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+ ], + "population": 65327652, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tha.svg", + "currency": "Thai baht" + }, + { + "name": "Timor-Leste", + "capital": "Dili", + "languages": [ + "Portuguese" + ], + "population": 1167242, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tls.svg", + "currency": "United States dollar" + }, + { + "name": "Togo", + "capital": "Lomé", + "languages": [ + "French" + ], + "population": 7143000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tgo.svg", + "currency": "West African CFA franc" + }, + { + "name": "Tokelau", + "capital": "Fakaofo", + "languages": [ + "English" + ], + "population": 1411, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tkl.svg", + "currency": "New Zealand dollar" + }, + { + "name": "Tonga", + "capital": "Nuku'alofa", + "languages": [ + "English", + "Tonga (Tonga Islands)" + ], + "population": 103252, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ton.svg", + "currency": "Tongan paʻanga" + }, + { + "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", + "capital": "Port of Spain", + 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"Tuvalu", + "capital": "Funafuti", + "languages": [ + "English" + ], + "population": 10640, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tuv.svg", + "currency": "Australian dollar" + }, + { + "name": "Uganda", + "capital": "Kampala", + "languages": [ + "English", + "Swahili" + ], + "population": 33860700, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/uga.svg", + "currency": "Ugandan shilling" + }, + { + "name": "Ukraine", + "capital": "Kiev", + "languages": [ + "Ukrainian" + ], + "population": 42692393, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ukr.svg", + "currency": "Ukrainian hryvnia" + }, + { + "name": "United Arab Emirates", + "capital": "Abu Dhabi", + "languages": [ + "Arabic" + ], + "population": 9856000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/are.svg", + "currency": "United Arab Emirates dirham" + }, + { + "name": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", + "capital": "London", + "languages": [ + "English" + ], + "population": 65110000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/gbr.svg", + "currency": "British pound" + }, + { + "name": "United States of America", + "capital": "Washington, D.C.", + "languages": [ + "English" + ], + "population": 323947000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/usa.svg", + "currency": "United States dollar" + }, + { + "name": "Uruguay", + "capital": "Montevideo", + "languages": [ + "Spanish" + ], + "population": 3480222, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ury.svg", + "currency": "Uruguayan peso" + }, + { + "name": "Uzbekistan", + "capital": "Tashkent", + "languages": [ + "Uzbek", + "Russian" + ], + "population": 31576400, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/uzb.svg", + "currency": "Uzbekistani so'm" + }, + { + "name": "Vanuatu", + "capital": "Port Vila", + "languages": [ + "Bislama", + "English", + "French" + ], + "population": 277500, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vut.svg", + "currency": "Vanuatu vatu" + }, + { + "name": "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)", + "capital": "Caracas", + "languages": [ + "Spanish" + ], + "population": 31028700, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ven.svg", + "currency": "Venezuelan bolívar" + }, + { + "name": "Viet Nam", + "capital": "Hanoi", + "languages": [ + "Vietnamese" + ], + "population": 92700000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vnm.svg", + "currency": "Vietnamese đồng" + }, + { + "name": "Wallis and Futuna", + "capital": "Mata-Utu", + "languages": [ + "French" + ], + "population": 11750, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/wlf.svg", + "currency": "CFP franc" + }, + { + "name": "Western Sahara", + "capital": "El Aaiún", + "languages": [ + "Spanish" + ], + "population": 510713, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/esh.svg", + "currency": "Moroccan dirham" + }, + { + "name": "Yemen", + "capital": "Sana'a", + "languages": [ + "Arabic" + ], + "population": 27478000, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/yem.svg", + "currency": "Yemeni rial" + }, + { + "name": "Zambia", + "capital": "Lusaka", + "languages": [ + "English" + ], + "population": 15933883, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zmb.svg", + "currency": "Zambian kwacha" + }, + { + "name": "Zimbabwe", + "capital": "Harare", + "languages": [ + "English", + "Shona", + "Northern Ndebele" + ], + "population": 14240168, + "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zwe.svg", + "currency": "Botswana pula" + } +] diff --git a/mymodule.py b/mymodule.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..127ab21f --- /dev/null +++ b/mymodule.