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OpenBSD

Autoinstall

OpenBSD

Agenda

  • what is it?
  • why anyone would use it?
  • deploy a basic rig
  • demonstrate a complicated rig

What is it?

autoinstall(8) is an install method that was added in OpenBSD 5.5.

The text-based installation procedure can be fully automated through the use of a preseeded configuration file containing answers to the questions.

Why would you use it?

There are plenty of reasons why someone would want to use this feature, including but not limited to:

  1. elastic environments
  2. basis for a hosting product
  3. easier installation on isolated/remote computers
  4. easier regression testing
  5. it is cool

What does it look like?

Everything one needs to get going is already installed under OpenBSD. There is no need to install any packages. The core components of an autoinstall rig are:

  • [dhcp server]
    • responds to dhcp requests from netboot/pxe clients
    • returns next-server and filename to pxe client, telling it what to grab next
  • [tftp server]
    • serves /bsd.rd kernel
    • serves /pxeboot (as /auto_install)
  • [web server]
    • serves installation sets (like you would see in a public mirror)

Overview of steps

For a high level overview, here are the things we will do in this tutorial:

  • configure dhcpd
  • configure tftpd
  • configure a webserver
  • synchronize openbsd installation media into the webroot
  • build an install.conf file

Configuring DHCPD: Part 1

I run dhcpd from my router, however, it can be run from anywhere as long as you have control of the broadcast domain. Add a stanza similar to this into your /etc/dhcpd.conf:

# grep cobug /etc/dhcpd.conf subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # cobug example range 192.168.10.150 192.168.10.250; # cobug example option routers 192.168.10.1; # cobug example next-server 192.168.10.1; # cobug example filename "auto_install"; # cobug example } # cobug example

Configuring DHCPD: Part 2

Make sure it runs on boot

# grep 'dhcpd_flags' /etc/rc.conf.local || \ echo 'dhcpd_flags=""' >> /etc/rc.conf.local

start dhcpd

# /etc/rc.d/dhcpd restart dhcpd(ok) dhcpd(ok)

Configuring tftpd: Part 1

We will point tftpd to use the webroot instead of the default. We want to do this because we will also be serving out the install media from there, which already contains the pxeboot and bsd.rd files we need.

Also because it lets us keep all the autoinstall files together in one place.

Configuring tftpd: Part 2

enable it on boot and point it to the webroot:

# grep 'tftpd_flags' /etc/rc.conf.local || \ echo 'tftpd_flags="/var/www/htdocs/"' >> /etc/rc.conf.local

start it

# /etc/rc.d/tftpd restart tftpd(ok) tftpd(ok)

Configuring the webserver: Part 1

Bandwidth is not free, so we will start a webserver and use it to serve the installation media we download. We will be making use of the webserver in the latter half of this presentation.

Configuring the webserver: Part 2

enable it on boot

# grep 'nginx_flags=""' /etc/rc.conf.local || \ echo 'nginx_flags=""' >> rc.conf.local

start it now

# /etc/rc.d/nginx start nginx(ok)

Getting the installation media: Part 1

You need to download all of the files you see in a url like http://ftp.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.5/amd64/ (assuming you're installing amd64)

OpenBSD does not come with wget, but it does come with an http-compatible ftp binary, which we will use like so:

# URL=http://ftp.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.5/amd64/ # mkdir -p /var/www/htdocs/5.5/ # cd /var/www/htdocs/5.5 # ftp -Vio- ${URL}/SHA256 | \ sed -e 's/(//g;s/)//g' | \ awk '{print $2}' | \ while read L; do ftp ${URL}/${L}; done # ftp ${URL}/SHA256{,.sig}

Getting the installation media: Part 2

Now that you have the installation media, symlink the pxeboot file in 5.5/ to a file called auto_install

# pwd /var/www/htdocs # ln -s 5.5/pxeboot ./auto_install # ls -l total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root daemon 1024 May 27 16:41 5.5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root daemon 11 May 27 16:48 auto_install -> 5.5/pxeboot

We named it auto_install for two reasons:

  • we set filename "auto_install"; in the dhcpd.conf
  • we wish to install, not upgrade or boot to the interactive installer. By naming it auto_install the installer knows it must initiate the autoinstall process (as opposed to the autoupgrade or interactive installer)

