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Network Working Group A. Dulaunoy
Internet-Draft A. Iklody
Intended status: Informational CIRCL
Expires: October 12, 2018 April 10, 2018
MISP object template format
draft-dulaunoy-misp-object-template-format
Abstract
This document describes the MISP object template format which
describes a simple JSON format to represent the various templates
used to construct MISP objects. A public directory of common
vocabularies MISP object templates [MISP-O] is available and relies
on the MISP object reference format.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 12, 2018.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1. Object Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2. attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.3. Sample Object Template object . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.4. Object Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1. Existing and public MISP object templates . . . . . . . . 10
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1. Introduction
Due to the increased maturity of threat information sharing, the need
arose for more complex and exhaustive data-points to be shared across
the various sharing communities. MISP's information sharing in
general relied on a flat structure of attributes contained within an
event, where attributes served as atomic secluded data-points with
some commonalities as defined by the encapsulating event. However,
this flat structure restricted the use of more diverse and complex
data-points described by a list of atomic values, a problem solved by
the MISP object structure.
MISP objects combine a list of attributes to represent a singular
object with various facets. In order to bootstrap the object
creation process and to maintain uniformity among objects describing
similar data-points, the MISP object template format serves as a
reusable and share-able blueprint format.
MISP object templates also include a vocabulary to describe the
various inter object and object to attribute relationships and are
leveraged by MISP object references.
1.1. Conventions and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
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2. Format
MISP object templates are composed of the MISP object template (MUST)
structure itself and a list of MISP object template elements (SHOULD)
describing the list of possible attributes belonging to the resulting
object, along with their context and settings.
MISP object templates themselves consist of a name (MUST), a meta-
category (MUST) and a description (SHOULD). They are identified by a
uuid (MUST) and a version (MUST). For any updates or transfer of the
same object reference. UUID version 4 is RECOMMENDED when assigning
it to a new object reference. The list of requirements when it comes
to the contained MISP object template elements is defined in the
requirements field (OPTIONAL).
MISP object template elements consist of an object_relation (MUST), a
type (MUST), an object_template_id (SHOULD), a ui_priority (SHOULD),
a list of categories (MAY), a list of sane_default values (MAY) or a
values_list (MAY).
2.1. Overview
The MISP object template format uses the JSON [RFC8259] format. Each
template is represented as a JSON object with meta information
including the following fields: uuid, requiredOneOf, description,
version, meta-category, name.
2.1.1. Object Template
2.1.1.1. uuid
uuid represents the Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) [RFC4122] of
the object template. The uuid MUST be preserved for to keep
consistency of the templates across instances. UUID version 4 is
RECOMMENDED when assigning it to a new object template.
uuid is represented as a JSON string. uuid MUST be present.
2.1.1.2. requiredOneOf
requiredOneOf is represented as a JSON list and contains a list of
attribute relationships of which one must be present in the object to
be created based on the given template. The requiredOneOf field MAY
be present.
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2.1.1.3. required
required is represented as a JSON list and contains a list of
attribute relationships of which all must be present in the object to
be created based on the given template. The required field MAY be
present.
2.1.1.4. description
description is represented as a JSON string and contains the assigned
meaning given to objects created using this template. The
description field MUST be present.
2.1.1.5. version
version represents a numeric incrementing version of the object
template. It is used to associate the object to the correct version
of the template and together with the uuid field forms an association
to the correct template type and version.
version is represented as a JSON string. version MUST be present.
2.1.1.6. meta-category
meta-category represents the sub-category of objects that the given
object template belongs to. meta-categories are not tied to a fixed
list of options but can be created on the fly.
meta-category is represented as a JSON string. meta-category MUST be
present.
2.1.1.7. name
name represents the human-readable name of the objects created using
the given template, describing the intent of the object package.
name is represented as a JSON string. name MUST be present
2.1.2. attributes
attributes is represented as a JSON list and contains a list of
template elements used as a template for creating the individual
attributes within the object that is to be created with the object.
attributes is represented as a JSON list. attributes MUST be present.
