Sylvia contract creation

Author: jawoznia

src/pages/tutorial/_meta.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
   "setup-environment": "Environment setup",
-  "cw-contract": "CosmWasm Contract"
+  "cw-contract": "CosmWasm Contract",
+  "sylvia-contract": "Sylvia Contract"
 }

src/pages/tutorial/setup-environment.mdx

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ passes:
 cosmwasm-check ../../target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/
 ```
 
-```shell
+```shell filename="TERMINAL"
 cw-plus/contracts/cw1-whitelist $ cosmwasm-check
 ../../target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/cw1_whitelist.wasm Available capabilities: {"iterator",
 "cosmwasm_1_1", "cosmwasm_1_2", "stargate", "staking"}
@@ -91,3 +91,15 @@ cw-plus/contracts/cw1-whitelist $ cosmwasm-check
 
 All contracts (1) passed checks!
 ```
+
+## Macro expansion
+
+In VSCode you can hower over a macro like [`#[contract]`](../sylvia/macros/contract), do `shift+p`
+and then type: `rust analyzer: Expand macro recursively`. This will open a window with a fully
+expanded macro, which you can browse. In Vim you can consider installing the
+[rustaceanvim](https://github.com/mrcjkb/rustaceanvim) plugin. You can also use `cargo expand` tool
+from CLI, like this:
+
+```shell copy filename="TERMINAL"
+cargo expand --lib
+```

src/pages/tutorial/sylvia-contract.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Sylvia contract writting tutorial
+
+This section is a step-by-step guide on how to write a Sylvia contract.

src/pages/tutorial/sylvia-contract/_meta.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "contract-creation": "Contract creation"
+}

src/pages/tutorial/sylvia-contract/contract-creation.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+tags: ["tutorial", "sylvia"]
+---
+
+import { Callout } from "nextra/components";
+
+# Create a Rust project
+
+The easiest and recommended way to start working on a new [Sylvia](https://crates.io/crates/sylvia)
+contract is to generate it from the
+[`sylvia-template`](https://github.com/CosmWasm/sylvia-template).
+
+```shell copy filename="TERMINAL"
+cargo generate CosmWasm/sylvia-template
+```
+
+The [`sylvia-template`](https://github.com/CosmWasm/sylvia-template) will generate a lot of code for
+you. Because this tutorial aims to guide you step-by-step through the process of creating your first
+contract we will omit the use of the template and show you how to create it from the start.
+
+## New project
+
+Smart contracts are Rust library crates. We will start with creating one:
+
+```shell copy filename="TERMINAL"
+cargo new --lib ./contract
+```
+
+You created a simple Rust library, but it is not yet ready to be a smart contract. The first thing
+to do is to update the `Cargo.toml` file:
+
+```toml copy filename="Cargo.toml"
+[package]
+name = "contract"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+sylvia = "1.3.1"
+```
+
+<Callout>
+  Notice lack of `cosmwasm-std` dependency. Sylvia reexports it as well as other necessary crates
+  for CosmWasm smart contracts. You can find list of reexported crates in the
+  [documentation](https://docs.rs/sylvia/latest/sylvia/#reexports).
+</Callout>
+
+As you can see, I added a `crate-type` field for the library section. Generating the
+[`cdylib`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/linkage.html) is required to create a proper web
+assembly binary. The downside of this is that such a library cannot be used as a dependency for
+other Rust crates - for now, it is not needed, but later we will show how to approach reusing
+contracts as dependencies.
+
+Additionally, we added some core dependencies for smart contracts:
+
+- [cosmwasm-std](https://docs.rs/cosmwasm-std/latest/cosmwasm_std/) - Crate that is a standard
+  library for smart contracts. It provides essential utilities for communication with the outside
+  world, helper functions, and types. Every smart contract we will build will use this dependency.
+- [sylvia](https://docs.rs/sylvia/latest/sylvia/) - Crate, we will learn in this book. It provides
+  us with three procedural macros: `entry_points`, `contract` and `interface`. I will expand on them
+  later in the book.
+- [schemars](https://docs.rs/schemars/latest/schemars/index.html) - Crate used to create JSON schema
+  documents for our contracts. It is automatically derived on types generated by ^sylvia and will be
+  later used to provide concise API for blockchain users, who might not be Rust developers.
+- [cosmwasm-schema](https://docs.rs/cosmwasm-schema/latest/cosmwasm_schema/) - Similar to
+  `schemars`. This crate expands on `schemars` and provides us with trait
+  [`QueryResponses`](https://docs.rs/cosmwasm-schema/latest/cosmwasm_schema/trait.QueryResponses.html)
+  which ties query variants to their responses. I will expand on that later in the book.
+- [serde](https://docs.rs/serde/latest/serde/) - Framework for serializing and deserializing Rust
+  data structures efficiently and generically.