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A Brif History of UNIX

  • First implemented in 1969 by Ken Thompson. (Same year Linus Travalds born)
  • The name UNIX is a pun on MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
  • Initially it was written in assmbly. But later on was re-written in C

At one point UNIX had 2 main distribution, one is called BSD built by Ken along with his students, another one was System V(system five) built by AT&T.

A Brif History of Linux

The GNU Project

In 1984 Richard Staleman set to work on creating a free UNIX implementation. At that time existing UNIX like OS (BSD and System V) was not freely available. In response to that, he started a new project to create a free UNIX like system. The project was named GNU (GNU's not UNIX). Some important GNU project outcomes are GCC, emacs editor and bash. By the early 1990 GNU had produced a system that is virtually complete, except a working kernel.

The Linux Kernel∏

In 1991 Linus Torvalds a Finnish student was inspired to write an operatiog system for his intel 80386. He was using Minux a small UNIX like operation system for his academic purpose. But that OS was not able to run all the softwares.

Standarization

By late 1980's there were a wide variety of available UNIX implementations. Everybody was implementing things in their way. So it was essential to set a standard.

POSIX

POSIX stands for Portable Operation System Interface. It has a trailing X because most UNIX varients end in X. POSIX.1 became IEEE standard in 1988. It defines a set of APIs. POSIX.1 is based on UNIX system calls and C library function API.