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jep-015-string-slices.md

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String Slices
JEP 15
Author Maxime Labelle
Created 24-July-2022
SemVer MINOR
Status accepted

Abstract

The original JEP-5 introduced slice-expression in the grammar to slice specific portions of an array. While the syntax was specifically designed to operate on arrays, the syntactic grammar allows it after any expression.

This JEP introduces changes to allow slice-expression to operate on string types and act like a more powerful substring() function.

Motivation

String manipulation functions are a frequently requested feature to be added to JMESPath. While introducing a whole host of string manipulation functions will certainly be proposed at some point, slicing strings is an easy extension to JMESPath that does not require any grammar change and is fully backwards compatible.

Slices

This section outline word changes to the Slices documentation of the grammar in bold.

slice-expression = [number] ":" [number] [ ":" [number] ]

A slice expression allows you to select a subset of an array or string. A slice has a start, stop, and step value. The general form of a slice is [start:stop:step], but each component is optional and can be omitted.

Slices in JMESPath have the same semantics as python slices. If you're familiar with python slices, you're familiar with JMESPath slices.

Given a start, stop, and step value, the sub elements in an array or characters in a string are extracted as follows:

  • The first element in the extracted array or first character in the extracted string is the index denoted by start.
  • The last element in the extracted array or last character in the extracted string is the index denoted by end - 1.
  • The step value determines how many indices to skip after each element is selected from the array or each character is selected from the string. The default step value of 1 will not skip any indices and will return a contiguous subset of the original array or a substring of the original string. A step value greater than 1 will skip indices while extracting elements from an array or characters from a string. For instance, a step value of 2 will skip every other element or character. Negative step values start from the end of the array or string and extract elements or characters in reverse order.

Slice expressions adhere to the following rules:

  • If a negative start position is given, it is calculated as the total length of the array or string plus the given start position.
  • If no start position is given, it is assumed to be 0 if the given step is greater than 0 or the end of the array or string if the given step is less than 0.
  • If a negative stop position is given, it is calculated as the total length of the array or string plus the given stop position.
  • If no stop position is given, it is assumed to be the length of the array or string if the given step is greater than 0 or 0 if the given step is less than 0.
  • If the given step is omitted, it it assumed to be 1.
  • If the given step is 0, an error MUST be raised.
  • If the object being sliced is not an array or string, the result is null.
  • If the object being sliced is an array or string and yields no results, the result MUST be an empty array or empty string.

Examples

Slicing operates on a strings exactly as if a string were thought of as an array of characters.

  • search( foo[0:4], {"foo": "hello, world!" } -> "hell"
  • search( [::], 'raw-string') -> "raw-string"
  • search( [::2], 'raw-string') -> "rwsrn"
  • search( [::-1], 'raw-string') -> "gnirts-war"

Compliance tests

A new string_slices.json file will be added to the compliance test suite.

History

N/A