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2.1.2.1. description
description is represented as a JSON string and contains the
description of the given attribute in the context of the object with
the given relationship. The description field MUST be present.
2.1.2.2. ui-priority
ui-priority is represented by a numeric values in JSON string format
and is meant to provide a priority for the given element in the
object template visualisation. The ui-priority MAY be present.
2.1.2.3. misp-attribute
misp-attribute is represented by a JSON string or a JSON object with
a list of values. The value(s) are taken from the pool of types
defined by the MISP core format's Attribute Object's type list. type
can contain a JSON object with a list of suggested value alternatives
encapsulated in a list within a sane_default key or a list of
enforced value alternatives encapsulated in a list_values key.
The misp-attribute field MUST be present.
2.1.2.4. disable_correlation
disable_correlation is represented by a JSON boolean. The
disable_correlation field flags the attribute(s) created by the given
object template element to be marked as non correlating.
The misp-attribute field MAY be present.
2.1.2.5. categories
categories is represented by a JSON list containing one or several
valid options from the list of verbs valid for the category field in
the Attribute object within the MISP core format.
The categories field MAY be present.
2.1.2.6. multiple
multiple is represented by a JSON boolean value. It marks the MISP
object template element as a multiple input field, allowing for
several attributes to be created by the element within the same
object.
The multiple field MAY be present.
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2.1.2.7. sane_default
sane_default is represented by a JSON list containing one or several
recommended/sane values for an attribute. sane_default is mutually
exclusive with values_list.
The sane_default field MAY be present.
2.1.2.8. values_list
values_list is represented by a JSON List containing one or several
of fixed values for an attribute. values_list is mutually exclusive
with sane_default.
The value_list field MAY be present.
2.1.3. Sample Object Template object
The MISP object template directory is publicly available [MISP-O] in
a git repository and contains more than 60 object templates. As
illustration, two sample objects templates are included.
2.1.3.1. credit-card object template
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{
"requiredOneOf": [
"cc-number"
],
"attributes": {
"version": {
"description": "Version of the card.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"comment": {
"description": "A description of the card.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "comment"
},
"card-security-code": {
"description": "Card security code (CSC, CVD, CVV, CVC and SPC) as embossed or printed on the card.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"name": {
"description": "Name of the card owner.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"issued": {
"description": "Initial date of validity or issued date.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "datetime"
},
"expiration": {
"description": "Maximum date of validity",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "datetime"
},
"cc-number": {
"description": "credit-card number as encoded on the card.",
"ui-priority": 0,
"misp-attribute": "cc-number"
}
},
"version": 2,
"description": "A payment card like credit card, debit card or any similar cards which can be used for financial transactions.",
"meta-category": "financial",
"uuid": "2b9c57aa-daba-4330-a738-56f18743b0c7",
"name": "credit-card"
}
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2.1.3.2. credential object template
{
"requiredOneOf": [
"password"
],
"attributes": {
"text": {
"description": "A description of the credential(s)",
"disable_correlation": true,
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"username": {
"description": "Username related to the password(s)",
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"password": {
"description": "Password",
"multiple": true,
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text"
},
"type": {
"description": "Type of password(s)",
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text",
"values_list": [
"password",
"api-key",
"encryption-key",
"unknown"
]
},
"origin": {
"description": "Origin of the credential(s)",
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text",
"sane_default": [
"bruteforce-scanning",
"malware-analysis",
"memory-analysis",
"network-analysis",
"leak",
"unknown"
]
},
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"format": {
"description": "Format of the password(s)",
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text",
"values_list": [
"clear-text",
"hashed",
"encrypted",
"unknown"
]
},
"notification": {
"description": "Mention of any notification(s) towards the potential owner(s) of the credential(s)",
"ui-priority": 1,
"misp-attribute": "text",
"multiple": true,
"values_list": [
"victim-notified",
"service-notified",
"none"
]
}
},
"version": 2,
"description": "Credential describes one or more credential(s) including password(s), api key(s) or decryption key(s).",
"meta-category": "misc",
"uuid": "a27e98c9-9b0e-414c-8076-d201e039ca09",
"name": "credential"
}
2.1.4. Object Relationships
2.1.4.1. name
name represents the human-readable relationship type which can be
used when creating MISP object relations.
name is represented as a JSON string. name MUST be present.
