['test_Y']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys(['from', 'to'])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dictionary.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dictionary_from = dictionary['from']['dictionary']\n",
    "rev_dictionary_from = dictionary['from']['rev_dictionary']\n",
    "\n",
    "dictionary_to = dictionary['to']['dictionary']\n",
    "rev_dictionary_to = dictionary['to']['rev_dictionary']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "GO = dictionary_from['GO']\n",
    "PAD = dictionary_from['PAD']\n",
    "EOS = dictionary_from['EOS']\n",
    "UNK = dictionary_from['UNK']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Rachel Pike : The science behind a climate headline EOS'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(len(train_X)):\n",
    "    train_X[i] += ' EOS'\n",
    "    \n",
    "train_X[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'How can I speak in <NUM> minutes about the bonds of women over three generations , about how the astonishing strength of those bonds took hold in the life of a four - year - old girl huddled with her young sister , her mother and her grandmother for five days and nights in a small boat in the China Sea more than <NUM> years ago , bonds that took hold in the life of that small girl and never let go - - that small girl now living in San Francisco and speaking to you today ? EOS'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(len(test_X)):\n",
    "    test_X[i] += ' EOS'\n",
    "    \n",
    "test_X[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Translator:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, size_layer, num_layers, embedded_size, \n",
    "                 from_dict_size, to_dict_size, learning_rate,\n",
    "                 beam_width=5, force_teaching_ratio=0.5):\n",
    "        \n",
    "        def cells(size, reuse=False):\n",
    "            return tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell(size, reuse=reuse)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        self.X = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, None])\n",
    "        self.Y = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, None])\n",
    "        self.X_seq_len = tf.count_nonzero(self.X, 1, dtype=tf.int32)\n",
    "        self.Y_seq_len = tf.count_nonzero(self.Y, 1, dtype=tf.int32)\n",
    "        batch_size = tf.shape(self.X)[0]\n",
    "        \n",
    "        encoder_embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([from_dict_size, embedded_size], -1, 1))\n",
    "        decoder_embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([to_dict_size, embedded_size], -1, 1))\n",
    "        self.encoder_out = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(encoder_embeddings, self.X)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        main = tf.strided_slice(self.Y, [0, 0], [batch_size, -1], [1, 1])\n",
    "        decoder_input = tf.concat([tf.fill([batch_size, 1], GO), main], 1)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        for n in range(num_layers):\n",
    "            (out_fw, out_bw), (state_fw, state_bw) = tf.nn.bidirectional_dynamic_rnn(\n",
    "                cell_fw = cells(size_layer//2),\n",
    "                cell_bw = cells(size_layer//2),\n",
    "                inputs = self.encoder_out,\n",
    "                sequence_length = self.X_seq_len,\n",
    "                dtype = tf.float32,\n",
    "                scope = 'bidirectional_rnn_%d'%(n))\n",
    "            self.encoder_out = tf.concat((out_fw, out_bw), 2)\n",
    "            \n",
    "        bi_state = tf.concat((state_fw,state_bw), -1)\n",
    "        encoder_state = tuple([bi_state] * num_layers)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        dense = tf.layers.Dense(to_dict_size)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        with tf.variable_scope('decode'):\n",
    "            attention_mechanism = tf.contrib.seq2seq.LuongAttention(\n",
    "                num_units = size_layer, \n",
    "                memory = self.encoder_out,\n",
    "                memory_sequence_length = self.X_seq_len)\n",
    "            luong_cells = tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapper(\n",
    "                cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cells(size_layer) for _ in range(num_layers)]),\n",
    "                attention_mechanism = attention_mechanism,\n",
    "                attention_layer_size = size_layer)\n",
    "            attention_mechanism = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BahdanauAttention(\n",
    "                num_units = size_layer, \n",
    "                memory = self.encoder_out,\n",
    "                memory_sequence_length = self.X_seq_len)\n",
    "            bahdanau_cells = tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapper(\n",
    "                cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cells(size_layer) for _ in range(num_layers)]),\n",
    "                attention_mechanism = attention_mechanism,\n",
    "                attention_layer_size = size_layer)\n",
    "            decoder_cells = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([luong_cells, bahdanau_cells])\n",
    "            \n",
    "            training_helper = tf.contrib.seq2seq.ScheduledEmbeddingTrainingHelper(\n",
    "            inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(decoder_embeddings, decoder_input),\n",
    "                sequence_length = self.Y_seq_len,\n",