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +def generate_full_name(firstname, lastname): + space = ' ' + fullname = firstname + space + lastname + return fullname + +def sum_two_nums (num1, num2): + return num1 + num2 +gravity = 9.81 +person = { + "firstname": "Asabeneh", + "age": 250, + "country": "Finland", + "city":'Helsinki' +} + + diff --git a/readme10-12.md b/readme10-12.md index a6b4e771..34d142a0 100644 --- a/readme10-12.md +++ b/readme10-12.md @@ -29,7 +29,18 @@ - [Function as parameter of other function](#function-as-parameter-of-other-function) - [Exercises: Day 11](#exercises-day-11) - [Day 12](#day-12) - - [Import module in Python](#import-module-in-python) + - [Module](#module) + - [What is a module](#what-is-a-module) + - [Creating a module](#creating-a-module) + - [Importing a module](#importing-a-module) + - [Import functions from a module](#import-functions-from-a-module) + - [Import functions from a module and renaming](#import-functions-from-a-module-and-renaming) + - [Import Builtin Modules](#import-builtin-modules) + - [OS Module](#os-module) + - [Sys Module](#sys-module) + - [Statistics Module](#statistics-module) + - [Math Module](#math-module) + - [Random Module](#random-module) - [Exercises: Day 12](#exercises-day-12) # Day 10 ## Loops @@ -666,10 +677,100 @@ Call your function *is_empty*, it takes a parameter and it checks if it is empty 18. Write a functions which checks if all items are unique in the list. 19. Write a function which checks if all the items of the list are the same data type. 20. Write a function which check if variable if valid python variable +21. Go the data folder and access the countries-data.py file. +* Create a function called the most_spoken_languages the world and it returns the 10 or 20 most spoken countries in the world in descending order +* Create a function called the most_populated_countries and it return 10 or 20 most populated countries in descending order. # Day 12 -## Import module in Python -Like other programming languages we can also import modules from by importing the file/function using the key word *import*. Lets import the common module we will use most of the time. +## Module +### What is a module +A module is a file containing set of codes or a set of function which can be included to an application. A module could be a file containing a single variable, or function, a big code base. +### Creating a module +To create a module we write our codes in a python script and we save it as .py file. Create a file named mymodule.py inside your project folder. Let write code on this file. +```py +# mymodule.py file +def generate_full_name(firstname, lastname): + space = ' ' + fullname = firstname + space + lastname + return fullname +``` +Create main.py file in your project directory and import the mymodule.py file. +### Importing a module +To import the file we use the *import* keyword and the name of the file only. +```py +# main.py file +import mymodule +print(mymodule.generate_full_name('Asabeneh', 'Yetayeh')) +``` +### Import functions from a module +We can have many functions in a file and we can import all the functions differently. +```py +# main.py file +from mymodule import generate_full_name, sum_two_nums, person, gravity +print(generate_full_name('Asabneh','Yetay')) +print(sum_two_nums(1,9)) +mass = 100; +weight = mass * gravity +print(weight) +print(person['firstname']) +``` +### Import functions from a module and renaming +During importing we can rename the name of the module. +```py +# main.py file +from mymodule import generate_full_name as fullname, sum_two_nums as total, person as p, gravity as g +print(fullname('Asabneh','Yetayeh')) +print(total(1,9)) +mass = 100; +weight = mass * g +print(weight) +print(p) +print(p['firstname']) +``` +## Import Builtin Modules +Like other programming languages we can also import modules by importing the file/function using the key word *import*. Lets import the common module we will use most of the time. Some of the common builtin modules *math*, *datetime*, *os*,*sys*, *random*, *statistics*, *collections*, *json*,*re* +### OS Module +Using python *os* module it is possible to automatically perform many operating system tasks.The OS module in Python provides functions for creating, changing current working directory, and removing a directory (folder), fetching its contents, changing and identifying the current directory. +```py +# import the module +import os +# Creating a directory +os.mkdir('directory_name') +# Changing the current directory +os.chdir('path') +# Getting current working directory +os.getcwd() +# Removing directory +os.rmdir() +``` +### Sys Module +The sys module provides functions and variables used to manipulate different parts of the Python runtime environment. sys.argv returns a list of command line arguments passed to a Python script. The item at index 0 in this list is always the name of the script, at index 1 is argument passed from the command line. +```py +import sys +print(sys.argv[0], argv[1],sys.argv[2]) +print('Welcome {}. Enjoy {} challenge!'.format(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])) +output +Welcome Asabeneh. Enjoy 30DayOfPython challenge! + +# to exist syst +sys.exit() +# To know the largest integer variable it takes +sys.maxsize +# To know environment path +syst.path +# To know the version of python you are using +sys.version +``` +### Statistics Module +The statistics module provides functions to mathematical statistics of numeric data. The popular statistical functions which are defined in this module *mean*, *median*, *mode*, *stdev* etc. +```py +from statistics import * # importing all the statistics module +print(mean(ages)) # 22.4 +print(median(ages)) # 23 +print(mode(ages)) # 20 +print(stdev(ages)) # 2.3 +``` +### Math Module ```py import math print(math.pi) # 3.141592653589793, pi constant @@ -711,6 +812,7 @@ When we import we can also rename the name of the function. from math import pi as PI print(PI) # 3.141592653589793 ``` +### Random Module By now you are familiar with importing modules. Lets do another more import to be very familiar with importing. Let's import *random* module which can gives random number between 0 and 0.9999.... The *random* module has lots of functions but in this section we will only see *random* and *randint*. ```py from random import random, randint