2.1.4.2. description
description is represented as a JSON string and contains the
description of the object relationship type. The description field
MUST be present.
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2.1.4.3. format
format is represented by a JSON list containing a list of formats
that the relationship type is valid for and can be mapped to. The
format field MUST be present.
3. Directory
The MISP object template directory is publicly available [MISP-O] in
a git repository. The repository contains an objects directory,
which contains a directory per object type, containing a file named
definition.json which contains the definition of the object template
in the above described format.
A relationships directory is also included, containing a
definition.json file which contains a list of MISP object relation
definitions. There are more than 125 existing templates object
documented in [MISP-O-DOC].
3.1. Existing and public MISP object templates
o tsk-chats - An Object Template to gather information from
evidential or interesting exchange of messages identified during a
digital forensic investigation.
o tsk-web-bookmark - An Object Template to add evidential bookmarks
identified during a digital forensic investigation.
o tsk-web-cookie - An TSK-Autopsy Object Template to represent
cookies identified during a forensic investigation.
o tsk-web-downloads - An Object Template to add web-downloads.
o tsk-web-history - An Object Template to share web history
information.
o tsk-web-search-query - An Object Template to share web search
query information.
o ail-leak - An information leak as defined by the AIL Analysis
Information Leak framework.
o ais-info - Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS) Information Source
Markings.
o android-permission - A set of android permissions - one or more
permission(s) which can be linked to other objects (e.g. malware,
app).
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o annotation - An annotation object allowing analysts to add
annotations, comments, executive summary to a MISP event, objects
or attributes.
o anonymisation - Anonymisation object describing an anonymisation
technique used to encode MISP attribute values. Reference:
<https://www.caida.org/tools/taxonomy/anonymization.xml>.
o asn - Autonomous system object describing an autonomous system
which can include one or more network operators management an
entity (e.g. ISP) along with their routing policy, routing
prefixes or alike.
o authenticode-signerinfo - Authenticode Signer Info.
o av-signature - Antivirus detection signature.
o bank-account - An object describing bank account information based
on account description from goAML 4.0.
o bgp-hijack - Object encapsulating BGP Hijack description as
specified, for example, by bgpstream.com.
o cap-alert - Common Alerting Protocol Version (CAP) alert object.
o cap-info - Common Alerting Protocol Version (CAP) info object.
o cap-resource - Common Alerting Protocol Version (CAP) resource
object.
o coin-address - An address used in a cryptocurrency.
o cookie - An HTTP cookie (web cookie, browser cookie) is a small
piece of data that a server sends to the user's web browser. The
browser may store it and send it back with the next request to the
same server. Typically, it's used to tell if two requests came
from the same browser -- keeping a user logged-in, for example.
It remembers stateful information for the stateless HTTP protocol.
(as defined by the Mozilla foundation.
o cortex - Cortex object describing a complete cortex analysis.
Observables would be attribute with a relationship from this
object.
o cortex-taxonomy - Cortex object describing an Cortex Taxonomy (or
mini report).
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o course-of-action - An object describing a specific measure taken
to prevent or respond to an attack.
o cowrie - Cowrie honeypot object template.
o credential - Credential describes one or more credential(s)
including password(s), api key(s) or decryption key(s).
o credit-card - A payment card like credit card, debit card or any
similar cards which can be used for financial transactions.
o ddos - DDoS object describes a current DDoS activity from a
specific or/and to a specific target. Type of DDoS can be
attached to the object as a taxonomy.
o device - An object to define a device.
o diameter-attack - Attack as seen on diameter authentication
against a GSM, UMTS or LTE network.
o domain-ip - A domain and IP address seen as a tuple in a specific
time frame.
o elf - Object describing a Executable and Linkable Format.
o elf-section - Object describing a section of an Executable and
Linkable Format.
o email - Email object describing an email with meta-information.
o exploit-poc - Exploit-poc object describing a proof of concept or
exploit of a vulnerability. This object has often a relationship
with a vulnerability object.
o facial-composite - An object which describes a facial composite.
o fail2ban - Fail2ban event.
o file - File object describing a file with meta-information.
o forensic-case - An object template to describe a digital forensic
case.
o forensic-evidence - An object template to describe a digital
forensic evidence.
o geolocation - An object to describe a geographic location.