    "                embedding = decoder_embeddings,\n",
    "                sampling_probability = 1 - force_teaching_ratio,\n",
    "                time_major = False)\n",
    "            training_decoder = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BasicDecoder(\n",
    "                cell = decoder_cells,\n",
    "                helper = training_helper,\n",
    "                initial_state = decoder_cells.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32),\n",
    "                output_layer = dense)\n",
    "            training_decoder_output, _, _ = tf.contrib.seq2seq.dynamic_decode(\n",
    "                decoder = training_decoder,\n",
    "                impute_finished = True,\n",
    "                maximum_iterations = tf.reduce_max(self.Y_seq_len))\n",
    "            self.training_logits = training_decoder_output.rnn_output\n",
    "            \n",
    "        with tf.variable_scope('decode', reuse=True):\n",
    "            encoder_out_tiled = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(self.encoder_out, beam_width)\n",
    "            encoder_state_tiled = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(encoder_state, beam_width)\n",
    "            X_seq_len_tiled = tf.contrib.seq2seq.tile_batch(self.X_seq_len, beam_width)\n",
    "            attention_mechanism = tf.contrib.seq2seq.LuongAttention(\n",
    "                num_units = size_layer, \n",
    "                memory = encoder_out_tiled,\n",
    "                memory_sequence_length = X_seq_len_tiled)\n",
    "            luong_cells = tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapper(\n",
    "                cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cells(size_layer,reuse=True) for _ in range(num_layers)]),\n",
    "                attention_mechanism = attention_mechanism,\n",
    "                attention_layer_size = size_layer)\n",
    "            attention_mechanism = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BahdanauAttention(\n",
    "                num_units = size_layer, \n",
    "                memory = encoder_out_tiled,\n",
    "                memory_sequence_length = X_seq_len_tiled)\n",
    "            bahdanau_cells = tf.contrib.seq2seq.AttentionWrapper(\n",
    "                cell = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([cells(size_layer,reuse=True) for _ in range(num_layers)]),\n",
    "                attention_mechanism = attention_mechanism,\n",
    "                attention_layer_size = size_layer)\n",
    "            decoder_cells = tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell([luong_cells, bahdanau_cells])\n",
    "            predicting_decoder = tf.contrib.seq2seq.BeamSearchDecoder(\n",
    "                cell = decoder_cells,\n",
    "                embedding = decoder_embeddings,\n",
    "                start_tokens = tf.tile(tf.constant([GO], dtype=tf.int32), [batch_size]),\n",
    "                end_token = EOS,\n",
    "                initial_state = decoder_cells.zero_state(batch_size * beam_width, tf.float32),\n",
    "                beam_width = beam_width,\n",
    "                output_layer = dense,\n",
    "                length_penalty_weight = 0.0)\n",
    "            predicting_decoder_output, _, _ = tf.contrib.seq2seq.dynamic_decode(\n",
    "                decoder = predicting_decoder,\n",
    "                impute_finished = False,\n",
    "                maximum_iterations = tf.reduce_max(self.X_seq_len))\n",
    "            self.predicting_ids = predicting_decoder_output.predicted_ids[:, :, 0]\n",
    "        \n",
    "        masks = tf.sequence_mask(self.Y_seq_len, tf.reduce_max(self.Y_seq_len), dtype=tf.float32)\n",
    "        self.cost = tf.contrib.seq2seq.sequence_loss(logits = self.training_logits,\n",
    "                                                     targets = self.Y,\n",
    "                                                     weights = masks)\n",
    "        self.optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(self.cost)\n",
    "        y_t = tf.argmax(self.training_logits,axis=2)\n",
    "        y_t = tf.cast(y_t, tf.int32)\n",
    "        self.prediction = tf.boolean_mask(y_t, masks)\n",
    "        mask_label = tf.boolean_mask(self.Y, masks)\n",
    "        correct_pred = tf.equal(self.prediction, mask_label)\n",
    "        correct_index = tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32)\n",
    "        self.accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "size_layer = 512\n",
    "num_layers = 2\n",
    "embedded_size = 256\n",
    "learning_rate = 1e-3\n",
    "batch_size = 96\n",
    "epoch = 20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py:1735: UserWarning: An interactive session is already active. This can cause out-of-memory errors in some cases. You must explicitly call `InteractiveSession.close()` to release resources held by the other session(s).\n",
      "  warnings.warn('An interactive session is already active. This can '\n",
      "W0904 11:49:43.296142 139884096272192 deprecation.py:323] From <ipython-input-13-ec5d463691f2>:43: MultiRNNCell.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.rnn_cell_impl) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.\n",
      "Instructions for updating:\n",
      "This class is equivalent as tf.keras.layers.StackedRNNCells, and will be replaced by that in Tensorflow 2.0.\n",