Getting the installation media: part 3

Now finally, set the bsd kernel in the tftp/web root so we can actually boot it:

# pwd /var/www/htdocs # ln -s 5.5/bsd.rd bsd # ls -l total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root daemon 1024 May 27 16:41 5.5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root daemon 10 May 27 16:58 bsd -> 5.5/bsd.rd lrwxr-xr-x 1 root daemon 11 May 27 16:48 auto_install -> 5.5/pxeboot

Building an install.conf: Part 1

Now that everything is coming together, we have one last step to do: build an openbsd install.conf file.

As you probably know, installing openbsd involves answering a series of questions - most of which you go with the default on. However, in some cases they are not sufficient (root password comes to mind).

In the event that you would like to change any of the default answers, you simply create an install.conf in your tftp root with answers to the questions asked by the installer.

Building an install.conf: Part 2

Example install.conf

system hostname = unconfigured
password for root account = hunter2
network interfaces = em0
IPv4 address for em0 = dhcp
Location of sets? = http
server? = 192.168.10.1
server directory? = 5.5/

Building an install.conf: Part 3

Make sure this install.conf file is in the webroot - it has to be available at:

http://<next-server>/install.conf

In my lab, the setup looks something like this:

# pwd /var/www/htdocs # ls -l total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root daemon 1024 May 27 16:41 5.5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root daemon 11 May 27 16:59 auto_install -> 5.5/pxeboot lrwxr-xr-x 1 root daemon 10 May 27 16:58 bsd -> 5.5/bsd.rd -rw-r--r-- 1 root daemon 365 May 27 17:41 install.conf

Building an install.conf: Part 3 (cont'd)

# cat install.conf system hostname = unconfigured password for root account = hunter2 Do you expect to run the X Window System? = yes Change the default console to com0? = yes What timezone are you in? = US/Mountain Location of sets? = http server? = 192.168.10.1 server directory? = 5.5/

Example build

and basic autoinstall

Screencast of install

How could we

build on this?

  • use site${release}.tgz to bootstrap your favorite software (CF Management comes to mind)
  • monitor multicast responses in order to bootstrap new clients
  • write an API-driven, dynamic install.conf generator (so that all install-answers are custom on a per-client/MAC basis)

Complicated example

In my lab, I have a similar setup to the one demonstrated earlier , however, I use httpd, cgi-perl, mod_rewrite and sqlite3 to serve different install.confs that are built dynamically. This enables me to create and configure openbsd systems with a single command.

Complicated Example (part 2)

Suppose I wanted to create a new VM called hobosandwiches with a different site.tgz, and root key from the rest of my environment.

  • run shellscript with arguments defining the pieces of the virtual machine
# ./create_vm.sh --name hobosandwiches \ --sitefile ./sitefiles/hobos_site.tgz \ --rootkey "$(cat keys/hobo.pub)"

Complicated Example (part 3)

  • When this script executes, it will run a SQL INSERT into a sqlite database, like so
INSERT INTO vms (name,sitefile,rootkey) 
  VALUES(
    'hobosandwiches',
    './sitefiles/hobos_site.tgz',
    'ssh-rsafooooooooooooooooooooooo');

Complicated Example (part 4)

  • Then, the script will go to a chosen hypervisor and actually create the VM.

  • During the VM creation phase, a child will fork off and watch the output for the moment a MAC address is assigned

  • When the MAC address is assigned, it is saved and the record we just added to the DB is updated

    UPDATE vms SET mac='mac address' WHERE name='hobosandwiches';

Complicated Example (part 5)

  • In the meantime, the VM is created and boots

  • When the VM boots, it checks http://next-server/MACaddress-install.conf

  • apache is configured to rewrite that URL to install.conf?mac=<mac>

    RewriteRule ^/?(.*)-install.conf$ /install.conf?mac=$1 [L]

  • Apache is also configured to serve install.conf as a perl script

    AddHandler cgi-script .conf

Complicated example (part 6)

Finally, when install.sh runs on the client and looks for http://next-server/MACaddress-install.conf, a customized response is delivered.

Questions / Comments

Flames / Presents / Cakes