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o gtp-attack - GTP attack object as seen on a GSM, UMTS or LTE
network.
o http-request - A single HTTP request header.
o ilr-impact - Institut Luxembourgeois de Regulation - Impact.
o ilr-notification-incident - Institut Luxembourgeois de Regulation
- Notification d'incident.
o internal-reference - Internal reference.
o interpol-notice - An object which describes a Interpol notice.
o ip-api-address - IP Address information. Useful if you are
pulling your ip information from ip-api.com.
o ip-port - An IP address (or domain or hostname) and a port seen as
a tuple (or as a triple) in a specific time frame.
o irc - An IRC object to describe an IRC server and the associated
channels.
o ja3 - JA3 is a new technique for creating SSL client fingerprints
that are easy to produce and can be easily shared for threat
intelligence. Fingerprints are composed of Client Hello packet;
SSL Version, Accepted Ciphers, List of Extensions, Elliptic
Curves, and Elliptic Curve Formats.
<https://github.com/salesforce/ja3>.
o legal-entity - An object to describe a legal entity.
o lnk - LNK object describing a Windows LNK binary file (aka Windows
shortcut).
o macho - Object describing a file in Mach-O format.
o macho-section - Object describing a section of a file in Mach-O
format.
o mactime-timeline-analysis - Mactime template, used in forensic
investigations to describe the timeline of a file activity.
o malware-config - Malware configuration recovered or extracted from
a malicious binary.
o microblog - Microblog post like a Twitter tweet or a post on a
Facebook wall.
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o mutex - Object to describe mutual exclusion locks (mutex) as seen
in memory or computer program.
o netflow - Netflow object describes an network object based on the
Netflowv5/v9 minimal definition.
o network-connection - A local or remote network connection.
o network-socket - Network socket object describes a local or remote
network connections based on the socket data structure.
o misc - An object which describes an organization.
o original-imported-file - Object describing the original file used
to import data in MISP.
o passive-dns - Passive DNS records as expressed in draft-dulaunoy-
dnsop-passive-dns-cof-01.
o paste - Paste or similar post from a website allowing to share
privately or publicly posts.
o pcap-metadata - Network packet capture metadata.
o pe - Object describing a Portable Executable.
o pe-section - Object describing a section of a Portable Executable.
o person - An object which describes a person or an identity.
o phishing - Phishing template to describe a phishing website and
its analysis.
o phishing-kit - Object to describe a phishing-kit.
o phone - A phone or mobile phone object which describe a phone.
o process - Object describing a system process.
o python-etvx-event-log - Event log object template to share
information of the activities conducted on a system. .
o r2graphity - Indicators extracted from files using radare2 and
graphml.
o regexp - An object describing a regular expression (regex or
regexp). The object can be linked via a relationship to other
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attributes or objects to describe how it can be represented as a
regular expression.
o registry-key - Registry key object describing a Windows registry
key with value and last-modified timestamp.
o regripper-NTUser - Regripper Object template designed to present
user specific configuration details extracted from the NTUSER.dat
hive.
o regripper-sam-hive-single-user - Regripper Object template
designed to present user profile details extracted from the SAM
hive.
o regripper-sam-hive-user-group - Regripper Object template designed
to present group profile details extracted from the SAM hive.
o regripper-software-hive-BHO - Regripper Object template designed
to gather information of the browser helper objects installed on
the system.
o regripper-software-hive-appInit-DLLS - Regripper Object template
designed to gather information of the DLL files installed on the
system.
o regripper-software-hive-application-paths - Regripper Object
template designed to gather information of the application paths.
o regripper-software-hive-applications-installed - Regripper Object
template designed to gather information of the applications
installed on the system.
o regripper-software-hive-command-shell - Regripper Object template
designed to gather information of the shell commands executed on
the system.
o regripper-software-hive-windows-general-info - Regripper Object
template designed to gather general windows information extracted
from the software-hive.
o regripper-software-hive-software-run - Regripper Object template
designed to gather information of the applications set to run on
the system.
o regripper-software-hive-userprofile-winlogon - Regripper Object
template designed to gather user profile information when the user
logs onto the system, gathered from the software hive.
