diff --git a/EpiAware/src/EpiAware.jl b/EpiAware/src/EpiAware.jl
index 35a5e7eec..29f9d2e03 100644
--- a/EpiAware/src/EpiAware.jl
+++ b/EpiAware/src/EpiAware.jl
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ using Distributions,
       DataFramesMeta
 
 # Exported utilities
-export create_discrete_pmf, spread_draws
+export create_discrete_pmf, spread_draws, scan
 
 # Exported types
-export EpiData, Renewal, ExpGrowthRate, DirectInfections
+export EpiData, Renewal, ExpGrowthRate, DirectInfections, AbstractEpiModel
 
 # Exported Turing model constructors
 export make_epi_inference_model
diff --git a/EpiAware/src/utilities.jl b/EpiAware/src/utilities.jl
index 35c2c4c1f..4b1fd4095 100644
--- a/EpiAware/src/utilities.jl
+++ b/EpiAware/src/utilities.jl
@@ -1,23 +1,32 @@
+
 """
-    scan(f, init, xs)
+    scan(f::F, init, xs) where {F <: AbstractEpiModel}
+
+Apply `f` to each element of `xs` and accumulate the results.
+
+`f` must be a [callable](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/methods/#Function-like-objects)
+    on a sub-type of `AbstractEpiModel`.
+
+### Design note
+`scan` is being restricted to `AbstractEpiModel` sub-types to ensure:
+    1. That compiler specialization is [activated](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/performance-tips/#Be-aware-of-when-Julia-avoids-specializing)
+    2. Also avoids potential compiler [overhead](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/devdocs/functions/#compiler-efficiency-issues)
+    from specialisation on `f<: Function`.
+
 
-Apply a function `f` to each element of `xs` along with an accumulator hidden state with intial
-value `init`. The function `f` takes the current accumulator value and the current element of `xs` as
-arguments, and returns a new accumulator value and a result value. The function `scan` returns a tuple
-`(ys, carry)`, where `ys` is an array containing the result values and `carry` is the final accumulator
-value. This is similar to the JAX function `jax.lax.scan`.
 
 # Arguments
-- `f`: A function that takes an accumulator value and an element of `xs` as arguments and returns a new
-    hidden state.
-- `init`: The initial accumulator value.
+- `f`: A callable/functor that takes two arguments, `carry` and `x`, and returns a new
+    `carry` and a result `y`.
+- `init`: The initial value for the `carry` variable.
 - `xs`: An iterable collection of elements.
 
 # Returns
-- `ys`: An array containing the result values of applying `f` to each element of `xs`.
-- `carry`: The final accumulator value.
+- `ys`: An array containing the results of applying `f` to each element of `xs`.
+- `carry`: The final value of the `carry` variable after processing all elements of `xs`.
+
 """
-function scan(f, init, xs::Vector{T}) where {T <: Union{Integer, AbstractFloat}}
+function scan(f::F, init, xs) where {F <: AbstractEpiModel}
     carry = init
     ys = similar(xs)
     for (i, x) in enumerate(xs)
diff --git a/EpiAware/test/test_utilities.jl b/EpiAware/test/test_utilities.jl
index 8ae9b58d2..8e1295353 100644
--- a/EpiAware/test/test_utilities.jl
+++ b/EpiAware/test/test_utilities.jl
@@ -7,7 +7,19 @@
     xs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
     expected_ys = [1, 3, 6, 10, 15]
     expected_carry = 15
-    ys, carry = EpiAware.scan(add, 0, xs)
+
+    # Check that a generic function CAN'T be used
+    @test_throws MethodError EpiAware.scan(add, 0, xs)
+
+    # Check that a callable subtype of `AbstractEpiModel` CAN be used
+    struct TestEpiModelAdd <: AbstractEpiModel
+    end
+    function (epimodel::TestEpiModelAdd)(a, b)
+        return a + b, a + b
+    end
+
+    ys, carry = EpiAware.scan(TestEpiModelAdd(), 0, xs)
+
     @test ys == expected_ys
     @test carry == expected_carry
 end
@@ -22,7 +34,19 @@ end
     expected_ys = [1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
     expected_carry = 120
 
-    ys, carry = EpiAware.scan(multiply, 1, xs)
+    # Check that a generic function CAN'T be used
+    @test_throws MethodError ys, carry=EpiAware.scan(multiply, 1, xs)
+
+    # Check that a callable subtype of `AbstractEpiModel` CAN be used
+    struct TestEpiModelMult <: AbstractEpiModel
+    end
+
+    function (epimodel::TestEpiModelMult)(a, b)
+        return a * b, a * b
+    end
+
+    ys, carry = EpiAware.scan(TestEpiModelMult(), 1, xs)
+
     @test ys == expected_ys
     @test carry == expected_carry
 end