SSD Endurance

Estimated SSD wear out, endurance table

working model can be found here https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mNUYRWeJUaijEZXupwP5k6IuATZGj1FB/edit#gid=1268465441

overview of SSD endurance testing from JEDEC industry standard here https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D_0.pdf

Vendor	Model	Form Factor	$ASP	User Capacity (GB):	Raw Capacity (GiB)	endurance best case (TBW)	Spec sheet rated TBW	GiB/min	days to wear out (worst case)	days to wear out (WAF=1)	plots worse case (TiB)	plots best (TiB)	$/TiB plot worst	$/TiB plotted best
Toshiba	PX04SVQ	2.5in SAS	$380.00	1600	2200	23622	8760	0.1	857	2315	121	326	$3.15	$1.17
Inland	Inland Premium 1TB SSD	M.2	$125.00	1024	1024	7697	1600	0.1657	95	455	22	106	$5.67	$1.18
Micron	9300	U.2	$768	3840	4096	43980	8400	0.14	560	3078	110	606	$6.97	$1.27
Intel	P4610	U.2	$300	1600	2112	22677	10613	0.14	661	1587	130	313	$2.30	$0.96
Samsung	PM1725b	U.2 & AIC	$267	1600	2048	21990	8760	0.14	616	1539	121	303	$2.20	$0.88
Samsung	PM983	U.2 and M.2	$173	960	1045	7854	1366.56	0.14	98	550	19	108	$8.94	$1.60
Intel	P4510	U.2	$400	2000	2112	11339	2054	0.14	176	794	35	156	$11.52	$2.56
WD	SN750	M.2	$60.00	500	512	1649	300	0.1	29	162	4	23	$14.52	$2.64
WD	SN750	M.2	$120.00	1000	1024	3299	600	0.1	59	323	8	45	$14.52	$2.64
Seagate	Nitro 1551	2.5in SATA	255	960	1250	6711	2390	0.1	219	658	31	92	$8.27	$2.76
Samsung	970 Evo	M.2	$164	1024	1024	3299	600	0.14	46	231	9	45	$18.02	$3.60
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	$2,063	750	750	40265	41000	0.14	2818	2818	555	555	$3.72	$3.72
Samsung	970 Pro	M.2	$307	1024	1024	5498	1200	0.14	77	385	15	76	$20.28	$4.06
Intel	905p	U.2 and M.2	$1,152	960	960	20616	17520	0.14	1443	1443	284	284	$4.06	$4.06
Intel	665p	M.2	$102	1024	1024	1649	300	0.08	40	202	5	23	$22.53	$4.51
Intel	660p	M.2	$123	1024	1024	1100	200	0.08	27	135	3	15	$40.55	$8.11

estimated GiB per minute based off class of drives for drives that have yet to be tested, for the drives in the wiki I have added the measured numbers.

Math

• NAND P/E Cycles = amount of program / erase cycles NAND can do before wearing out. NAND programs (writes) in pages and erases in blocks (contains many pages)
• Wearing out - SSD no longer meeting UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention (keeping data safe while powered off), failure rate, or user capacity
• UBER = number of data errors / number of bits read
• WAF (Write Amplification Factor) = NAND writes / host writes
• TBW or PBW – amount of host writes to SSD before wearing out
• TBW = drive capacity * cycles / WAF
• DWPD (drive writes per day): amount of data you can write to device each day of the warranty (typically 5 years) without wearing out
• DWPD = TBW/365/5/drive capacity

Monitor Endurance in Linux

NVMe

https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli

https://nvmexpress.org/open-source-nvme-management-utility-nvme-command-line-interface-nvme-cli/

Reading endurance with NVMe-CLI - this is the gas gauge that shows total endurance used

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep percentage_used

Reading amount of writes that the drive have actually done

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep data_units_written

Bytes written = output * 1000 * 512B

TBW = output * 1000 * 512B / (1000^4) or (1024^4)

To find out NAND writes, you will have use the vendor plugins for NVMe-CLI.

sudo nvme <vendor name> help

Example with an Intel SSD

sudo nvme intel smart-log-add /dev/nvme0

SATA

In SATA you can use the following commands

sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -x /dev/sda | grep Logical

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

looking for Media_Wearout_Indicator

note this does also work for NVMe for basic SMART health info

sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0

SAS

sg_logs /dev/sg1 --page=0x11

look for

Percentage used endurance indicator: 0%

Adding new models

Please add your model string below if you want me to put it into my calculator and add to the list!