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o regripper-system-hive-firewall-configuration - Regripper Object
template designed to present firewall configuration information
extracted from the system-hive.
o regripper-system-hive-general-configuration - Regripper Object
template designed to present general system properties extracted
from the system-hive.
o regripper-system-hive-network-information. - Regripper object
template designed to gather network information from the system-
hive.
o regripper-system-hive-services-drivers - Regripper Object template
designed to gather information regarding the services/drivers from
the system-hive.
o report - Metadata used to generate an executive level report.
o research-scanner - Information related to known scanning activity
(e.g. from research projects).
o rogue-dns - Rogue DNS as defined by CERT.br.
o rtir - RTIR - Request Tracker for Incident Response.
o sandbox-report - Sandbox report.
o sb-signature - Sandbox detection signature.
o script - Object describing a computer program written to be run in
a special run-time environment. The script or shell script can be
used for malicious activities but also as support tools for threat
analysts.
o shell-commands - Object describing a series of shell commands
executed. This object can be linked with malicious files in order
to describe a specific execution of shell commands.
o short-message-service - Short Message Service (SMS) object
template describing one or more SMS message. Restriction of the
initial format 3GPP 23.038 GSM character set doesn't apply.
o shortened-link - Shortened link and its redirect target.
o splunk - Splunk / Splunk ES object.
o ss7-attack - SS7 object of an attack seen on a GSM, UMTS or LTE
network via SS7 logging.
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o ssh-authorized-keys - An object to store ssh authorized keys file.
o stix2-pattern - An object describing a STIX pattern. The object
can be linked via a relationship to other attributes or objects to
describe how it can be represented as a STIX pattern.
o suricata - An object describing one or more Suricata rule(s) along
with version and contextual information.
o target-system - Description about an targeted system, this could
potentially be a compromissed internal system.
o threatgrid-report - ThreatGrid report.
o timecode - Timecode object to describe a start of video sequence
(e.g. CCTV evidence) and the end of the video sequence.
o timesketch-timeline - A timesketch timeline object based on
mandatory field in timesketch to describe a log entry.
o timesketch_message - A timesketch message entry.
o timestamp - A generic timestamp object to represent time including
first time and last time seen. Relationship will then define the
kind of time relationship.
o tor-hiddenservice - Tor hidden service (onion service) object.
o tor-node - Tor node (which protects your privacy on the internet
by hiding the connection between users Internet address and the
services used by the users) description which are part of the Tor
network at a time.
o tracking-id - Analytics and tracking ID such as used in Google
Analytics or other analytic platform.
o transaction - An object to describe a financial transaction.
o url - url object describes an url along with its normalized field
(like extracted using faup parsing library) and its metadata.
o vehicle - Vehicle object template to describe a vehicle
information and registration.
o victim - Victim object describes the target of an attack or abuse.
o virustotal-report - VirusTotal report.
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o vulnerability - Vulnerability object describing a common
vulnerability enumeration which can describe published,
unpublished, under review or embargo vulnerability for software,
equipments or hardware.
o whois - Whois records information for a domain name or an IP
address.
o x509 - x509 object describing a X.509 certificate.
o yabin - yabin.py generates Yara rules from function prologs, for
matching and hunting binaries. ref: <https://github.com/
AlienVault-OTX/yabin>.
o yara - An object describing a YARA rule along with its version.
4. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank all the MISP community who are supporting
the creation of open standards in threat intelligence sharing.
5. References
5.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4122] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.
[RFC8259] Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.
5.2. Informative References
[MISP-O] MISP, "MISP Objects - shared and common object templates",
<https://github.com/MISP/misp-objects>.