      "W0904 11:49:44.295804 139884096272192 deprecation.py:323] From /home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/contrib/seq2seq/python/ops/helper.py:107: multinomial (from tensorflow.python.ops.random_ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.\n",
      "Instructions for updating:\n",
      "Use `tf.random.categorical` instead.\n",
      "W0904 11:49:45.381921 139884096272192 deprecation.py:323] From /home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/contrib/seq2seq/python/ops/beam_search_decoder.py:985: to_int64 (from tensorflow.python.ops.math_ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.\n",
      "Instructions for updating:\n",
      "Use `tf.cast` instead.\n",
      "/home/husein/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gradients_util.py:93: UserWarning: Converting sparse IndexedSlices to a dense Tensor of unknown shape. This may consume a large amount of memory.\n",
      "  \"Converting sparse IndexedSlices to a dense Tensor of unknown shape. \"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tf.reset_default_graph()\n",
    "sess = tf.InteractiveSession()\n",
    "model = Translator(size_layer, num_layers, embedded_size, len(dictionary_from), \n",
    "                len(dictionary_to), learning_rate)\n",
    "sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def str_idx(corpus, dic):\n",
    "    X = []\n",
    "    for i in corpus:\n",
    "        ints = []\n",
    "        for k in i.split():\n",
    "            ints.append(dic.get(k,UNK))\n",
    "        X.append(ints)\n",
    "    return X\n",
    "\n",
    "def pad_sentence_batch(sentence_batch, pad_int):\n",
    "    padded_seqs = []\n",
    "    seq_lens = []\n",
    "    max_sentence_len = max([len(sentence) for sentence in sentence_batch])\n",
    "    for sentence in sentence_batch:\n",
    "        padded_seqs.append(sentence + [pad_int] * (max_sentence_len - len(sentence)))\n",
    "        seq_lens.append(len(sentence))\n",
    "    return padded_seqs, seq_lens"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "train_X = str_idx(train_X, dictionary_from)\n",
    "test_X = str_idx(test_X, dictionary_from)\n",
    "train_Y = str_idx(train_Y, dictionary_to)\n",
    "test_Y = str_idx(test_Y, dictionary_to)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "minibatch loop:  17%|█▋        | 238/1389 [04:51<20:39,  1.08s/it, accuracy=0.1, cost=6.17]   "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import tqdm\n",
    "\n",
    "for e in range(epoch):\n",
    "    pbar = tqdm.tqdm(\n",
    "        range(0, len(train_X), batch_size), desc = 'minibatch loop')\n",
    "    train_loss, train_acc, test_loss, test_acc = [], [], [], []\n",
    "    for i in pbar:\n",
    "        index = min(i + batch_size, len(train_X))\n",
    "        maxlen = max([len(s) for s in train_X[i : index] + train_Y[i : index]])\n",
    "        batch_x, seq_x = pad_sentence_batch(train_X[i : index], PAD)\n",
    "        batch_y, seq_y = pad_sentence_batch(train_Y[i : index], PAD)\n",
    "        feed = {model.X: batch_x,\n",
    "                model.Y: batch_y}\n",
    "        accuracy, loss, _ = sess.run([model.accuracy,model.cost,model.optimizer],\n",
    "                                    feed_dict = feed)\n",
    "        train_loss.append(loss)\n",
    "        train_acc.append(accuracy)\n",
    "        pbar.set_postfix(cost = loss, accuracy = accuracy)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "    pbar = tqdm.tqdm(\n",
    "        range(0, len(test_X), batch_size), desc = 'minibatch loop')\n",
    "    for i in pbar:\n",
    "        index = min(i + batch_size, len(test_X))\n",
    "        batch_x, seq_x = pad_sentence_batch(test_X[i : index], PAD)\n",
    "        batch_y, seq_y = pad_sentence_batch(test_Y[i : index], PAD)\n",
    "        feed = {model.X: batch_x,\n",
    "                model.Y: batch_y,}\n",
    "        accuracy, loss = sess.run([model.accuracy,model.cost],\n",
    "                                    feed_dict = feed)\n",
    "\n",
    "        test_loss.append(loss)\n",
    "        test_acc.append(accuracy)\n",
    "        pbar.set_postfix(cost = loss, accuracy = accuracy)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    print('epoch %d, training avg loss %f, training avg acc %f'%(e+1,\n",
    "                                                                 np.mean(train_loss),np.mean(train_acc)))\n",
    "    print('epoch %d, testing avg loss %f, testing avg acc %f'%(e+1,\n",
    "                                                              np.mean(test_loss),np.mean(test_acc)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rev_dictionary_to = {int(k): v for k, v in rev_dictionary_to.items()}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "test_size = 20\n",
    "\n",
    "batch_x, seq_x = pad_sentence_batch(test_X[: test_size], PAD)\n",
    "batch_y, seq_y = pad_sentence_batch(test_Y[: test_size], PAD)\n",
    "feed = {model.X: batch_x}\n",
    "logits = sess.run(model.predicting_ids, feed_dict = feed)\n",
    "logits.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rejected = ['PAD', 'EOS', 'UNK', 'GO']\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(test_size):\n",
    "    predict = [rev_dictionary_to[i] for i in logits[i] if rev_dictionary_to[i] not in rejected]\n",
    "    actual = [rev_dictionary_to[i] for i in batch_y[i] if rev_dictionary_to[i] not in rejected]\n",
    "    print(i, 'predict:', ' '.join(predict))\n",
    "    print(i, 'actual:', ' '.join(actual))\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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